【原创】开源Math.NET基础数学类库使用(12)C#随机数扩展方法

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开源Math.NET基础数学类库使用总目录:【目录】开源Math.NET基础数学类库使用总目录

前言

  真正意义上的随机数(或者随机事件)在某次产生过程中是按照实验过程中表现的分布概率随机产生的,其结果是不可预测的,是不可见的。而计算机中的随机函数是按照一定算法模拟产生的,其结果是确定的,是可见的。我们可以这样认为这个可预见的结果其出现的概率是100%。所以用计算机随机函数所产生的“随机数”并不随机,是伪随机数。伪随机数的作用在开发中的使用非常常见,因此.NET在System命名空间,提供了一个简单的Random随机数生成类型。但这个类型并不能满足所有的需求,本节开始就将陆续介绍Math.NET中有关随机数的扩展以及其他伪随机生成算法编写的随机数生成器。

  今天要介绍的是基于System.Random的扩展方法。

  如果本文显示有问题,请参考:http://www.cnblogs.com/asxinyu/p/4301544.html

1.Random的扩展方法类

  Rondom扩展及随机数相关的类都在Math.NET的MathNet.Numerics.Random命名空间,今天要介绍的 RandomExtensions 类是 扩展Random的静态方法类,可以直接在System.Random的对象上使用,相关功能介绍:

1.可以直接返回填充0-1随机数据的数组,如NextDoubles方法

2.可以返回一个无限长度的IEnumerable接口对象,一直迭代返回double类型的随机数,是NextDoubleSequence方法

3.类似的还可以返回其他类型的随机数据数组,如NextBytes,NextInt32s等

4.还可以单独返回Int32类型和Int64类型的随机数,其范围在该类型的所有值域上,如NextFullRangeInt32,NextFullRangeInt64

5.还可以单独返回Int32类型和Int64类型的随机数,其范围是该类型所有值域上的非负数,如NextInt64;

2.RandomExtensions类的实现

  作为静态类,使用非常简单,为了方便理解,我将注释进行了部分翻译,贴出该类的所有源码,大家可以参考参考: 

  1 /// <summary>这个类是对System.Random类的扩展,扩展方法可以生成更多类型的伪随机数,而不是仅仅是double和Int32类型</summary>  2 /// <remarks>这个扩展是线程安全的,并且只有在Math.NET提供的随机数发生器或者RandomSource的继承类中被调用</remarks>  3 public static class RandomExtensions  4 {  5     /// <summary>使用(0-1)范围内的均匀随机数填充1个数组</summary>  6     /// <param name="rnd">Random类型的随机数生成器</param>  7     /// <param name="values">要填充随机数的数组</param>  8     /// <remarks>这个扩展是线程安全的,并且只有在Math.NET提供的随机数发生器或者RandomSource的继承类中被调用</remarks>  9     public static void NextDoubles(this System.Random rnd, double[] values) 10     { 11         var rs = rnd as RandomSource; 12         if (rs != null) 13         { 14             rs.NextDoubles(values); 15             return; 16         } 17  18         for (var i = 0; i < values.Length; i++) 19         { 20             values[i] = rnd.NextDouble(); 21         } 22     } 23  24     /// <summary>返回一个(0-1)范围内的均匀随机数填充1个数组</summary> 25     /// <param name="rnd">Random类型的随机数生成器</param> 26     /// <param name="count">要返回的数组的长度</param> 27     28     public static double[] NextDoubles(this System.Random rnd, int count) 29     { 30         var values = new double[count]; 31         NextDoubles(rnd, values); 32         return values; 33     } 34  35     /// <summary>返回1个无限的0-1均匀分布随机数序列</summary> 36     public static IEnumerable<double> NextDoubleSequence(this System.Random rnd) 37     { 38         var rs = rnd as RandomSource; 39         if (rs != null) return rs.NextDoubleSequence(); 40         return NextDoubleSequenceEnumerable(rnd); 41     } 42  43     static IEnumerable<double> NextDoubleSequenceEnumerable(System.Random rnd) 44     { 45         while (true) 46         { 47             yield return rnd.NextDouble(); 48         } 49     } 50  51     /// <summary>返回1个均匀分布的byte数组</summary> 52     /// <param name="rnd">Random类型的随机数生成器</param> 53     /// <param name="count">要返回的数组的长度</param> 54     public static byte[] NextBytes(this System.Random rnd, int count) 55     { 56         var values = new byte[count]; 57         rnd.NextBytes(values); 58         return values; 59     } 60  61     /// <summary> 62     /// Fills an array with uniform random numbers greater than or equal to 0.0 and less than 1.0. 63     /// </summary> 64     /// <param name="rnd">The random number generator.</param> 65     /// <param name="values">The array to fill with random values.</param> 66     /// <param name="minInclusive">Lower bound, inclusive.</param> 67     /// <param name="maxExclusive">Upper bound, exclusive.</param> 68     public static void NextInt32s(this System.Random rnd, int[] values, int minInclusive, int maxExclusive) 69     { 70         var rs = rnd as RandomSource; 71         if (rs != null) 72         { 73             rs.NextInt32s(values, minInclusive, maxExclusive); 74             return; 75         } 76         for (var i = 0; i < values.Length; i++) 77         { 78             values[i] = rnd.Next(minInclusive, maxExclusive); 79         } 80     } 81  82     /// <summary> 83     /// Returns an infinite sequence of uniform random numbers greater than or equal to 0.0 and less than 1.0. 84     /// </summary> 85     public static IEnumerable<int> NextInt32Sequence(this System.Random rnd, int minInclusive, int maxExclusive) 86     { 87         var rs = rnd as RandomSource; 88         if (rs != null) 89         { 90             return rs.NextInt32Sequence(minInclusive, maxExclusive); 91         } 92         return NextInt32SequenceEnumerable(rnd, minInclusive, maxExclusive); 93     } 94  95     static IEnumerable<int> NextInt32SequenceEnumerable(System.Random rnd, int minInclusive, int maxExclusive) 96     { 97         while (true) 98         { 99             yield return rnd.Next(minInclusive, maxExclusive);100         }101     }102 103     /// <summary>返回Int64类型的非负随机数</summary>104     /// <param name="rnd">Random类型的随机数生成器</param>105     /// <returns>106     /// A 64-bit signed integer greater than or equal to 0, and less than <see cref="Int64.MaxValue"/>; that is, 107     /// the range of return values includes 0 but not <see cref="Int64.MaxValue"/>.108     /// </returns>109     /// <seealso cref="NextFullRangeInt64"/>110     public static long NextInt64(this System.Random rnd)111     {112         var buffer = new byte[sizeof (long)];113 114         rnd.NextBytes(buffer);115         var candidate = BitConverter.ToInt64(buffer, 0);116 117         candidate &= long.MaxValue;118         return (candidate == long.MaxValue) ? rnd.NextInt64() : candidate;119     }120 121     /// <summary>122     /// Returns a random number of the full Int32 range.123     /// </summary>124     /// <param name="rnd">The random number generator.</param>125     /// <returns>126     /// A 32-bit signed integer of the full range, including 0, negative numbers,127     /// <see cref="Int32.MaxValue"/> and <see cref="Int32.MinValue"/>.128     /// </returns>129     /// <seealso cref="System.Random.Next()"/>130     public static int NextFullRangeInt32(this System.Random rnd)131     {132         var buffer = new byte[sizeof (int)];133         rnd.NextBytes(buffer);134         return BitConverter.ToInt32(buffer, 0);135     }136 137     /// <summary>138     /// Returns a random number of the full Int64 range.139     /// </summary>140     /// <param name="rnd">The random number generator.</param>141     /// <returns>142     /// A 64-bit signed integer of the full range, including 0, negative numbers,143     /// <see cref="Int64.MaxValue"/> and <see cref="Int64.MinValue"/>.144     /// </returns>145     /// <seealso cref="NextInt64"/>146     public static long NextFullRangeInt64(this System.Random rnd)147     {148         var buffer = new byte[sizeof (long)];149         rnd.NextBytes(buffer);150         return BitConverter.ToInt64(buffer, 0);151     }152 153     /// <summary>154     /// Returns a nonnegative decimal floating point random number less than 1.0.155     /// </summary>156     /// <param name="rnd">The random number generator.</param>157     /// <returns>158     /// A decimal floating point number greater than or equal to 0.0, and less than 1.0; that is, 159     /// the range of return values includes 0.0 but not 1.0.160     /// </returns>161     public static decimal NextDecimal(this System.Random rnd)162     {163         decimal candidate;164 165         // 50.049 % chance that the number is below 1.0. Try until we have one.166         // Guarantees that any decimal in the interval can167         // indeed be reached, with uniform probability.168         do169         {170             candidate = new decimal(171                 rnd.NextFullRangeInt32(),172                 rnd.NextFullRangeInt32(),173                 rnd.NextFullRangeInt32(),174                 false,175                 28);176         }177         while (candidate >= 1.0m);178 179         return candidate;180     }181 }

  其使用非常简单,这里就不再举例子。这种扩展大家也应该写过,后面几篇文章将介绍Math.NET中实现的其他算法的随机数发生器。请关注

3.资源

  源码下载:http://www.cnblogs.com/asxinyu/p/4264638.html

  如果本文显示有问题,请参考本文原文:http://www.cnblogs.com/asxinyu/p/4301544.html

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