iOS中常用不可变字符串函数方法

/***********************一.NSString ******************************/ 

/*----------------创建字符串的方法----------------*/

 //1、创建常量字符串。 

NSString *astring = @"Welcome to 1000phone"; 

//2、通过实例化方法 initWithString:实例化一个字符串对象 

NSString *astring = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:@" I love iOS!"]; NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring);
[astring release]; 

//3、用标准c创建字符串:initWithCString:encoding:方法 

const char *cString = "I love iphone"; 

NSString * aString = [[NSStringalloc]initWithCString:cStringencoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
NSLog(@"astring:%@",aString);
[aString release]; 

或者:用 initWithUTF8String:实例化一个字符串对象 

const char *p = " Welcome to Beijing!";
NSString *string = [[NSString alloc]initWithUTF8String:p]; 

//4、创建格式化字符串:占位符(由一个%加一个字符组成) 

int age = 23;
NSString *astring = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@”I am %d”,age]]; NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring);
[astring release]; 

//5、通过静态方法创建字符串对象 

NSString * str1 = [NSString stringWithString:@"I love programming!"];
NSString * str2 = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:" I love programming!"]; NSString * str3 = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@",@" I love programming!"]; 

//6. 从文件读取字符串:initWithContentsOfFile: 

NSString *path = @" /Users/qianfeng/Desktop/StringAPI.pdf"; //文件路径 NSString *astring = [[NSString alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:path]; NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring);
[astring release]; 

/*----------------比较两个字符串----------------*/ 

//用 C 比较:strcmp 函数 

char string1[] = "string!";
char string2[] = "string!"; if(strcmp(string1, string2) = = 0) { 

NSLog(@"1"); } 

//1. isEqualToString 方法 判断两个字符串是否相等 相等返回 1 不等返回 0 

NSString *astring01 = @"This is a String!";
NSString *astring02 = @"This is a String!";
BOOL result = [astring01 isEqualToString:astring02]; NSLog(@"result:%d",result); 

//2. compare 方法(compare:返回的三种值分别是-1,0,1) 

//NSOrderedSame 判断两者内容是否相同
NSString *astring01 = @"This is a String!";
NSString *astring02 = @"This is a String!";
BOOL result = [astring01 compare:astring02] = = NSOrderedSame;//0NSLog(@"result:%d",result); 

//NSOrderedAscending 判断两对象值的大小(按字母顺序进行比较,astring01小于 astring02为真)
NSString *astring01 = @"This is a String!";
NSString *astring02 = @"this is a String!"; 

BOOL result = [astring01 compare:astring02] = = NSOrderedAscending; NSLog(@"result:%d",result);//-1
//NSOrderedDescending 判断两对象值的大小(按字母顺序进行比较,astring01大于 astring02为真) 

NSString *astring01 = @"this is a String!";
NSString *astring02 = @"This is a String!";
BOOL result = [astring01 compare:astring02] = = NSOrderedDescending; NSLog(@"result:%d",result); //1

//3. 不考虑大小写比较字符串
NSString *astring01 = @"this is a String!";
NSString *astring02 = @"This is a String!";
BOOL result = [astring01 caseInsensitiveCompare:astring02] = = NSOrderedSame;
NSLog(@"result:%d",result);
enum _NSComparisonResult {
NSOrderedAscending = -1, //astring01小于 astring02NSOrderedSame,astring01 等于 astring02NSOrderedDescendingastring01大于 astring02}; 

/*----------------改变字符串的大小写————————*/‘

 NSString *string1 = @"A String"; 

NSString *string2 = @"String"; 

//1. uppercaseString 小写转大写 string1指向的对象内容不会发生改变 (会产生一个新的字符串对象,string指向这个新的对象)
NSString *string = [string1 uppercaseString];
NSLog(@"string:%@",string); 

//2. lowercaseString 大写转小写 

string = [string1 lowercaseString]; NSLog(@"string:%@",string); 

//3. capitalizedString 单词首字母大写 其余小写,其他字符保持不变

 NSLog(@"string:%@",string);//首字母大小 

/*----------------搜索子串----------------*/ 

NSString *string1 = @"I love iOS very much!";
NSString *string2 = @"iOS";
NSRange range = [string1 rangeOfString:string2]; //NSRange 代表一个范围:子串 string2在长串 string1中的范围(位置和长度)
NSUInteger location=range.location;
NSUInteger length= range.length;
NSString *astring = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Location:%lu,Leight:%lu",location, length]; NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring);
[astring release]; 

/*----------------抽取子串 ----------------*/

//1. -substringToIndex: 从字符串的开头一直截取到指定的位置,但不包括该位置的字符 

NSString *string1 = @"This is a string";
NSString *string2 = [string1 substringToIndex:3]; NSLog(@"string2:%@",string2); 

//2. -substringFromIndex: 从指定位置开始(包括指定位置的字符)提取,并包括之后的全部字符直到最后; 

NSString *string1 = @"This is a string";
NSString *string2 = [string1 substringFromIndex:3]; NSLog(@"string2:%@",string2); 

//3. -substringWithRange: //在指定范围内从字符串中截取子串 

NSString *string1 = @"This is a string";
NSString *string2 = [string1 substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(0, 4)]; NSLog(@"string2:%@",string2); 

/*------------判断字符串内是否还包含别的字符串(前缀,后缀)------------*/

 //01:检查字符串是否以另一个字符串开头

- (BOOL) hasPrefix: (NSString *) aString; (判断前缀) 

NSString *String1 = @"NSStringInformation.txt";
[String1 hasPrefix:@"NSString"] = = 1 ? NSLog(@"YES") : NSLog(@"NO"); 

//02:检查字符串是否以另一个字符串结尾

- (BOOL) hasSuffix: (NSString *) aString; (判断后缀)
[String1 hasSuffix:@".txt"] = = 1 ? NSLog(@"YES") : NSLog(@"NO"); 

字符串转化

NSString * str = @"hello";

const char *p = [str UTF8String];将OC字符串转化为C的字符串

     1、切割字符串

NSArray *array = [content componentsSeparatedByString:@“\n”];

2、获取文件的拓展名

NSString * ewer = [path pathExtension];

3、//比较两个字符串是否相等。

        NSLog(@"%d",[str1 isEqualToString:str2]);   isEqualToClass 

4、//字符串比较大小

       NSComparisonResult compare = [str1 compare:str2];

        if (compare == NSOrderedAscending) {

            NSLog(@"左边的小");

        }elseif (compare ==NSOrderedSame){

            NSLog(@"两边相等");

        }elseif (compare ==NSOrderedDescending){

            NSLog(@"左边的大");

        }

        

5、       //不区分大小写字符串比较大小

       NSComparisonResult cmp = [str1 caseInsensitiveCompare:str2];

        if (cmp == NSOrderedAscending) {

            NSLog(@"左边的小");

        }elseif (cmp ==NSOrderedSame){

            NSLog(@"两边相等");

        }elseif (cmp ==NSOrderedDescending){

            NSLog(@"左边的大");

6、     //判断前缀是否是www

        NSLog(@"%d",[str03hasPrefix:@"1www"]);

        

        //判断后缀是否是cn

        NSLog(@"%d",[str03 hasSuffix:@"c n"]);

integervalue 是字符串里的数字转换成长整型、

//把OC字符串里面的数字字符，转换为int类型的数据.                                                                intValue第一个非数字字符的时候停止转换。 整形的所有小数点都是非数字子符。

//把OC字符串里面的数字字符，转换为double类型的数据。doubleValue

//把OC字符串里面的数字字符，转换为float类型的数据。floatValue

//把OC字符串里面的数字字符，转换为longlong类型的数据。longlongValue

8、查询字符串的子串 

NSMutableString *str = [NSMutableStringstringWithFormat:@"When I was young, I loved a girl in neighbor class."];

NSMutableString *str1 = [NSMutableStringstringWithFormat:@"a teacher, I rather to teach student"];

NSMutableString *str2 = [NSMutableStringstringWithFormat:@"young, I loved a girl"];

    NSRange range=[strrangeOfString:str2];如果找不到 length = 0，location= nsnotfound（920…..）

 //替换用一个新的子串替换指定范围内容字符串

        [str replaceCharactersInRange:(range)withString:str1];

   #define SHOW(obj) NSLog(@"起始位置%ld,长度：%ld",obj.location,obj.length)

(OC 的字符 :typedef unsigned short unichar)

NSLog(@"%ld",[str1 length]);   //求字符串长度

 

NSLog(@"%c", [str1 characterAtIndex:1]);//获取字符串中的字符（UNIchar  可以接收 ）

 

BOOL ret =  [str1 isEqualTo:str2];//比较两个字符串是否相等,相等返回YES(1),不相等返回NO(0)(BOOL   YES(1)  NO(0))

 

long ret1 = [str1 compare:str2];//比较两个字符串的大小,str1大于返回1 相等返回0   小于返回-1

 

long ret2 = [str1 caseInsensitiveCompare:str2];//不区分大小写比较字符串大小

 

NSString * ptr = [str2 uppercaseString];//将字符串中的所有小写字符转换成大写不改变原来的字符串

 

ptr = [str1 lowercaseString];//将字符串中的所有大写字符转换成小写不改变原来的字符串

 

ptr = [str3 capitalizedString];//将字符串中出现的第一个字母转换成大写，其余字母小写

 

NSString * str4 = @"hello world";

 

NSRange range = [str4 rangeOfString:@"wr"];//查找子串，找不到返回NSNotFound找到返回location和length

 

if (range.location != NSNotFound) {

    NSLog(@"%ld %ld",range.location, range.length);

}

NSString * str5 = @"helloworld";

 

NSString * ptr1 = [str5 substringToIndex:4];//字符串抽取从下标0开始到4不包括4

 

NSString * ptr2 = [str5 substringFromIndex:5];//从下标5开始抽取到字符串结束包括5

 

NSRange range1 = {4,3};//结构体初始化

 

NSString * ptr3 = [str5 substringWithRange:range1];//在range指定范围内抽取

 

NSString * ptr4 = [str5 substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(4,3)];//NSMakeRange可以生成一个结构体

NSString * str = @"www.1000phone.com";

 

BOOL ret = [str hasPrefix:@"www"];//判断字符串是否以指定字符串开头

 

NSString * str1 = @"1.txt";

 

BOOL ret1 = [str hasSuffix:@".txt"];//判断字符串是否以指定的字符串结尾

NSMutableString可变字符串(动态增加和减少的)  继承于NSString可以使用NSString的所有方法

 

NSMutableString * str =  [[NSMutableString alloc]initWithString:@"hello"];//将不可变的字符串转换为可变的字符串

 

[str insertString:@"123" atIndex:1];//在指定下标(不要越界)位置插入NSString类型字符串

 

[str appendString:@"123"];//在字符串末尾追加字符串

 

[str deleteCharactersInRange:NSMakeRange(0, 2)];//从指定下标删除length个字符

 

[str setString:@"qianfeng"];//修改字符串亦称对该可变字符串赋值

 

[str replaceCharactersInRange:NSMakeRange(3, 1) withString:@"ios"];//将指定下标位置的length个字符替换为指定的字符串