Python 网络编程基础

首先是TCP socket：

Client：

1，import socket ，然后hostname, port；

2，socket构造：s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCKET_STREAM)，AF_INET是指IPV4，SOCKET_STREAM是TCP socket，若要UDP则参数为SOCKET_DGRAM；

3，获取主机地址(host = s.gethostbyname(hostname)后连接主机 s.connect((host, port))；

4，发送内容s.sendall(message)，接受内容response = s.recv()

5，关闭socket，s.close()

import socketimport systry:    s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)except socket.error, msg:    print "failed to create socket. Error code : " + str(msg[0]) + " , Error message : " + str(msg[1])    sys.exit();print 'socket created'host = 'www.baidu.com'port = 80 try:     remote_ip = socket.gethostbyname( host )except socket.gaierror:     print 'Hostname could not be resolved. Exiting'     sys.exit(status=None)     s.connect((remote_ip , port))print 'Scoket Connected to ' + host + ' on ip ' + remote_ip + ' on port ' + str(port)message = "GET / HTTP/1.1\r\n\r\n"try:    s.sendall(message)except socket.error:    print 'send failed'    sys.exit()print 'message send successfully'<span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">def</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);"> recv_timeout(the_socket,timeout=</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">2</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">):</span><br style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);" /><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">    </span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(0, 128, 0); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">#make socket non blocking</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">    the_socket.setblocking(</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">0</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">)</span><br style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);" /><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">     </span><br style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);" /><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">    </span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(0, 128, 0); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">#total data partwise in an array</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">    total_data=[];</span><br style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);" /><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">    data=</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(128, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">''</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">;</span><br style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);" /><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">     </span><br style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);" /><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">    </span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(0, 128, 0); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">#beginning time</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">    begin=time.time()</span><br style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);" /><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">    </span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">while</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);"> </span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">1</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">:</span><br style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);" /><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">        </span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(0, 128, 0); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">#if you got some data, then break after timeout</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">        </span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">if</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);"> total_data </span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">and</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);"> time.time()-begin > timeout:</span><br style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);" /><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">            </span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">break</span><br style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);" /><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">         </span><br style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);" /><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">        </span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(0, 128, 0); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">#if you got no data at all, wait a little longer, twice the timeout</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">        </span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">elif</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);"> time.time()-begin > timeout*</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">2</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">:</span><br style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);" /><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">            </span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">break</span><br style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);" /><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">         </span><br style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);" /><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">        </span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(0, 128, 0); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">#recv something</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">        </span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">try</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">:</span><br style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);" /><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">            data = the_socket.recv(</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">8192</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">)</span><br style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);" /><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">            </span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">if</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);"> data:</span><br style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);" /><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">                total_data.</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">append</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">(data)</span><br style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);" /><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">                </span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(0, 128, 0); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">#change the beginning time for measurement</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">                begin=time.time()</span><br style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);" /><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">            </span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">else</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">:</span><br style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);" /><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">                </span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(0, 128, 0); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">#sleep for sometime to indicate a gap</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">                time.sleep(</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">0</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">.</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">1</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">)</span><br style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);" /><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">        </span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">except</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">:</span><br style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);" /><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">            </span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">pass</span><br style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);" /><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">     </span><br style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);" /><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">    </span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(0, 128, 0); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">#join all parts to make final string</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">    </span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">return</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);"> </span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(128, 0, 0); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">''</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">.</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">join</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">(total_data)</span><br style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);" /><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);"> </span><br style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);" /><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(0, 128, 0); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">#get reply and print</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; color: rgb(128, 0, 255); background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);">print</span><span style="font-family: Consolas, 'Courier New'; line-height: 15px; background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);"> recv_timeout(s)</span>s.close()

Server:
1，构造socket2，绑定socket，s.bind((HOST, PORT))3，监听，s.listen()，参数是可以监听的连接数，超过之后就reject4，接受client_socket，conn , addr = s.accept()，返回一个连接和其地址（addr[0]是主机名，addr[1]是端口。

import socketimport sysfrom thread import * HOST = ''PORT = 8888s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)print 'socket created'try:    s.bind((HOST, PORT))except socket.error , msg:    print 'bind failed. Error code : ' + str(msg[0]) + ' error message: ' + str(msg[1])    sys.exit()print 'socket bind completed's.listen(10)print 'socket now listening'def clientthread(conn):    conn.send('welcome to the server.Type something here please: \t\n')    while True:        data = conn.recv(1024)        response = 'OK...' + data        if not data:            break        conn.sendall(response)while True:    conn , addr = s.accept()    print 'Connected with ' + addr[0] + ' : ' + str(addr[1])    start_new_thread(clientthread, (conn, ))s.close()

UDP Socket

Client:

import socket#for socketsimport sys#for exit# create dgram udp sockettry:s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)except socket.error:print 'Failed to create socket'sys.exit()host = 'localhost';port = 8888;while(1) :msg = raw_input('Enter message to send : ')try :#Set the whole strings.sendto(msg, (host, port))# receive data from client (data, addr)d = s.recvfrom(1024)reply = d[0]addr = d[1]print 'Server reply : ' + replyexcept socket.error, msg:print 'Error Code : ' + str(msg[0]) + ' Message ' + msg[1]sys.exit()

Server:

import socketimport sysHOST = ''# Symbolic name meaning all available interfacesPORT = 8888# Arbitrary non-privileged port# Datagram (udp) sockettry :s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)print 'Socket created'except socket.error, msg :print 'Failed to create socket. Error Code : ' + str(msg[0]) + ' Message ' + msg[1]sys.exit()# Bind socket to local host and porttry:s.bind((HOST, PORT))except socket.error , msg:print 'Bind failed. Error Code : ' + str(msg[0]) + ' Message ' + msg[1]sys.exit()print 'Socket bind complete'#now keep talking with the clientwhile 1:# receive data from client (data, addr)d = s.recvfrom(1024)data = d[0]addr = d[1]if not data: breakreply = 'OK...' + datas.sendto(reply , addr)print 'Message[' + addr[0] + ':' + str(addr[1]) + '] - ' + data.strip()s.close()