http接口自动化测试框架实现



一、测试需求描述

对服务后台一系列的http接口功能测试。

输入：根据接口描述构造不同的参数输入值

输出：XML文件

eg：http://www.***.com/shoes_product/test/nike_list.jsp?listid=1

二、实现方法

1、选用Python脚本来驱动测试

2、采用Excel表格管理测试数据，包括用例的管理、测试数据录入、测试结果显示等等，这个需要封装一个Excel的类即可。

3、调用http接口采用Python封装好的API即可

4、测试需要的http组装字符转处理即可

5、设置2个检查点，XML文件中的返回值字段（通过解析XML得到）；XML文件的正确性（文件对比）

6、首次执行测试采用半自动化的方式，即人工检查输出的XML文件是否正确，一旦正确将封存XML文件，为后续回归测试的预期结果，如果发现错误手工修正为预期文件。（注意不是每次测试都人工检查该文件，只首次测试的时候才检查）

三、Excel表格样式

四、实现代码

1、测试框架代码

view plaincopy to clipboardprint? #****************************************************************  # TestFrame.py  # Author : Anndy # Version : 1.1.1  # Description: 自动化测试平台 #**************************************************************** import os,sys, urllib, httplib, profile, datetime, time  from xml2dict import XML2Dict  import win32com.client  from win32com.client import Dispatch  import xml.etree.ElementTree as et  #import MySQLdb  #Excel表格中测试结果底色  OK_COLOR=0xffffff  NG_COLOR=0xff  #NT_COLOR=0xffff  NT_COLOR=0xC0C0C0  #Excel表格中测试结果汇总显示位置  TESTTIME=[1, 14]  TESTRESULT=[2, 14]  #Excel模版设置  #self.titleindex=3 #Excel中测试用例标题行索引  #self.casebegin =4 #Excel中测试用例开始行索引  #self.argbegin =3 #Excel中参数开始列索引  #self.argcount =8 #Excel中支持的参数个数  class create_excel:  def __init__(self, sFile, dtitleindex=3, dcasebegin=4, dargbegin=3, dargcount=8):  self.xlApp = win32com.client.Dispatch('et.Application') #MS:Excel WPS:et  try:  self.book = self.xlApp.Workbooks.Open(sFile)  except:  print_error_info()  print "打开文件失败"  exit()  self.file=sFile  self.titleindex=dtitleindex  self.casebegin=dcasebegin  self.argbegin=dargbegin  self.argcount=dargcount  self.allresult=[]  self.retCol=self.argbegin+self.argcount  self.xmlCol=self.retCol+1  self.resultCol=self.xmlCol+1  def close(self):  #self.book.Close(SaveChanges=0)  self.book.Save()  self.book.Close()  #self.xlApp.Quit()  del self.xlApp  def read_data(self, iSheet, iRow, iCol):  try:  sht = self.book.Worksheets(iSheet)  sValue=str(sht.Cells(iRow, iCol).Value)  except:  self.close()  print('读取数据失败')  exit()  #去除'.0'  if sValue[-2:]=='.0':  sValue = sValue[0:-2]  return sValue  def write_data(self, iSheet, iRow, iCol, sData, color=OK_COLOR):  try:  sht = self.book.Worksheets(iSheet)  sht.Cells(iRow, iCol).Value = sData.decode("utf-8")  sht.Cells(iRow, iCol).Interior.Color=color  self.book.Save()  except:  self.close()  print('写入数据失败')  exit()  #获取用例个数  def get_ncase(self, iSheet):  try:  return self.get_nrows(iSheet)-self.casebegin+1  except:  self.close()  print('获取Case个数失败')  exit()  def get_nrows(self, iSheet):  try:  sht = self.book.Worksheets(iSheet)  return sht.UsedRange.Rows.Count  except:  self.close()  print('获取nrows失败')  exit() 

 def get_ncols(self, iSheet):  try:  sht = self.book.Worksheets(iSheet)  return sht.UsedRange.Columns.Count  except:  self.close()  print('获取ncols失败')  exit()  def del_testrecord(self, suiteid):  try:  #为提升性能特别从For循环提取出来  nrows=self.get_nrows(suiteid)+1  ncols=self.get_ncols(suiteid)+1  begincol=self.argbegin+self.argcount  #提升性能  sht = self.book.Worksheets(suiteid)  for row in range(self.casebegin, nrows):  for col in range(begincol, ncols):  str=self.read_data(suiteid, row, col)  #清除实际结果[]  startpos = str.find('[')  if startpos>0:  str = str[0:startpos].strip()  self.write_data(suiteid, row, col, str, OK_COLOR)  else:  #提升性能  sht.Cells(row, col).Interior.Color = OK_COLOR  #清除TestResul列中的测试结果，设置为NT  self.write_data(suiteid, row, self.argbegin+self.argcount+1, ' ', OK_COLOR)  self.write_data(suiteid, row, self.resultCol, 'NT', NT_COLOR)  except:  self.close()  print('清除数据失败')  exit()  #执行调用  def HTTPInvoke(IPPort, url):  conn = httplib.HTTPConnection(IPPort)  conn.request("GET", url)  rsps = conn.getresponse()  data = rsps.read()  conn.close()  return data  #获取用例基本信息[Interface,argcount,[ArgNameList]]  def get_caseinfo(Data, SuiteID):  caseinfolist=[]  sInterface=Data.read_data(SuiteID, 1, 2)  argcount=int(Data.read_data(SuiteID, 2, 2))  #获取参数名存入ArgNameList  ArgNameList=[]  for i in range(0, argcount):  ArgNameList.append(Data.read_data(SuiteID, Data.titleindex, Data.argbegin+i))  caseinfolist.append(sInterface)  caseinfolist.append(argcount)  caseinfolist.append(ArgNameList)  return caseinfolist  #获取输入  def get_input(Data, SuiteID, CaseID, caseinfolist):  sArge=''  #参数组合  for j in range(0, caseinfolist[1]):  if Data.read_data(SuiteID, Data.casebegin+CaseID, Data.argbegin+j) != "None":  sArge=sArge+caseinfolist[2][j]+'='+Data.read_data(SuiteID, Data.casebegin+CaseID, Data.argbegin+j)+'&'  #去掉结尾的&字符  if sArge[-1:]=='&':  sArge = sArge[0:-1]  sInput=caseinfolist[0]+sArge #组合全部参数  return sInput 1. #结果判断  2.def assert_result(sReal, sExpect):  3.sReal=str(sReal)  4.sExpect=str(sExpect)  5.if sReal==sExpect:  6.return 'OK'  7.else:  8.return 'NG'

 #将测试结果写入文件  def write_result(Data, SuiteId, CaseId, resultcol, *result):  if len(result)>1:  ret='OK'  for i in range(0, len(result)):  if result[i]=='NG':  ret='NG'  break  if ret=='NG':  Data.write_data(SuiteId, Data.casebegin+CaseId, resultcol,ret, NG_COLOR)  else:  Data.write_data(SuiteId, Data.casebegin+CaseId, resultcol,ret, OK_COLOR)  Data.allresult.append(ret)  else:  if result[0]=='NG':  Data.write_data(SuiteId, Data.casebegin+CaseId, resultcol,result[0], NG_COLOR)  elif result[0]=='OK':  Data.write_data(SuiteId, Data.casebegin+CaseId, resultcol,result[0], OK_COLOR)  else: #NT  Data.write_data(SuiteId, Data.casebegin+CaseId, resultcol,result[0], NT_COLOR)  Data.allresult.append(result[0])  #将当前结果立即打印  print 'case'+str(CaseId+1)+':', Data.allresult[-1]  #打印测试结果  def statisticresult(excelobj):  allresultlist=excelobj.allresult  count=[0, 0, 0]  for i in range(0, len(allresultlist)):  #print 'case'+str(i+1)+':', allresultlist[i]  count=countflag(allresultlist[i],count[0], count[1], count[2])  print 'Statistic result as follow:'  print 'OK:', count[0]  print 'NG:', count[1]  print 'NT:', count[2]  #解析XmlString返回Dict  def get_xmlstring_dict(xml_string):  xml = XML2Dict()  return xml.fromstring(xml_string)  #解析XmlFile返回Dict  def get_xmlfile_dict(xml_file):  xml = XML2Dict()  return xml.parse(xml_file)  #去除历史数据expect[real]  def delcomment(excelobj, suiteid, iRow, iCol, str):  startpos = str.find('[')  if startpos>0:  str = str[0:startpos].strip()  excelobj.write_data(suiteid, iRow, iCol, str, OK_COLOR)  return str  #检查每个item （非结构体）  def check_item(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,real_dict, checklist, begincol):  ret='OK'  for checkid in range(0, len(checklist)):  real=real_dict[checklist[checkid]]['value']  expect=excelobj.read_data(suiteid, excelobj.casebegin+caseid, begincol+checkid)  #如果检查不一致测将实际结果写入expect字段，格式：expect[real]  #将return NG  result=assert_result(real, expect)  if result=='NG':  writestr=expect+'['+real+']'  excelobj.write_data(suiteid, excelobj.casebegin+caseid, begincol+checkid, writestr, NG_COLOR)  ret='NG'  return ret  #检查结构体类型  def check_struct_item(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,real_struct_dict, structlist, structbegin, structcount):  ret='OK'  if structcount>1: #传入的是List  for structid in range(0, structcount):  structdict=real_struct_dict[structid]  temp=check_item(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,structdict, structlist, structbegin+structid*len(structlist))  if temp=='NG':  ret='NG'  else: #传入的是Dict  temp=check_item(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,real_struct_dict, structlist, structbegin)  if temp=='NG':  ret='NG'  return ret  #获取异常函数及行号  def print_error_info():  """Return the frame object for the caller's stack frame."""  try:  raise Exception  except:  f = sys.exc_info()[2].tb_frame.f_back  print (f.f_code.co_name, f.f_lineno)  #测试结果计数器，类似Switch语句实现  def countflag(flag,ok, ng, nt):  calculation = {'OK':lambda:[ok+1, ng, nt],  'NG':lambda:[ok, ng+1, nt],  'NT':lambda:[ok, ng, nt+1]}  return calculation[flag]()

2、项目测试代码

view plaincopy to clipboardprint? # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-  #****************************************************************  # xxx_server_case.py  # Author : Anndy # Version : 1.0   # Description: 内容服务系统测试代码 #****************************************************************  from testframe import *  from common_lib import *  httpString='http://xxx.com/xxx_product/test/'  expectXmldir=os.getcwd()+'/TestDir/expect/'  realXmldir=os.getcwd()+'/TestDir/real/'  def run(interface_name, suiteid):  print '【'+interface_name+'】' + ' Test Begin,please waiting...'  global expectXmldir, realXmldir  #根据接口名分别创建预期结果目录和实际结果目录  expectDir=expectXmldir+interface_name  realDir=realXmldir+interface_name  if os.path.exists(expectDir) == 0:  os.makedirs(expectDir)  if os.path.exists(realDir) == 0:  os.makedirs(realDir)  excelobj.del_testrecord(suiteid) #清除历史测试数据  casecount=excelobj.get_ncase(suiteid) #获取case个数  caseinfolist=get_caseinfo(excelobj, suiteid) #获取Case基本信息  #遍历执行case  for caseid in range(0, casecount):  #检查是否执行该Case  if excelobj.read_data(suiteid,excelobj.casebegin+caseid, 2)=='N':  write_result(excelobj, suiteid, caseid, excelobj.resultCol, 'NT')  continue #当前Case结束，继续执行下一个Case  #获取测试数据  sInput=httpString+get_input(excelobj, suiteid, caseid, caseinfolist)  XmlString=HTTPInvoke(com_ipport, sInput) #执行调用  #获取返回码并比较  result_code=et.fromstring(XmlString).find("result_code").text  ret1=check_result(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,result_code, excelobj.retCol)  #保存预期结果文件  expectPath=expectDir+'/'+str(caseid+1)+'.xml'  #saveXmlfile(expectPath, XmlString)  #保存实际结果文件  realPath=realDir+'/'+str(caseid+1)+'.xml'  saveXmlfile(realPath, XmlString)  #比较预期结果和实际结果  ret2= check_xmlfile(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,expectPath, realPath)  #写测试结果  write_result(excelobj, suiteid, caseid, excelobj.resultCol, ret1, ret2)  print '【'+interface_name+'】' + ' Test End!'

3、测试入口

 view plaincopy to clipboardprint? # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-  #****************************************************************  # main.py  # Author : Anndy  # Version : 1.0   # Description: 测试组装，用例执行入口 #****************************************************************  from testframe import *  from xxx_server_case import *  import xxx_server_case  #产品系统接口测试  #设置测试环境  xxx_server_case.excelobj=create_excel(os.getcwd()+'\TestDir\xxx_Testcase.xls')  xxx_server_case.com_ipport=xxx.com'  #Add testsuite begin  run("xxx_book_list", 4)  #Add other suite from here  #Add testsuite end  statisticresult(xxx_server_case.excelobj)  xxx_server_case.excelobj.close()