Android:剖析源码,随心所欲控制Toast显示

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Android:剖析源码,随心所欲控制Toast显示

本文转载于:http://www.cnblogs.com/net168/p/4058193.html               

前言

  Toast相信大家都不会陌生吧,如果对于Toast不甚了解,可以参考我的上一篇博客《Android:谈一谈安卓应用中的Toast情节》,里面有关于Toast基础比较详细的介绍。但是如果你想要看的是最原汁原味的Toast攻略,我非常建议你:出门右转,谷歌官网,据说是一个非常给力的地儿,一般人我还不告诉他呢。但是!如果官网的开发者指南都满足不了你的胃口的话,那你还是得准备点西瓜瓜子回来吧,搬个板凳坐前排来一起分析一下Toast的源码设计。

Toast的源代码世界

  这个故事要从哪里说起呢?话说很久很久以前,程序员菜鸟小明不小心搜索到了Toast这个java文件,顿时小明心跳加速、脸红耳赤的:“这可不是我经常用到的Toast吗?”。怀揣着程序员固有的好奇心的小明点进了这个代码文件,发现了这么一个函数

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public static Toast makeText(Context context, CharSequence text, int duration) {        Toast result = new Toast(context);        LayoutInflater inflate = (LayoutInflater)                context.getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);        View v = inflate.inflate(com.android.internal.R.layout.transient_notification, null);        TextView tv = (TextView)v.findViewById(com.android.internal.R.id.message);        tv.setText(text);                result.mNextView = v;        result.mDuration = duration;        return result;    }
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好眼熟,貌似昨天还刚刚跟它在代码上打过招呼呢。小明顿时有一种很高大上的感觉,这就是传说中的android源代码!

小明瞄了几眼代码,马上总结出两个信息:1、android源码真简单!2、Toast显示的布局文件是transient_notification.xml!

怀揣这洋洋得意的心思,小明在源代码中开始搜索transient_notification.xml,一顿卡死,终于在快放弃的时候给出了结果。

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<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"      android:layout_width="match_parent"      android:layout_height="match_parent"      android:orientation="vertical"      android:background="?android:attr/toastFrameBackground">        <TextView          android:id="@android:id/message"          android:layout_width="wrap_content"          android:layout_height="wrap_content"          android:layout_weight="1"          android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"          android:textAppearance="@style/TextAppearance.Toast"          android:textColor="@color/bright_foreground_dark"          android:shadowColor="#BB000000"          android:shadowRadius="2.75"          />    </LinearLayout>  
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这简单的不像话了!!小明愤怒了。但是愤怒归愤怒,小明还是继续往下看了,接下来看什么呢,肯定是show()方法了。

小明边念念叨叨的:“作为一个二十一世纪的优秀攻城狮,我们需要的是一种探索源代码的情怀。。。。。。”,一边定位到了show()的代码。

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public void show() {  if (mNextView == null) {    throw new RuntimeException("setView must have been called");  }  INotificationManager service = getService();  String pkg = mContext.getPackageName();  TN tn = mTN;  tn.mNextView = mNextView;  try {    service.enqueueToast(pkg, tn, mDuration);  } catch (RemoteException e) {    // Empty  }}
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   这里好像是要先获取一个服务:INotificationManager,然后调用service.enqueueToast(pkg, tn, mDuration)好像是将Toast放到一个队列里面显示吧;小明这么底气不足的理解着。这个TN是个啥子玩意呢?没见过?那就来个第一次约会咯。代码搜索出炉:

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private static class TN extends ITransientNotification.Stub {          final Runnable mShow = new Runnable() {              @Override              public void run() {                  handleShow();              }          };            final Runnable mHide = new Runnable() {              @Override              public void run() {                  handleHide();                  // Don't do this in handleHide() because it is also invoked by handleShow()                  mNextView = null;              }          };            private final WindowManager.LayoutParams mParams = new WindowManager.LayoutParams();          final Handler mHandler = new Handler();                int mGravity;          int mX, mY;          float mHorizontalMargin;          float mVerticalMargin;              View mView;          View mNextView;            WindowManager mWM;            TN() {              // XXX This should be changed to use a Dialog, with a Theme.Toast              // defined that sets up the layout params appropriately.              final WindowManager.LayoutParams params = mParams;              params.height = WindowManager.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT;              params.width = WindowManager.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT;              params.format = PixelFormat.TRANSLUCENT;              params.windowAnimations = com.android.internal.R.style.Animation_Toast;              params.type = WindowManager.LayoutParams.TYPE_TOAST;              params.setTitle("Toast");              params.flags = WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_KEEP_SCREEN_ON                      | WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_NOT_FOCUSABLE                      | WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_NOT_TOUCHABLE;          }            /**          * schedule handleShow into the right thread          */          @Override          public void show() {              if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "SHOW: " + this);              mHandler.post(mShow);          }            /**          * schedule handleHide into the right thread          */          @Override          public void hide() {              if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "HIDE: " + this);              mHandler.post(mHide);          }            public void handleShow() {              if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "HANDLE SHOW: " + this + " mView=" + mView                      + " mNextView=" + mNextView);              if (mView != mNextView) {                  // remove the old view if necessary                  handleHide();                  mView = mNextView;                  Context context = mView.getContext().getApplicationContext();                  if (context == null) {                      context = mView.getContext();                  }                  mWM = (WindowManager)context.getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE);                  // We can resolve the Gravity here by using the Locale for getting                  // the layout direction                  final Configuration config = mView.getContext().getResources().getConfiguration();                  final int gravity = Gravity.getAbsoluteGravity(mGravity, config.getLayoutDirection());                  mParams.gravity = gravity;                  if ((gravity & Gravity.HORIZONTAL_GRAVITY_MASK) == Gravity.FILL_HORIZONTAL) {                      mParams.horizontalWeight = 1.0f;                  }                  if ((gravity & Gravity.VERTICAL_GRAVITY_MASK) == Gravity.FILL_VERTICAL) {                      mParams.verticalWeight = 1.0f;                  }                  mParams.x = mX;                  mParams.y = mY;                  mParams.verticalMargin = mVerticalMargin;                  mParams.horizontalMargin = mHorizontalMargin;                  if (mView.getParent() != null) {                      if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "REMOVE! " + mView + " in " + this);                      mWM.removeView(mView);                  }                  if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "ADD! " + mView + " in " + this);                  mWM.addView(mView, mParams);                  trySendAccessibilityEvent();              }          }            private void trySendAccessibilityEvent() {              AccessibilityManager accessibilityManager =                      AccessibilityManager.getInstance(mView.getContext());              if (!accessibilityManager.isEnabled()) {                  return;              }              // treat toasts as notifications since they are used to              // announce a transient piece of information to the user              AccessibilityEvent event = AccessibilityEvent.obtain(                      AccessibilityEvent.TYPE_NOTIFICATION_STATE_CHANGED);              event.setClassName(getClass().getName());              event.setPackageName(mView.getContext().getPackageName());              mView.dispatchPopulateAccessibilityEvent(event);              accessibilityManager.sendAccessibilityEvent(event);          }                    public void handleHide() {              if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "HANDLE HIDE: " + this + " mView=" + mView);              if (mView != null) {                  // note: checking parent() just to make sure the view has                  // been added...  i have seen cases where we get here when                  // the view isn't yet added, so let's try not to crash.                  if (mView.getParent() != null) {                      if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "REMOVE! " + mView + " in " + this);                      mWM.removeView(mView);                  }                    mView = null;              }          }      } 
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乍一看,把小明给虚的,急忙找来大牛程序员帮忙讲解一下。大牛认真过了几眼,咦~其实也不是那么复杂的。这时大牛注意到了这个TN继承了ITransientNotification.Stub,这个类的形式不知道大家还熟悉吗?连小明好像在博客园里面介绍AIDL的文章时懵懵懂懂看到过这种形式的类,可是没等小明反应过来,大牛顺手就在源代码中搜索了一下:ITransientNotification

“果断是AIDL!!”小明惊叹。果然大神跟菜鸟就是不一样,大牛这时打开ITransientNotification瞄一瞄,发现了show()和hide()这两个方法。

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package android.app;    /** @hide */  oneway interface ITransientNotification {      void show();      void hide();  } 
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“那么应该回去TN看看他的实现了”,大牛跟小明说。

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@Override  public void show() {      if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "SHOW: " + this);      mHandler.post(mShow);  }  @Override  public void hide() {      if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "HIDE: " + this);      mHandler.post(mHide);  }  
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原来是使用handler机制,分别post一个nShow和一个mHide,再接再厉,追踪源码

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final Runnable mShow = new Runnable() {    @Override    public void run() {      handleShow();    }  };    final Runnable mHide = new Runnable() {    @Override    public void run() {      handleHide();      mNextView = null;    }  };
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小明这次学聪明了,毕竟跟大牛学习比小明整天啃得那些《七天精通Android编程》之类的坑爹书靠谱多了,所以小明跟大牛说,我们应该看看handleShow()的实现,正解!

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public void handleShow() {    if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "HANDLE SHOW: " + this + " mView=" + mView       + " mNextView=" + mNextView);    if (mView != mNextView) {    // remove the old view if necessary    handleHide();    mView = mNextView;    Context context = mView.getContext().getApplicationContext();    if (context == null) {      context = mView.getContext();    }    mWM = (WindowManager)context.getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE);    // We can resolve the Gravity here by using the Locale for getting    // the layout direction    final Configuration config = mView.getContext().getResources().getConfiguration();    final int gravity = Gravity.getAbsoluteGravity(mGravity, config.getLayoutDirection());    mParams.gravity = gravity;    if ((gravity & Gravity.HORIZONTAL_GRAVITY_MASK) == Gravity.FILL_HORIZONTAL) {      mParams.horizontalWeight = 1.0f;    }    if ((gravity & Gravity.VERTICAL_GRAVITY_MASK) == Gravity.FILL_VERTICAL) {      mParams.verticalWeight = 1.0f;    }    mParams.x = mX;    mParams.y = mY;    mParams.verticalMargin = mVerticalMargin;    mParams.horizontalMargin = mHorizontalMargin;    if (mView.getParent() != null) {      if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "REMOVE! " + mView + " in " + this);        mWM.removeView(mView);    }    if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "ADD! " + mView + " in " + this);    mWM.addView(mView, mParams);    trySendAccessibilityEvent();    }  } 
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原来是Toast的视图是通过WindowManager的addView来加载的,小明突然感觉自己向高级程序员迈进了一大步-----“怎么说哥现在也是了解实现原理的人了!”

他们接下来又把邪恶的目光定位在TN()这个构造方法上面

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TN() {    final WindowManager.LayoutParams params = mParams;    params.height = WindowManager.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT;    params.width = WindowManager.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT;    params.format = PixelFormat.TRANSLUCENT;    params.windowAnimations = com.android.internal.R.style.Animation_Toast;    params.type = WindowManager.LayoutParams.TYPE_TOAST;    params.setTitle("Toast");    params.flags = WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_KEEP_SCREEN_ON      | WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_NOT_FOCUSABLE      | WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_NOT_TOUCHABLE;  }  
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这就是设置Toast中的View的各种位置参数params。

但是小明还是有点不明白,大牛看到小明神游的样子,就给他解释道:

  其实Toast的原理是这样的,先通过makeText()实例化出一个Toast,然后调用toast.Show()方法,这时并不会马上显示Toast,而是会实例化一个TN变量,然后通过service.enqueueToast()将其加到服务队列里面去等待显示。在TN中进行调控Toast的显示格式以及里面的hide()、show()方法来控制Toast的出现以及消失,强调一下的是这个队列是系统维护的,我们并不能干涉。

小明若有所思的点点头。。。。。。

 自由控制Toast的显示时间

  时间就像水,干着干着就干了,撸着撸着就没了,吸着吸着就瘪了。两三天又过去了,突然有一天头儿给小明吩咐了一个活:给应用设置一个较长时间的Toast。这还不简单,小明偷偷在工位上打着瞌睡揉揉眼睛,Toast.setDuration()不就解决了嘛~要几秒就设几秒咯,这还是事儿?但是,谷歌又一次坑了他:因为小明不管怎么设置,Toast只能有显示2s和3.5s这两个情况,这时为啥呢?小明突然想起前些天翻了翻Toast的源码,赶紧去里面找答案

private void scheduleTimeoutLocked(ToastRecord r)  {    mHandler.removeCallbacksAndMessages(r);    Message m = Message.obtain(mHandler, MESSAGE_TIMEOUT, r);    long delay = r.duration == Toast.LENGTH_LONG ? LONG_DELAY : SHORT_DELAY;    mHandler.sendMessageDelayed(m, delay);  }
private static final int LONG_DELAY = 3500; // 3.5 seconds  private static final int SHORT_DELAY = 2000; // 2 seconds  

  我们呢看到这里是使用了handler中的延迟发信息来显示toast的,这里我们也看到了,延迟时间是duration,但是只有两个值:2s和3.5s这两个值,所以我们在之前说过我们设置toast的显示时间是没有任何效果的,所以小明又得去请教大牛了,果然活都不会是那么简单的。。。。。。。

大牛早有研究,他分析道:你还记得我们前些天分析的Toast源代码吗?Toast的显示是首先借助TN类,所有的显示逻辑在这个类中的show方法中,然后再实例一个TN类变量,将传递到一个队列中进行显示,所以我们要向解决这个显示的时间问题,那就从入队列这部给截断,说白了就两点:

1、不让Toast进入队列

2、调用TN类中的hide和show的方法自己控制Toast

但是第一点好实现,第二点让人抓狂了,因为我们看到TN这个类是私有的,所以我们也不能实例化他的对象,但是toast类中有一个实例化对象:tn

final TN mTN;  

竟然是包访问权限,大牛一脸淫笑的说,咱们得借助无比强大的反射技术,我们只需要反射出这个变量,然后强暴她一次即可,得到这个变量我们可以得到这个TN类对象了,然后再使用反射获取他的show和hide方法即可,代码如下:

方法一:

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public class ToastReflect {        private Toast mToast;    private Field field;    private Object obj;    private Method showMethod, hideMethod;    private double time;        private ToastReflect(Context context, String text, double time){        this.time = time;        mToast = Toast.makeText(context, text, Toast.LENGTH_LONG);        reflectionTN();    }        private void reflectionTN() {        try{            field = mToast.getClass().getDeclaredField("mTN");            field.setAccessible(true);            obj = field.get(mToast);            showMethod = obj.getClass().getDeclaredMethod("show", null);            hideMethod = obj.getClass().getDeclaredMethod("hide", null);        }catch(Exception e){            e.printStackTrace();        }    }    public static ToastReflect makeText(Context context, String text, double time){        ToastReflect toastReflect = new ToastReflect(context, text, time);        return toastReflect;    }        private void showToast(){        try{            showMethod.invoke(obj, null);        }catch(Exception e){            e.printStackTrace();        }    }        private void hideToast(){        try{            hideMethod.invoke(obj, null);        }catch(Exception e){            e.printStackTrace();        }    }        public void show(){        showToast();        new Timer().schedule(new TimerTask() {            @Override            public void run() {                hideToast();            }        }, (long)(time * 1000));    }}
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ps:利用反射来控制Toast的显示时间在高版本会有bug,Android 2.2实测实可以用的,Android 4.0则无法使用。具体原因大牛还在分析。。。。。。

方法二:

  但是作为一个通用性软件,对于任何版本都需要支持,所以小明还是只能采取其他办法,说实话,还真发现了一个比较傻瓜的实现。

就是可以利用handler.post结合timer来实现效果,兼容性较好。。利用定时重复show一个Toast就能达到根据特定时间来显示的功能。

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public class ToastSimple {        private double time;    private static Handler handler;    private Timer showTimer;    private Timer cancelTimer;        private Toast toast;        private ToastSimple(){        showTimer = new Timer();        cancelTimer = new Timer();    }        public void setTime(double time) {        this.time = time;    }        public void setToast(Toast toast){        this.toast = toast;    }        public static ToastSimple makeText(Context context, String text, double time){        ToastSimple toast1= new ToastSimple();        toast1.setTime(time);        toast1.setToast(Toast.makeText(context, text, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT));        handler = new Handler(context.getMainLooper());        return toast1;    }        public void show(){        toast.show();        if(time > 2){            showTimer.schedule(new TimerTask() {                @Override                public void run() {                    handler.post(new ShowRunnable());                }            }, 0, 1900);        }        cancelTimer.schedule(new TimerTask() {            @Override            public void run() {                handler.post(new CancelRunnable());            }        }, (long)(time * 1000));    }        private class CancelRunnable implements Runnable{        @Override        public void run() {            showTimer.cancel();            toast.cancel();        }    }        private class ShowRunnable implements Runnable{        @Override        public void run() {            toast.show();        }    }}
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方法三:  

这时,大牛也琢磨出一个办法,因为Toast是基于windowManager来显示的,所以完全可以自己写一个自定义的Toast,代码如下

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package com.net168.toast;import java.util.Timer;import java.util.TimerTask;import android.content.Context;import android.graphics.PixelFormat;import android.view.Gravity;import android.view.View;import android.view.WindowManager;import android.widget.Toast;public class ToastCustom {        private WindowManager wdm;    private double time;    private View mView;    private WindowManager.LayoutParams params;    private Timer timer;        private ToastCustom(Context context, String text, double time){        wdm = (WindowManager) context.getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE);        timer = new Timer();                Toast toast = Toast.makeText(context, text, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT);        mView = toast.getView();                params = new WindowManager.LayoutParams();        params.height = WindowManager.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT;          params.width = WindowManager.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT;          params.format = PixelFormat.TRANSLUCENT;          params.windowAnimations = toast.getView().getAnimation().INFINITE;          params.type = WindowManager.LayoutParams.TYPE_TOAST;          params.setTitle("Toast");          params.flags = WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_KEEP_SCREEN_ON                  | WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_NOT_FOCUSABLE                  | WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_NOT_TOUCHABLE;        params.gravity = Gravity.CENTER_HORIZONTAL | Gravity.BOTTOM;        params.y = -30;                this.time = time;    }        public static ToastCustom makeText(Context context, String text, double time){        ToastCustom toastCustom = new ToastCustom(context, text, time);        return toastCustom;    }        public void show(){        wdm.addView(mView, params);        timer.schedule(new TimerTask() {            @Override            public void run() {                wdm.removeView(mView);            }        }, (long)(time * 1000));    }        public void cancel(){        wdm.removeView(mView);        timer.cancel();    }        }
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PS:上面自定义Toast代码只实现了基本功能,其余功能由于时间关系没有全部实现。

测试代码如下:

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public class MainActivity extends ActionBarActivity implements View.OnClickListener{        private EditText edt_duration;    private Button btn_toast_simple;    private Button btn_toast_reflect;    private Button btn_toast_custom;        @Override    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);                edt_duration = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.edt_duration);        btn_toast_simple = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_toast_simple);        btn_toast_reflect = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_toast_reflect);        btn_toast_custom = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_toast_custom);                btn_toast_simple.setOnClickListener(this);        btn_toast_reflect.setOnClickListener(this);        btn_toast_custom.setOnClickListener(this);    }    @Override    public void onClick(View v) {        double time = Double.parseDouble((edt_duration.getText().toString()));        switch (v.getId()){        case R.id.btn_toast_simple:            ToastSimple.makeText(MainActivity.this, "简单Toast,执行时间为:" + time, time).show();            break;        case R.id.btn_toast_reflect:            ToastReflect.makeText(MainActivity.this, "反射Toast,执行时间为" + time, time).show();            break;        case R.id.btn_toast_custom:            ToastCustom.makeText(MainActivity.this, "反射Toast,执行时间为" + time, time).show();            break;        }    }}
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限于篇幅,也就懒得讲解了。。。。。。

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