Spring-Configuration-运用注解配置bean

   一般对spring比较熟悉得使用xml来注入bean，spring3之后注解则越来越丰富   特别最近使用spring-boot，集成了spring和tomcat等容器，减少了application.xml和web.xml的配置   所以bean的注入都移到了Configuration的class中。

复杂问题简单化：Configuration和xml的配置文件的各属性可一一对应，下面列几个注解本次有用到过的，应该也就是常用的了。

• @Configuration：表示这个class需要spring启动时做配置
• @ComponentScan：此配置上下文需要扫描的package，类似于xml中的配置

<context:component-scan base-package="com.biz.dao.**.*"/>

• @ImportAutoConfiguration(MyBatisConfig.class)：引入其他配置的资源，类似于xml中的配置

 <import resource="classpath:biz-context.xml"/>

• @Autowired @Resource：在configuration中自动引入bean，此bean应满足三个条件：
  
  • 类定义中有注解@Component：表示是spring扫描时可装载为bean
  • 此configuration中扫描包含此类
  • 此类中入有@Autowired @Resource的bean需同样满足以上两个条件
    类似于xml中的ref属性，例如：

<bean id="logMessage" class="com.***.LogMessage"/><bean id="messageFactory" class="com.**.MessageFactoryImpl">     <property name="messageMap">        <map>           <ref key="log" value-ref="logMessage"/>        </map>     </property></bean>

• @AutoConfigureAfter(MyBatisConfig.class)：表示在MyBatisConfig.class配置完成后加载此配置项
• @AutoConfigureOrder：设定加载顺序，实际操作貌似没啥用
• @EnableTransactionManagement
• @ConfigurationProperties(prefix=”datasource”)：spring-boot中用到的，在application.yml中可指定此配置文件的属性，以prefix中指定的datasource为识别key，例如：

class定义：

@Component@ConfigurationProperties(prefix="datasource")public class DataBaseConfig {    private String url;    private String username;    private String password;    //get set方法省略}

application.yml

datasource:  name: datasource  initialize: false  url: jdbc:log4jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/es_test?zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF8  username: root  password: **************  driverClassName: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

PS：这种场景类似于xml中注入一个bean，bean属性均为常量的情况，例如：

<bean id="datasource" class="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver">    <property name="url" value="127.0.0.1"/>    <property name="username" value="root"/>    <property name="password" value="*****"/></bean>

最后举个栗子：

• 首先需要配置数据库

@ComponentScan({ "com.***.conf"})@Configuration@EnableTransactionManagementpublic class MyBatisConfig implements TransactionManagementConfigurer {    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyBatisConfig.class);    @Autowired    DataBaseConfig dataConfig;    @Bean    public Filter statFilter() {        StatFilter statFilter = new StatFilter();        statFilter.setSlowSqlMillis(5000);        statFilter.setLogSlowSql(true);        statFilter.setMergeSql(true);        return statFilter;    }    @Bean    public Filter logFilter() {        Slf4jLogFilter filter = new Slf4jLogFilter();        filter.setStatementExecutableSqlLogEnable(true);        return filter;    }    @Bean(destroyMethod = "close", initMethod = "init")    public DataSource dataSource() {        DruidDataSource dataSource = new DruidDataSource();        dataSource.setUrl(dataConfig.getUrl());        dataSource.setUsername(dataConfig.getUsername());        dataSource.setPassword(dataConfig.getPassword());        dataSource.setDriverClassName("net.sf.log4jdbc.sql.jdbcapi.DriverSpy");        dataSource.setMaxActive(100);        dataSource.setMinIdle(50);        dataSource.setInitialSize(2);        dataSource.setMaxWait(500);        dataSource.setProxyFilters(Lists.<Filter>newArrayList(statFilter(),logFilter()));        return dataSource;    }    @Bean(name = "sqlSessionFactory")    public SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactoryBean(DataSource dataSource) {        SqlSessionFactoryBean bean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();        bean.setDataSource(dataSource);        // 分页插件        PageHelper pageHelper = new PageHelper();        Properties properties = new Properties();        properties.setProperty("reasonable", "true");        properties.setProperty("supportMethodsArguments", "true");        properties.setProperty("returnPageInfo", "check");        properties.setProperty("params", "count=countSql");        properties.setProperty("dialect", "mysql");        properties.setProperty("offsetAsPageNum", "true");        pageHelper.setProperties(properties);        // 添加插件        bean.setPlugins(new Interceptor[] { pageHelper });        Properties configurationProperties = new Properties();        configurationProperties.setProperty("cacheEnabled", "true");        configurationProperties.setProperty("lazyLoadingEnabled", "true");        configurationProperties.setProperty("multipleResultSetsEnabled", "true");        configurationProperties.setProperty("useColumnLabel", "true");        configurationProperties.setProperty("mapUnderscoreToCamelCase", "true");        configurationProperties.setProperty("defaultExecutorType", "REUSE");        configurationProperties.setProperty("defaultStatementTimeout", "25000");        // 添加XML目录        ResourcePatternResolver resolver = new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver();        try {            bean.setConfigurationProperties(configurationProperties);            bean.setMapperLocations(resolver.getResources("classpath:mapper/*.xml"));            return bean.getObject();        } catch (Exception e) {            log.error("[MyBatisConfig-sqlSessionFactoryBean]error", e);            throw new RuntimeException(e);        }    }    @Bean    public SqlSessionTemplate sqlSessionTemplate(SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory) {        return new SqlSessionTemplate(sqlSessionFactory);    }    @Bean    @Override    public PlatformTransactionManager annotationDrivenTransactionManager() {        return new DataSourceTransactionManager(dataSource());    }}

• 然后配置各种bean

@ComponentScan({"com.**.message","com.**.service.*","com.**.dao.*"})@Configuration@ImportAutoConfiguration(MyBatisConfig.class)public class BeanConfig {    @Autowired    LogMessage logMessage;//只有ComponentScan过的bean才能在这里自动绑定    @Bean(name = "messageFactory")    public MessageFactory messageFactoryBean(){        MessageFactoryImpl factory = new MessageFactoryImpl();        Map<MessageType,CommunicateMessage> map = Maps.newHashMap();        map.put(MessageType.LOG_MESSAGE,logMessage);        factory.setMessageMap(map);        return factory;    }}

总结：配置时遇到了一些问题，例如@Autowire后编译错误（是因为没有@ComponentScan相应的包），网上资料说破坏了加载顺序什么的要定义为static，定义为static后注入bean始终为null（当然了，只是初始化占了一个static位置而已，并未真正注入）。这些问题归根到底是因为不了解@Configuration的加载原理。总之，了解了spring加载顺序，理解@Configuration的class和xml配置文件一一对应，另外了解各注解使用方法即可顺当地做配置~(≧▽≦)/~啦啦啦