linux内核驱动 TI OMAP类处理器的LED所涉及到设备树汇整

样例截取自linux4.1.13中，与设备树有关BeagleBone Black 的部分代码,

1、 定位GPIO控制器在处理的外围地址：

GPIO0 内存映射：

GPIO1 内存映射：

GPIO2、GPIO3 内存映射：

2、CONTROL_MODULE控制模式的寄存器位置：

3、引脚复用地址：

4、 Linux设备树对上述GPIO映射的实现如下：

    / {      compatible = "ti,am33xx";      interrupt-parent = <&intc>;      ocp {        compatible = "simple-bus";        #address-cells = <1>;        #size-cells = <1>;        ranges;        ti,hwmods = "l3_main";        gpio0: gpio@44e07000 {            compatible = "ti,omap4-gpio";            ti,hwmods = "gpio1";            gpio-controller;            #gpio-cells = <2>;            interrupt-controller;            #interrupt-cells = <2>;            reg = <0x44e07000 0x1000>;            interrupts = <96>;        };        gpio1: gpio@4804c000 {            compatible = "ti,omap4-gpio";            ti,hwmods = "gpio2";            gpio-controller;            #gpio-cells = <2>;            interrupt-controller;            #interrupt-cells = <2>;            reg = <0x4804c000 0x1000>;            interrupts = <98>;        };        gpio2: gpio@481ac000 {            compatible = "ti,omap4-gpio";            ti,hwmods = "gpio3";            gpio-controller;            #gpio-cells = <2>;            interrupt-controller;            #interrupt-cells = <2>;            reg = <0x481ac000 0x1000>;            interrupts = <32>;        };        gpio3: gpio@481ae000 {            compatible = "ti,omap4-gpio";            ti,hwmods = "gpio4";            gpio-controller;            #gpio-cells = <2>;            interrupt-controller;            #interrupt-cells = <2>;            reg = <0x481ae000 0x1000>;            interrupts = <62>;        };      }; }： 

5、控制模式器和引脚复用内存映射

ocp {        compatible = "simple-bus";        #address-cells = <1>;        #size-cells = <1>;        ranges;        ti,hwmods = "l3_main";        l4_wkup: l4_wkup@44c00000 {            compatible = "ti,am3-l4-wkup", "simple-bus";            #address-cells = <1>;            #size-cells = <1>;            ranges = <0 0x44c00000 0x280000>;                scm: scm@210000 {                compatible = "ti,am3-scm", "simple-bus";                reg = <0x210000 0x2000>;                #address-cells = <1>;                #size-cells = <1>;                ranges = <0 0x210000 0x2000>;/**计算下 控制模式的地址 = 0x44c00000+0x210000=0x44E1000*引脚复用地址=0x44E1000+0x800 = 0x44E10800*/                am33xx_pinmux: pinmux@800 {                    compatible = "pinctrl-single";                    reg = <0x800 0x238>;                    #address-cells = <1>;                    #size-cells = <0>;                    pinctrl-single,register-width = <32>;                    pinctrl-single,function-mask = <0x7f>;                };           };  };

6、开启处理器的内部引脚复用、上下拉等属性有关的CONTROL_MODULE：

TI的处理器有专门的控制器模式，用于设置IO属性。处理器的部分引脚有复用功能，必须记得设置引脚复用单元，此处开启的是beaglebone black上的4个usr led，其详细的引脚位置不贴出了，请查阅相关手册。

&am33xx_pinmux {    pinctrl-names = "default";    pinctrl-0 = <&clkout2_pin>;    user_leds_s0: user_leds_s0 {        pinctrl-single,pins = <            0x54 (PIN_OUTPUT_PULLDOWN | MUX_MODE7)    /* gpmc_a5.gpio1_21 */            0x58 (PIN_OUTPUT_PULLUP | MUX_MODE7)    /* gpmc_a6.gpio1_22 */            0x5c (PIN_OUTPUT_PULLDOWN | MUX_MODE7)    /* gpmc_a7.gpio1_23 */            0x60 (PIN_OUTPUT_PULLUP | MUX_MODE7)    /* gpmc_a8.gpio1_24 */     >;   }}

7、linux内核与驱动LED有关的设备树实现：  

/{leds {        pinctrl-names = "default";        pinctrl-0 = <&user_leds_s0>;        compatible = "gpio-leds";        led@2 {            label = "beaglebone:green:heartbeat";            gpios = <&gpio1 21 GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH>;            linux,default-trigger = "heartbeat";            default-state = "off";        };        led@3 {            label = "beaglebone:green:mmc0";            gpios = <&gpio1 22 GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH>;            linux,default-trigger = "mmc0";            default-state = "off";        };        led@4 {            label = "beaglebone:green:usr2";            gpios = <&gpio1 23 GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH>;            linux,default-trigger = "cpu0";            default-state = "off";        };        led@5 {            label = "beaglebone:green:usr3";            gpios = <&gpio1 24 GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH>;            linux,default-trigger = "mmc1";            default-state = "off";        };}

8、 TI处理器有关的linux内核对有关的gpio、pinctrl-single、gpio-leds的设备树属性定义的描述：

8.1 ti， omap2-gpio 属性描述，摘自内核的目录下的/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/gpio/gpio-omap.txt

OMAP GPIO controller bindingsRequired properties:- compatible:  - "ti,omap2-gpio" for OMAP2 controllers  - "ti,omap3-gpio" for OMAP3 controllers  - "ti,omap4-gpio" for OMAP4 controllers- gpio-controller : Marks the device node as a GPIO controller.- #gpio-cells : Should be two.  - first cell is the pin number  - second cell is used to specify optional parameters (unused)- interrupt-controller: Mark the device node as an interrupt controller.- #interrupt-cells : Should be 2.  The first cell is the GPIO number.  The second cell is used to specify flags:    bits[3:0] trigger type and level flags:      1 = low-to-high edge triggered.      2 = high-to-low edge triggered.      4 = active high level-sensitive.      8 = active low level-sensitive.OMAP specific properties:- ti,hwmods:        Name of the hwmod associated to the GPIO:            "gpio<X>", <X> being the 1-based instance number            from the HW spec.- ti,gpio-always-on:     Indicates if a GPIO bank is always powered and            so will never lose its logic state.Example:gpio4: gpio4 {    compatible = "ti,omap4-gpio";    ti,hwmods = "gpio4";    gpio-controller;    #gpio-cells = <2>;    interrupt-controller;    #interrupt-cells = <2>;};

8.2 pinctrl-single，摘自内核的目录下的/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/pinctrl/pinctrl-single.txt

One-register-per-pin type device tree based pinctrl driverRequired properties:- compatible : "pinctrl-single" or "pinconf-single".  "pinctrl-single" means that pinconf isn't supported.  "pinconf-single" means that generic pinconf is supported.- reg : offset and length of the register set for the mux registers- pinctrl-single,register-width : pinmux register access width in bits- pinctrl-single,function-mask : mask of allowed pinmux function bits  in the pinmux registerOptional properties:- pinctrl-single,function-off : function off mode for disabled state if  available and same for all registers; if not specified, disabling of  pin functions is ignored- pinctrl-single,bit-per-mux : boolean to indicate that one register controls  more than one pin, for which "pinctrl-single,function-mask" property specifies position mask of pin.- pinctrl-single,drive-strength : array of value that are used to configure  drive strength in the pinmux register. They're value of drive strength  current and drive strength mask./* drive strength current, mask */pinctrl-single,power-source = <0x30 0xf0>;- pinctrl-single,bias-pullup : array of value that are used to configure the  input bias pullup in the pinmux register./* input, enabled pullup bits, disabled pullup bits, mask */pinctrl-single,bias-pullup = <0 1 0 1>;- pinctrl-single,bias-pulldown : array of value that are used to configure the  input bias pulldown in the pinmux register./* input, enabled pulldown bits, disabled pulldown bits, mask */pinctrl-single,bias-pulldown = <2 2 0 2>;  * Two bits to control input bias pullup and pulldown: User should use    pinctrl-single,bias-pullup & pinctrl-single,bias-pulldown. One bit means    pullup, and the other one bit means pulldown.  * Three bits to control input bias enable, pullup and pulldown. User should    use pinctrl-single,bias-pullup & pinctrl-single,bias-pulldown. Input bias    enable bit should be included in pullup or pulldown bits.  * Although driver could set PIN_CONFIG_BIAS_DISABLE, there's no property as    pinctrl-single,bias-disable. Because pinctrl single driver could implement    it by calling pulldown, pullup disabled.- pinctrl-single,input-schmitt : array of value that are used to configure  input schmitt in the pinmux register. In some silicons, there're two input  schmitt value (rising-edge & falling-edge) in the pinmux register./* input schmitt value, mask */pinctrl-single,input-schmitt = <0x30 0x70>;- pinctrl-single,input-schmitt-enable : array of value that are used to  configure input schmitt enable or disable in the pinmux register./* input, enable bits, disable bits, mask */pinctrl-single,input-schmitt-enable = <0x30 0x40 0 0x70>;- pinctrl-single,low-power-mode : array of value that are used to configure  low power mode of this pin. For some silicons, the low power mode will  control the output of the pin when the pad including the pin enter low  power mode./* low power mode value, mask */pinctrl-single,low-power-mode = <0x288 0x388>;- pinctrl-single,gpio-range : list of value that are used to configure a GPIO  range. They're value of subnode phandle, pin base in pinctrl device, pin  number in this range, GPIO function value of this GPIO range.  The number of parameters is depend on #pinctrl-single,gpio-range-cells  property./* pin base, nr pins & gpio function */pinctrl-single,gpio-range = <&range 0 3 0 &range 3 9 1>;- interrupt-controller : standard interrupt controller binding if using  interrupts for wake-up events for example. In this case pinctrl-single  is set up as a chained interrupt controller and the wake-up interrupts  can be requested by the drivers using request_irq().- #interrupt-cells : standard interrupt binding if using interruptsThis driver assumes that there is only one register for each pin (unless thepinctrl-single,bit-per-mux is set), and uses the common pinctrl bindings asspecified in the pinctrl-bindings.txt document in this directory.The pin configuration nodes for pinctrl-single are specified as pinctrlregister offset and value pairs using pinctrl-single,pins. Only the bitsspecified in pinctrl-single,function-mask are updated. For example, settinga pin for a device could be done with:pinctrl-single,pins = <0xdc 0x118>;Where 0xdc is the offset from the pinctrl register base address for thedevice pinctrl register, and 0x118 contains the desired value of thepinctrl register. See the device example and static board pins examplebelow for more information.In case when one register changes more than one pin's mux thepinctrl-single,bits need to be used which takes three parameters:pinctrl-single,bits = <0xdc 0x18 0xff>;Where 0xdc is the offset from the pinctrl register base address for thedevice pinctrl register, 0x18 is the desired value, and 0xff is the sub mask tobe used when applying this change to the register.Optional sub-node: In case some pins could be configured as GPIO in the pinmuxregister, those pins could be defined as a GPIO range. This sub-node is requiredby pinctrl-single,gpio-range property.Required properties in sub-node:- #pinctrl-single,gpio-range-cells : the number of parameters after phandle in  pinctrl-single,gpio-range property.range: gpio-range {#pinctrl-single,gpio-range-cells = <3>;};Example:/* SoC common file *//* first controller instance for pins in core domain */pmx_core: pinmux@4a100040 {compatible = "pinctrl-single";reg = <0x4a100040 0x0196>;#address-cells = <1>;#size-cells = <0>;#interrupt-cells = <1>;interrupt-controller;pinctrl-single,register-width = <16>;pinctrl-single,function-mask = <0xffff>;};/* second controller instance for pins in wkup domain */pmx_wkup: pinmux@4a31e040 {compatible = "pinctrl-single";reg = <0x4a31e040 0x0038>;#address-cells = <1>;#size-cells = <0>;#interrupt-cells = <1>;interrupt-controller;pinctrl-single,register-width = <16>;pinctrl-single,function-mask = <0xffff>;};control_devconf0: pinmux@48002274 {compatible = "pinctrl-single";reg = <0x48002274 4>;/* Single register */#address-cells = <1>;#size-cells = <0>;pinctrl-single,bit-per-mux;pinctrl-single,register-width = <32>;pinctrl-single,function-mask = <0x5F>;};/* third controller instance for pins in gpio domain */pmx_gpio: pinmux@d401e000 {compatible = "pinconf-single";reg = <0xd401e000 0x0330>;#address-cells = <1>;#size-cells = <1>;ranges;pinctrl-single,register-width = <32>;pinctrl-single,function-mask = <7>;/* sparse GPIO range could be supported */pinctrl-single,gpio-range = <&range 0 3 0 &range 3 9 1&range 12 1 0 &range 13 29 1&range 43 1 0 &range 44 49 1&range 94 1 1 &range 96 2 1>;range: gpio-range {#pinctrl-single,gpio-range-cells = <3>;};};/* board specific .dts file */&pmx_core {/* * map all board specific static pins enabled by the pinctrl driver * itself during the boot (or just set them up in the bootloader) */pinctrl-names = "default";pinctrl-0 = <&board_pins>;board_pins: pinmux_board_pins {pinctrl-single,pins = <0x6c 0xf0x6e 0xf0x70 0xf0x72 0xf>;};uart0_pins: pinmux_uart0_pins {pinctrl-single,pins = <0x208 0/* UART0_RXD (IOCFG138) */0x20c 0/* UART0_TXD (IOCFG139) */>;pinctrl-single,bias-pulldown = <0 2 2>;pinctrl-single,bias-pullup = <0 1 1>;};/* map uart2 pins */uart2_pins: pinmux_uart2_pins {pinctrl-single,pins = <0xd8 0x1180xda 00xdc 0x1180xde 0>;};};&control_devconf0 {mcbsp1_pins: pinmux_mcbsp1_pins {pinctrl-single,bits = <0x00 0x18 0x18 /* FSR/CLKR signal from FSX/CLKX pin */>;};mcbsp2_clks_pins: pinmux_mcbsp2_clks_pins {pinctrl-single,bits = <0x00 0x40 0x40 /* McBSP2 CLKS from McBSP_CLKS pin */>;};};&uart1 {       pinctrl-names = "default";       pinctrl-0 = <&uart0_pins>;};&uart2 {       pinctrl-names = "default";       pinctrl-0 = <&uart2_pins>;};

8.3 gpio-leds，摘自内核的目录下的/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/leds/txtleds-gpio.txt

LEDs connected to GPIO linesRequired properties:- compatible : should be "gpio-leds".Each LED is represented as a sub-node of the gpio-leds device.  Eachnode's name represents the name of the corresponding LED.LED sub-node properties:- gpios :  Should specify the LED's GPIO, see "gpios property" in  Documentation/devicetree/bindings/gpio/gpio.txt.  Active low LEDs should be  indicated using flags in the GPIO specifier.- label :  (optional)  see Documentation/devicetree/bindings/leds/common.txt- linux,default-trigger :  (optional)  see Documentation/devicetree/bindings/leds/common.txt- default-state:  (optional) The initial state of the LED.  Valid  values are "on", "off", and "keep".  If the LED is already on or off  and the default-state property is set the to same value, then no  glitch should be produced where the LED momentarily turns off (or  on).  The "keep" setting will keep the LED at whatever its current  state is, without producing a glitch.  The default is off if this  property is not present.- retain-state-suspended: (optional) The suspend state can be retained.Such  as charge-led gpio.Examples:#include <dt-bindings/gpio/gpio.h>leds {    compatible = "gpio-leds";    hdd {        label = "IDE Activity";        gpios = <&mcu_pio 0 GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW>;        linux,default-trigger = "ide-disk";    };    fault {        gpios = <&mcu_pio 1 GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH>;        /* Keep LED on if BIOS detected hardware fault */        default-state = "keep";    };};run-control {    compatible = "gpio-leds";    red {        gpios = <&mpc8572 6 GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH>;        default-state = "off";    };    green {        gpios = <&mpc8572 7 GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH>;        default-state = "on";    };};leds {    compatible = "gpio-leds";    charger-led {        gpios = <&gpio1 2 GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH>;        linux,default-trigger = "max8903-charger-charging";        retain-state-suspended;    };};

Documentation/devicetree/bindings/leds/common.txt

Common leds properties.LED and flash LED devices provide the same basic functionality as currentregulators, but extended with LED and flash LED specific features likeblinking patterns, flash timeout, flash faults and external flash strobe mode.Many LED devices expose more than one current output that can be connectedto one or more discrete LED component. Since the arrangement of connectionscan influence the way of the LED device initialization, the LED componentshave to be tightly coupled with the LED device binding. They are representedby child nodes of the parent LED device binding.Optional properties for child nodes:- led-sources : List of device current outputs the LED is connected to. The        outputs are identified by the numbers that must be defined        in the LED device binding documentation.- label : The label for this LED. If omitted, the label is taken from the node      name (excluding the unit address). It has to uniquely identify      a device, i.e. no other LED class device can be assigned the same      label.- linux,default-trigger :  This parameter, if present, is a    string defining the trigger assigned to the LED.  Current triggers are:     "backlight" - LED will act as a back-light, controlled by the framebuffer           system     "default-on" - LED will turn on (but for leds-gpio see "default-state"            property in Documentation/devicetree/bindings/gpio/led.txt)     "heartbeat" - LED "double" flashes at a load average based rate     "ide-disk" - LED indicates disk activity     "timer" - LED flashes at a fixed, configurable rate- max-microamp : maximum intensity in microamperes of the LED         (torch LED for flash devices)- flash-max-microamp : maximum intensity in microamperes of the                       flash LED; it is mandatory if the LED should               support the flash mode- flash-timeout-us : timeout in microseconds after which the flash                     LED is turned offExamples:system-status {    label = "Status";    linux,default-trigger = "heartbeat";    ...};camera-flash {    label = "Flash";    led-sources = <0>, <1>;    max-microamp = <50000>;    flash-max-microamp = <320000>;    flash-timeout-us = <500000>;};

9.总结：

开发一个led的驱动，实质涉及就两大块：其一就是硬件底层有关的实现，其二就是调用硬件底层来实现用户功能（低级用户功能）。

本例在硬件底层中，涉及的主要是gpio控制、控制模式的引脚复用，而要使她们能正常工作，又需要加载相应的驱动模块，而设备树的“compatible”为其找寻相应的驱动提供了路径，

led用户层的功能的驱动就要劳驾“gpio-leds” --compatible 属性来实现。

参考：

1、AM335x ARM ® CortexTM-A8 Microprocessors (MPUs) Technical Reference Manual

2、 linux4.1.13

备注：

1。 20160206, wiwa 完成初稿