virsh 管​理​KVM

virsh 是​用​来​管​理​客​户​端​及​其​管​理​程​序​的​命​令​行​界​面​工​具​。​

virsh 工​具​是​构​建​在​ libvirt 管​理​ API 上​，可​作​为​ xm 命​令​和​图​形​客​户​端​管​理​程​序​（virt-manager）的​替​代​工​具​使​用​。​非​特​权​用​户​只​能​以​只​读​模​式​使​用​ virsh。​您​可​使​用​ virsh 为​客​户​端​机​器​执​行​脚​本​。​

virsh 命​令​快​速​参​考​

下​表​提​供​所​有​ virsh 命​令​行​选​项​的​快​速​参​考​。​

命​令​Descriptionhelp打​印​基​本​帮​助​信​息​。​list列​出​所​有​客​户​端​。​dumpxml输​出​客​户​端​ XML 配​置​文​件​。​create从​ XML 配​置​文​件​生​成​客​户​端​并​启​动​新​客​户​端​。​start启​动​未​激​活​的​客​户​端​。​destroy强​制​客​户​端​停​止​。​define为​客​户​端​输​出​ XML 配​置​文​件​。​domid显​示​客​户​端​ ID。​domuuid显​示​客​户​端​ UUID。​dominfo显​示​客​户​端​信​息​。​domname显​示​客​户​端​名​称​。​domstate显​示​客​户​端​状​态​。​quit退​出​这​个​互​动​终​端​。​reboot重​新​启​动​客​户​端​。​restore恢​复​以​前​保​存​在​文​件​中​的​客​户​端​。​resume恢​复​暂​停​的​客​户​端​。​save将​客​户​端​当​前​状​态​保​存​到​某​个​文​件​中​。​shutdown关​闭​某​个​域​。​suspend暂​停​客​户​端​。​undefine删​除​与​客​户​端​关​联​的​所​有​文​件​。​migrate将​客​户​端​迁​移​到​另​一​台​主​机​中​。​

表 15.1. 客​户​端​管​理​命​令​

使​用​以​下​ virsh 命​令​管​理​客​户​端​及​管​理​程​序​资​源​：

命​令​Descriptionsetmem为​客​户​端​设​定​分​配​的​内​存​。​setmaxmem为​管​理​程​序​设​定​内​存​上​限​。​setvcpus修​改​为​客​户​端​分​配​的​虚​拟​ CPU 数​目​。​vcpuinfo显​示​客​户​端​的​虚​拟​ CPU 信​息​。​vcpupin控​制​客​户​端​的​虚​拟​ CPU 亲​和​性​。​domblkstat显​示​正​在​运​行​的​客​户​端​的​块​设​备​统​计​。​domifstat显​示​正​在​运​行​的​客​户​端​的​网​络​接​口​统​计​。​attach-device使​用​ XML 文​件​中​的​设​备​定​义​在​客​户​端​中​添​加​设​备​。​attach-disk在​客​户​端​中​附​加​新​磁​盘​设​备​。​attach-interface在​客​户​端​中​附​加​新​网​络​接​口​。​detach-device从​客​户​端​中​分​离​设​备​，使​用​同​样​的​ XML 描​述​作​为​命​令​attach-device。​detach-disk从​客​户​端​中​分​离​磁​盘​设​备​。​detach-interface从​客​户​端​中​分​离​网​络​接​口​。​

表 15.2. 资​源​管​理​选​项​

这​些​是​其​它​ virsh 选​项​：

命​令​Descriptionversion显​示​ virsh 版​本​nodeinfo有​关​管​理​程​序​的​输​出​信​息​

表 15.3. 其​它​选​项​

连​接​至​管​理​程​序​

使​用​ virsh 连​接​到​管​理​程​序​会​话​：

# virsh connect <span class="parameter" style="font-style:italic"><code style="font-family:'liberation mono','bitstream vera mono','dejavu mono',monospace; font-weight:bold; display:inline; word-wrap:break-word">{hostname OR URL}</code></span>

Where <name> is the machine name of the hypervisor. To initiate a read-only connection, append the above command with -readonly.

创​建​虚​拟​机​ XML 转​储​（配​置​文​件​）

使​用​ virsh 输​出​客​户​端​ XML 配​置​文​件​：

# virsh dumpxml <span class="parameter" style="font-style:italic"><code style="font-family:'liberation mono','bitstream vera mono','dejavu mono',monospace; font-weight:bold; display:inline; word-wrap:break-word">{domain-id, domain-name or domain-uuid}</code></span>

This command outputs the guest's XML configuration file to standard out (stdout). You can save the data by piping the output to a file. An example of piping the output to a file called guest.xml:

# virsh dumpxml <span class="replaceable" style="color:#444444;"><code style="font-family:'liberation mono','bitstream vera mono','dejavu mono',monospace; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold">GuestID</code></span> > <span class="replaceable" style="color:#444444;"><code style="font-family:'liberation mono','bitstream vera mono','dejavu mono',monospace; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold">guest.xml</code></span>

This file guest.xml can recreate the guest (refer to 编​辑​客​户​端​配​置​文​件​. You can edit this XML configuration file to configure additional devices or to deploy additional guests. Refer to 第 18.1 节 “使​用​带​ virsh 的​ XML 配​置​文​件​” for more information on modifying files created with virsh dumpxml.

virsh dumpxml 输​出​示​例​：

# virsh dumpxml r5b2-mySQL01<domain type='xen' id='13'>    <name>r5b2-mySQL01</name>    <uuid>4a4c59a7ee3fc78196e4288f2862f011</uuid>    <bootloader>/usr/bin/pygrub</bootloader>    <os>        <type>linux</type>        <kernel>/var/lib/libvirt/vmlinuz.2dgnU_</kernel><initrd>/var/lib/libvirt/initrd.UQafMw</initrd>        <cmdline>ro root=/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 rhgb quiet</cmdline>    </os>    <memory>512000</memory>    <vcpu>1</vcpu>    <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>    <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>    <on_crash>restart</on_crash>    <devices>        <interface type='bridge'>            <source bridge='xenbr0'/>            <mac address='00:16:3e:49:1d:11'/>            <script path='vif-bridge'/>        </interface>        <graphics type='vnc' port='5900'/>        <console tty='/dev/pts/4'/>    </devices></domain>

使​用​配​置​文​件​创​建​客​户​端​

Guests can be created from XML configuration files. You can copy existing XML from previously created guests or use the dumpxml option (refer to 创​建​虚​拟​机​ XML 转​储​（配​置​文​件​）). To create a guest with virsh from an XML file:

# virsh create <span class="replaceable" style="color:#444444;"><code style="font-family:'liberation mono','bitstream vera mono','dejavu mono',monospace; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold">configuration_file.xml</code></span>

编​辑​客​户​端​配​置​文​件​

Instead of using the dumpxml option (refer to 创​建​虚​拟​机​ XML 转​储​（配​置​文​件​）) guests can be edited either while they run or while they are offline. The virsh edit command provides this functionality. For example, to edit the guest named softwaretesting:

# virsh edit <span class="parameter" style="font-style:italic"><code style="font-family:'liberation mono','bitstream vera mono','dejavu mono',monospace; font-weight:bold; display:inline; word-wrap:break-word">softwaretesting</code></span>

这​样​可​打​开​文​本​编​辑​器​。​默​认​文​本​编​辑​器​为​ $EDITOR shell 参​数​（默​认​将​其​设​定​为​ vi）。​

挂​起​客​户​端​

使​用​ virsh 挂​起​客​户​端​：

# virsh suspend <span class="parameter" style="font-style:italic"><code style="font-family:'liberation mono','bitstream vera mono','dejavu mono',monospace; font-weight:bold; display:inline; word-wrap:break-word">{domain-id, domain-name or domain-uuid}</code></span>

When a guest is in a suspended state, it consumes system RAM but not processor resources. Disk and network I/O does not occur while the guest is suspended. This operation is immediate and the guest can be restarted with theresume (恢​复​客​户​端​) option.

恢​复​客​户​端​

使​用​ virsh 的​ resume 选​项​恢​复​客​户​端​：

# virsh resume <span class="parameter" style="font-style:italic"><code style="font-family:'liberation mono','bitstream vera mono','dejavu mono',monospace; font-weight:bold; display:inline; word-wrap:break-word">{domain-id, domain-name or domain-uuid}</code></span>

这​个​操​作​是​立​即​生​效​的​，客​户​端​状​态​将​处​于​ suspend 和​ resume 的​循​环​中​。​

保​存​客​户​端​

使​用​ virsh 命​令​将​客​户​端​的​当​前​状​态​保​存​到​文​件​中​：

# virsh save <span class="parameter" style="font-style:italic"><code style="font-family:'liberation mono','bitstream vera mono','dejavu mono',monospace; font-weight:bold; display:inline; word-wrap:break-word">{domain-name, domain-id or domain-uuid} filename</code></span>

This stops the guest you specify and saves the data to a file, which may take some time given the amount of memory in use by your guest. You can restore the state of the guest with the restore (恢​复​客​户​端​) option. Save is similar to pause, instead of just pausing a guest the present state of the guest is saved.

恢​复​客​户​端​

Restore a guest previously saved with the virsh save command (保​存​客​户​端​) using virsh:

# virsh restore <span class="parameter" style="font-style:italic"><code style="font-family:'liberation mono','bitstream vera mono','dejavu mono',monospace; font-weight:bold; display:inline; word-wrap:break-word">filename</code></span>

这​个​命​令​重​新​启​动​了​保​存​的​客​户​端​，这​会​需​要​一​段​时​间​。​客​户​端​名​称​和​ UUID 都​会​被​保​留​，但​会​分​配​一​个​新​的​ id。​

关​闭​客​户​端​

使​用​ virsh 命​令​关​闭​客​户​端​：

# virsh shutdown <span class="parameter" style="font-style:italic"><code style="font-family:'liberation mono','bitstream vera mono','dejavu mono',monospace; font-weight:bold; display:inline; word-wrap:break-word">{domain-id, domain-name or domain-uuid}</code></span>

修​改​客​户​端​配​置​文​件​中​的​ on_shutdown 参​数​可​控​制​重​启​客​户​端​的​行​为​。​

重​新​启​动​客​户​端​

使​用​ virsh 重​启​客​户​端​：

#virsh reboot <span class="parameter" style="font-style:italic"><code style="font-family:'liberation mono','bitstream vera mono','dejavu mono',monospace; font-weight:bold; display:inline; word-wrap:break-word">{domain-id, domain-name or domain-uuid}</code></span>

修​改​客​户​端​配​置​文​件​中​的​ on_reboot 参​数​控​制​重​启​客​户​端​的​行​为​。​

强​制​客​户​端​停​止​

使​用​ virsh 强​制​客​户​端​停​止​：

# virsh destroy <span class="parameter" style="font-style:italic"><code style="font-family:'liberation mono','bitstream vera mono','dejavu mono',monospace; font-weight:bold; display:inline; word-wrap:break-word">{domain-id, domain-name or domain-uuid}</code></span>

This command does an immediate ungraceful shutdown and stops the specified guest. Using virsh destroy can corrupt guest file systems . Use the destroy option only when the guest is unresponsive. For para-virtualized guests, use the shutdown option(关​闭​客​户​端​) instead.

获​得​客​户​端​域​ ID

要​获​得​客​户​端​域​ ID：

# virsh domid <span class="parameter" style="font-style:italic"><code style="font-family:'liberation mono','bitstream vera mono','dejavu mono',monospace; font-weight:bold; display:inline; word-wrap:break-word">{domain-name or domain-uuid}</code></span>

获​得​客​户​端​域​名​称​

要​获​得​客​户​端​域​名​称​：

# virsh domname <span class="parameter" style="font-style:italic"><code style="font-family:'liberation mono','bitstream vera mono','dejavu mono',monospace; font-weight:bold; display:inline; word-wrap:break-word">{domain-id or domain-uuid}</code></span>

获​得​客​户​端​ UUID

要​获​得​客​户​端​全​局​唯​一​识​别​符​号​（UUID）：

# virsh domuuid <span class="replaceable" style="color:#444444;"><code style="font-family:'liberation mono','bitstream vera mono','dejavu mono',monospace; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold">{domain-id or domain-name}</code></span>

virsh domuuid 命​令​输​出​示​例​：

# virsh domuuid r5b2-mySQL014a4c59a7-ee3f-c781-96e4-288f2862f011

显​示​客​户​端​信​息​

使​用​带​客​户​端​域​ ID、​域​名​或​者​ UUID 的​ virsh 命​令​可​显​示​指​定​客​户​端​的​信​息​：

# virsh dominfo <span class="parameter" style="font-style:italic"><code style="font-family:'liberation mono','bitstream vera mono','dejavu mono',monospace; font-weight:bold; display:inline; word-wrap:break-word">{domain-id, domain-name or domain-uuid}</code></span>

以​下​是​ virsh dominfo 命​令​的​输​出​示​例​：

# virsh dominfo r5b2-mySQL01id:             13name:           r5b2-mysql01uuid:           4a4c59a7-ee3f-c781-96e4-288f2862f011os type:      linuxstate:          blockedcpu(s):         1cpu time:     11.0smax memory:     512000 kbused memory:    512000 kb

显​示​主​机​信​息​

要​显​示​主​机​信​息​：

# virsh nodeinfo

virsh nodeinfo 命​令​输​出​示​例​：

# virsh nodeinfoCPU model                    x86_64CPU (s)                      8CPU frequency                2895 MhzCPU socket(s)                2      Core(s) per socket           2Threads per core:            2Numa cell(s)                 1Memory size:                 1046528 kb

这​显​示​了​节​点​信​息​和​支​持​虚​拟​化​进​程​的​机​器​。​

显​示​客​户​端​

使​用​ virsh 显​示​客​户​端​列​表​以​及​当​前​状​态​：

# virsh list

其​它​可​用​选​项​包​括​：

--inactive 选​项​列​出​不​活​动​的​域​（已​经​被​定​义​但​目​前​不​活​动​的​域​），以​及​

--all 选​项​列​出​所​有​客​户​端​。​例​如​：

# virsh list --all Id Name                 State----------------------------------  0 Domain-0             running  1 Domain202            paused  2 Domain010            inactive  3 Domain9600           crashed

将​ virsh list 输​出​结​果​分​类​成​以​下​ 6 个​状​态​之​一​（如​下​）。​

• running 状​态​是​指​目​前​在​ CPU 中​活​跃​的​客​户​端​。​
• 列​为​ blocked 的​客​户​端​是​被​阻​断​的​，且​目​前​没​有​运​行​或​者​无​法​运​行​。​这​是​由​于​客​户​端​正​在​等​待​ I/O（传​统​的​等​待​状​态​）或​者​客​户​端​处​于​睡​眠​模​式​。​
• paused 状​态​列​出​暂​停​的​域​。​如​果​管​理​员​在​ virt-manager、​xm pause 或​者​ virsh suspend 中​使​用​ pause 标​记​就​会​出​现​这​种​状​态​。​当​客​户​端​处​于​暂​停​状​态​时​，它​仍​会​消​耗​内​存​和​其​它​资​源​，但​无​法​从​管​理​程​序​中​调​度​ CPU 资​源​。​
• shutdown 状​态​是​用​于​处​于​关​闭​过​程​中​的​客​户​端​。​向​该​客​户​端​发​送​关​闭​信​号​并​使​其​温​和​地​停​止​操​作​。​这​可​能​不​适​用​于​所​有​客​户​端​操​作​系​统​，有​些​操​作​系​统​对​这​些​信​号​没​有​响​应​。​
• 处​于​ dying 状​态​的​域​是​处​于​濒​死​状​态​，即​该​域​还​没​有​完​全​关​闭​或​者​崩​溃​。​
• 处​于​ crashed 状​态​的​客​户​端​是​在​运​行​时​失​败​且​无​法​再​运​行​。​这​个​状​态​只​在​将​客​户​端​配​置​为​崩​溃​时​不​重​启​时​出​现​。​

显​示​虚​拟​ CPU 信​息​

使​用​ virsh 显​示​客​户​端​中​虚​拟​ CPU 的​信​息​：

# virsh vcpuinfo <span class="replaceable" style="color:#444444;"><code style="font-family:'liberation mono','bitstream vera mono','dejavu mono',monospace; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold">{domain-id, domain-name or domain-uuid}</code></span>

virsh vcpuinfo 命​令​输​出​示​例​：

# virsh vcpuinfo r5b2-mySQL01VCPU:           0CPU:            0State:          blockedCPU time:       0.0sCPU Affinity:   yy

配​置​虚​拟​ CPU 亲​和​性​

使​用​物​理​ CPU 配​置​虚​拟​ CPU 的​亲​和​性​：

# virsh vcpupin <span class="replaceable" style="color:#444444;"><code style="font-family:'liberation mono','bitstream vera mono','dejavu mono',monospace; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold">{domain-id, domain-name or domain-uuid} vcpu, cpulist</code></span>

其​中​ vcpu 是​虚​拟​ VCPU 号​而​ cpulist 列​出​了​ CPU 的​物​理​序​号​。​

配​置​虚​拟​ CPU 计​数​

使​用​ virsh 修​改​分​配​给​客​户​端​的​ CPU 数​：

# virsh setvcpus <span class="parameter" style="font-style:italic"><code style="font-family:'liberation mono','bitstream vera mono','dejavu mono',monospace; font-weight:bold; display:inline; word-wrap:break-word">{domain-name, domain-id or domain-uuid} count</code></span>

新​ count 值​不​能​超​过​创​建​客​户​端​时​指​定​的​数​目​。​

配​置​内​存​分​配​

使​用​ virsh 修​改​客​户​端​内​存​分​配​：

# virsh setmem {domain-id or domain-name} count

您​必​须​以​ KB 为​单​位​指​定​ count。​新​ count 值​不​能​超​过​您​创​建​客​户​端​时​指​定​的​数​值​。​大​多​数​客​户​端​操​作​系​统​需​要​不​低​于​ 64MB 的​值​。​较​高​的​最​大​内​存​值​不​会​影​响​活​跃​的​客​户​端​，除​非​新​值​较​小​，这​会​降​低​可​用​内​存​量​。​

显​示​客​户​端​块​设​备​信​息​

使​用​ virsh domblkstat 显​示​运​行​的​客​户​端​的​块​设​备​统​计​。​

# virsh domblkstat <span class="replaceable" style="color:#444444;"><code style="font-family:'liberation mono','bitstream vera mono','dejavu mono',monospace; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold">GuestName block-device</code></span>

显​示​客​户​端​网​络​设​备​信​息​

virsh domifstat 为​运​行​的​客​户​端​显​示​网​络​接​口​统​计​。​

# virsh domifstat <span class="replaceable" style="color:#444444;"><code style="font-family:'liberation mono','bitstream vera mono','dejavu mono',monospace; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold">GuestName interface-device </code></span>

使​用​ virsh 迁​移​客​户​端​

可​使​用​ virsh 将​某​个​客​户​端​迁​移​到​另​一​台​主​机​中​。​将​域​迁​移​到​另​一​台​主​机​中​。​添​加​ --live 进​行​实​时​迁​移​。​migrate 命​令​接​受​以​下​格​式​的​参​数​：

# virsh migrate --live <span class="parameter" style="font-style:italic"><code style="font-family:'liberation mono','bitstream vera mono','dejavu mono',monospace; font-weight:bold; display:inline; word-wrap:break-word">GuestName DestinationURL</code></span>

--live 参​数​是​可​选​的​。​实​时​迁​移​需​要​添​加​ --live 参​数​。​

The GuestName parameter represents the name of the guest which you want to migrate.

The DestinationURL parameter is the URL or hostname of the destination system. The destination system must run the same version of Fedora, be using the same hypervisor and have libvirt running.

Once the command is entered you will be prompted for the root password of the destination system.

管​理​虚​拟​网​络​

这​部​分​包​括​使​用​ virsh 管​理​虚​拟​网​络​。​要​列​出​虚​拟​网​络​：

# virsh net-list

这​个​命​令​产​生​的​输​出​类​似​如​下​：

# virsh net-listName                 State      Autostart-----------------------------------------default              active     yes      vnet1             active     yes      vnet2             active     yes

要​查​看​某​一​特​定​虚​拟​网​络​的​信​息​：

# virsh net-dumpxml <span class="replaceable" style="color:#444444;"><code style="font-family:'liberation mono','bitstream vera mono','dejavu mono',monospace; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold">NetworkName</code></span>

这​以​ XML 格​式​显​示​指​定​虚​拟​网​络​的​信​息​：

# virsh net-dumpxml vnet1<network>  <name>vnet1</name>  <uuid>98361b46-1581-acb7-1643-85a412626e70</uuid>  <forward dev='eth0'/>  <bridge name='vnet0' stp='on' forwardDelay='0' />  <ip address='192.168.100.1' netmask='255.255.255.0'>    <dhcp>      <range start='192.168.100.128' end='192.168.100.254' />    </dhcp>  </ip></network>

其​它​用​来​管​理​虚​拟​网​络​的​ virsh 命​令​：

• virsh net-autostart network-name — 自​动​启​动​指​定​为​ network-name 的​网​络​。​
• virsh net-create XMLfile — 使​用​现​有​ XML 文​件​创​建​并​启​动​新​网​络​。​
• virsh net-define XMLfile — 使​用​现​有​ XML 文​件​创​建​新​网​络​设​备​但​不​启​动​。​
• virsh net-destroy network-name — 销​毁​指​定​为​ network-name 的​网​络​。​
• virsh net-name networkUUID — 将​指​定​的​ networkUUID 转​换​为​网​络​名​称​。​
• virsh net-uuid network-name — 将​指​定​的​ network-name 转​换​为​网​络​ UUID。​
• virsh net-start nameOfInactiveNetwork — 启​动​不​活​跃​的​网​络​。​
• virsh net-undefine nameOfInactiveNetwork — 删​除​不​活​跃​网​络​的​定​义​。​