tmux – Linux终端管理软件

tmux是一个优秀的终端复用软件，类似GNU Screen，但来自于OpenBSD，采用BSD授权。使用它最直观的好处就是，通过一个终端登录远程主机并运行tmux后，在其中可以开启多个控制台而无需再“浪费”多余的终端来连接这台远程主机；当然其功能远不止于此。与screen相比的优点：可以横向和纵向分割窗口，且窗格可以自由移动和调整大小。可在多个缓冲区进行复制和粘贴，支持跨窗口搜索；非正常断线后不需重新detach；…… 有人说——与tmux相比，screen简直弱爆了。

下载源码包：

wget --no-check-certificate https://github.com/downloads/libevent/libevent/libevent-2.0.21-stable.tar.gzwget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/tmux/tmux-1.8.tar.gz

编译tmux-1.8时，可能出现如下错误：

control.c: In function ‘control_callback’:control.c:63: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘evbuffer_readln’control.c:63: error: ‘EVBUFFER_EOL_LF’ undeclared (first use in this function)control.c:63: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only oncecontrol.c:63: error: for each function it appears in.)control.c:63: warning: assignment makes pointer from integer without a castmake: *** [control.o] Error 1

原因是使用的libevent的版本太低造成的，tmux1.8要求libevent>= 2.0.10-stable

编译libevent

yum -y install ncurses-devel #依赖包tar xzf libevent-2.0.21-stable.tar.gzcd libevent-2.0.21-stable./configuremake && make installcd ../ tar xzf tmux-1.8.tar.gzcd tmux-1.8CFLAGS="-I/usr/local/include" LDFLAGS="-L//usr/local/lib" ./configuremake && make install1 <strong>直接./configure不能通过编译，报如下错误：</strong>1cmd-capture-pane.o: In function `cmd_capture_pane_pending':cmd-capture-pane.c:(.text+0x356): undefined reference to `evbuffer_pullup'cmd-capture-pane.c:(.text+0x367): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length'cmd-load-buffer.o: In function `cmd_load_buffer_callback':cmd-load-buffer.c:(.text+0x52): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length'cmd-load-buffer.c:(.text+0x88): undefined reference to `evbuffer_pullup'cmd-pipe-pane.o: In function `cmd_pipe_pane_exec':cmd-pipe-pane.c:(.text+0x2bf): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length'cmd-run-shell.o: In function `cmd_run_shell_callback':cmd-run-shell.c:(.text+0x315): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length'cmd-run-shell.c:(.text+0x3fe): undefined reference to `evbuffer_pullup'cmd-set-option.o: In function `cmd_set_option_exec':cmd-set-option.c:(.text+0xc90): undefined reference to `event_initialized'control.o: In function `control_callback':control.c:(.text+0x15f): undefined reference to `evbuffer_readln'control-notify.o: In function `control_notify_input':control-notify.c:(.text+0x3ef): undefined reference to `evbuffer_pullup'control-notify.c:(.text+0x3fa): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length'format.o: In function `format_window_pane_tabs':format.c:(.text+0xe05): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length'format.c:(.text+0xe3b): undefined reference to `evbuffer_pullup'format.c:(.text+0xe45): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length'input.o: In function `input_set_state':input.c:(.text+0x1b97): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length'input.o: In function `input_parse':input.c:(.text+0x1bd8): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length'input.c:(.text+0x1c35): undefined reference to `evbuffer_pullup'input.c:(.text+0x1c43): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length'job.o: In function `job_write_callback':job.c:(.text+0x12): undefined reference to `bufferevent_get_output'job.c:(.text+0x1a): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length'names.o: In function `queue_window_name':names.c:(.text+0x144): undefined reference to `event_initialized'names.o: In function `window_name_callback':names.c:(.text+0x237): undefined reference to `event_initialized'server-client.o: In function `server_client_check_exit':server-client.c:(.text+0xbca): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length'server-client.c:(.text+0xbdc): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length'server-client.c:(.text+0xbee): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length'server-client.o: In function `server_client_lost':server-client.c:(.text+0x1835): undefined reference to `event_initialized'server-client.c:(.text+0x1859): undefined reference to `event_initialized'server-client.c:(.text+0x1937): undefined reference to `event_initialized'server-fn.o: In function `server_update_event':server-fn.c:(.text+0x23c): undefined reference to `event_initialized'server-fn.o: In function `server_set_identify':server-fn.c:(.text+0x2e7): undefined reference to `event_initialized'server-fn.o: In function `server_push_stdout':server-fn.c:(.text+0xd9f): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length'server-fn.c:(.text+0xdcc): undefined reference to `evbuffer_pullup'server-fn.o: In function `server_push_stderr':server-fn.c:(.text+0xe6b): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length'server-fn.c:(.text+0xe98): undefined reference to `evbuffer_pullup'server.o: In function `server_add_accept':server.c:(.text+0x43c): undefined reference to `event_initialized'status.o: In function `status_message_set':status.c:(.text+0x2484): undefined reference to `event_initialized'status.o: In function `status_job_callback':status.c:(.text+0x25e8): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length'status.c:(.text+0x2623): undefined reference to `evbuffer_pullup'tty-keys.o: In function `tty_keys_next':tty-keys.c:(.text+0x6b7): undefined reference to `evbuffer_pullup'tty-keys.c:(.text+0x6cb): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length'tty-keys.c:(.text+0x771): undefined reference to `event_initialized'tty-keys.c:(.text+0x843): undefined reference to `event_initialized'tty-keys.c:(.text+0x8f9): undefined reference to `event_initialized'tty.o: In function `tty_close':tty.c:(.text+0x326c): undefined reference to `event_initialized'window.o: In function `window_pane_read_callback':window.c:(.text+0x276b): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length'window.c:(.text+0x2791): undefined reference to `evbuffer_get_length'window.c:(.text+0x27e1): undefined reference to `evbuffer_pullup'window.o: In function `window_pane_destroy':window.c:(.text+0x2e5a): undefined reference to `event_initialized'window.o: In function `window_destroy':window.c:(.text+0x36c5): undefined reference to `event_initialized'collect2: ld returned 1 exit statusmake: *** [tmux] Error 1

运行tmux可能出现如下错误：
tmux: error while loading shared libraries: libevent-2.0.so.5: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
解决办法：建立相应的symbol link

if [ `getconf WORD_BIT` = '32' ] && [ `getconf LONG_BIT` = '64' ] ; then    ln -s /usr/local/lib/libevent-2.0.so.5 /usr/lib64/libevent-2.0.so.5else    ln -s /usr/local/lib/libevent-2.0.so.5 /usr/lib/libevent-2.0.so.5fi

判断操作系统多少位：http://blog.linuxeye.com/303.html
tmux操作手册
类似各种平铺式窗口管理器，tmux使用键盘操作，常用快捷键包括：

Ctrl+b激活控制台；此时以下按键生效系统操作?列出所有快捷键；按q返回d脱离当前会话；这样可以暂时返回Shell界面，输入tmux attach能够重新进入之前的会话D选择要脱离的会话；在同时开启了多个会话时使用Ctrl+z挂起当前会话r强制重绘未脱离的会话s选择并切换会话；在同时开启了多个会话时使用:进入命令行模式；此时可以输入支持的命令，例如kill-server可以关闭服务器[进入复制模式；此时的操作与vi/emacs相同，按q/Esc退出~列出提示信息缓存；其中包含了之前tmux返回的各种提示信息窗口操作c创建新窗口&关闭当前窗口数字键切换至指定窗口p切换至上一窗口n切换至下一窗口l在前后两个窗口间互相切换w通过窗口列表切换窗口,重命名当前窗口；这样便于识别.修改当前窗口编号；相当于窗口重新排序f在所有窗口中查找指定文本面板操作”将当前面板平分为上下两块%将当前面板平分为左右两块x关闭当前面板!将当前面板置于新窗口；即新建一个窗口，其中仅包含当前面板Ctrl+方向键以1个单元格为单位移动边缘以调整当前面板大小Alt+方向键以5个单元格为单位移动边缘以调整当前面板大小Space在预置的面板布局中循环切换；依次包括even-horizontal、even-vertical、main-horizontal、main-vertical、tiledq显示面板编号o在当前窗口中选择下一面板方向键移动光标以选择面板{向前置换当前面板}向后置换当前面板Alt+o逆时针旋转当前窗口的面板Ctrl+o顺时针旋转当前窗口的面板

tmux配置
tmux的系统级配置文件为/etc/tmux.conf，用户级配置文件为~/.tmux.conf。配置文件实际上就是tmux的命令集合，也就是说每行配置均可在进入命令行模式后输入生效。
下面是一个~/.tmux.conf的示例，其中包括了一些常用的配置：

#此类配置可以在命令行模式中输入show-options -g查询set-option -g base-index 1                        #窗口的初始序号；默认为0，这里设置为1set-option -g display-time 5000                   #提示信息的持续时间；设置足够的时间以避免看不清提示，单位为毫秒set-option -g repeat-time 1000                    #控制台激活后的持续时间；设置合适的时间以避免每次操作都要先激活控制台，单位为毫秒set-option -g status-keys vi                      #操作状态栏时的默认键盘布局；可以设置为vi或emacsset-option -g status-right "#(date +%H:%M' ')"    #状态栏右方的内容；这里的设置将得到类似23:59的显示set-option -g status-right-length 10              #状态栏右方的内容长度；建议把更多的空间留给状态栏左方（用于列出当前窗口）set-option -g status-utf8 on                      开启状态栏的UTF-8支持 #此类设置可以在命令行模式中输入show-window-options -g查询set-window-option -g mode-keys vi    #复制模式中的默认键盘布局；可以设置为vi或emacsset-window-option -g utf8 on         #开启窗口的UTF-8支持 #将激活控制台的快捷键由Ctrl+b修改为Ctrl+aset-option -g prefix C-aunbind-key C-bbind-key C-a send-prefix #添加自定义快捷键bind-key z kill-session                     #按z结束当前会话；相当于进入命令行模式后输入kill-sessionbind-key h select-layout even-horizontal    #按h将当前面板布局切换为even-horizontal；相当于进入命令行模式后输入select-layout even-horizontalbind-key v select-layout even-vertical      #按v将当前面板布局切换为even-vertical；相当于进入命令行模式后输入select-layout even-vertical1

#常用

tmux                             #开启tmux
tmux ls                         #列出会话(tmux list-session )
tmux attach                   #Tmux重新连接到之前的窗口可使用
tmux attach -t session     #进入某个会话
tmux -r                         #连接上次断开的session
tmux kill-session             #关闭上次tmux打开窗口
tmux kill-server              #关闭所有tmux打开窗口