[leetcode] 310. Minimum Height Trees
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题目:
For a undirected graph with tree characteristics, we can choose any node as the root. The result graph is then a rooted tree. Among all possible rooted trees, those with minimum height are called minimum height trees (MHTs). Given such a graph, write a function to find all the MHTs and return a list of their root labels.
Format
The graph contains n nodes which are labeled from 0 to n - 1. You will be given the number n and a list of undirected edges (each edge is a pair of labels).
You can assume that no duplicate edges will appear in edges. Since all edges are undirected, [0, 1] is the same as [1, 0] and thus will not appear together in edges.
Example 1:
Given n = 4, edges = [[1, 0], [1, 2], [1, 3]]
0 | 1 / \ 2 3
return [1]
Example 2:
Given n = 6, edges = [[0, 3], [1, 3], [2, 3], [4, 3], [5, 4]]
0 1 2 \ | / 3 | 4 | 5
return [3, 4]
Show Hint
题意:
给一个数字n,代表了无向图的节点总数。然后给出该图中所有的边。找出以某个节点为根节点,使得树的高度最短。
思路:
最简单的暴力的方式就是尝试以每个节点作为根节点,然后使用广度优遍历的方法去遍历这个树的高度。不过这样的话时间复杂度就变成了O(n^2)。
换一个思路。我们知道在树中有叶子节点跟非叶子节点两种。叶子节点的度是1,即只有一个点与叶子节点相邻(也或者只有一个节点的话就没有相邻的节点)。中间节点的度都>=2。
另一个知识就是去找一根绳子的长度,我们可以让两只蚂蚁从两端开始爬行,每次爬一步,若干步后它们相遇或者只差一步就说明找到了绳子的长度了。
结合上面的知识,我们使用这样的思路,让蚂蚁从各个叶子往中间爬,每次爬一步之后,丢弃上一个节点,并且判断此时哪些成为了叶子节点,然后继续爬,直到最后两个蚂蚁相遇或者差一步就是最长的一个距离了。这两个蚂蚁的位置就是根的位置,这个树最少要有这么高。
代码如下:
class Solution {public: vector<int> findMinHeightTrees(int n, vector<pair<int, int>>& edges) { vector<int>result; if(n == 0)return result; if(n == 1)return vector<int>(1,0); int min_height = INT_MAX; vector<unordered_set<int>> edge(n, unordered_set<int>()); for(auto ed:edges) { edge[ed.first].insert(ed.second); edge[ed.second].insert(ed.first); } vector<int> leaves; for(auto i = 0; i < n; i++) { if(edge[i].size() == 1)leaves.push_back(i); } vector<int> newLeaves; while(n > 2) { n -= leaves.size(); for(auto i:leaves) { for(auto j:edge[i]) { edge[j].erase(i); if(edge[j].size() == 1)newLeaves.push_back(j); } } leaves = newLeaves; newLeaves.clear(); } return leaves; }};
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