别以为真懂Openstack: 虚拟机创建的50个步骤和100个知识点(2)

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  • 本文转自:http://www.cnblogs.com/popsuper1982/p/3930350.html

  • 二、nova-api
  • 步骤3:nova-api接收请求
  • 步骤4:对Token的验证
  • 步骤5:查看Policy
  • 步骤6:检查quota
  • 步骤7:在数据库中创建Instance实...
  • 步骤8:创建filter_propert...
  • 步骤9:发送RPC给nova-condu...
  •  
  • 步骤10:nova-condutor创建...
  • 步骤11:nova-conductor发...
  • 三、nova-scheduler
  • 步骤13:对Host进行Filterin...
  • 步骤14:对合适的Hosts进行weig...
  • 步骤15:nova-scheduler想...

  • 二、nova-api

    image

    步骤3:nova-api接收请求

    nova-api接收请求,也不是随便怎么来都接收的,而是需要设定rate limits,默认的实现是在ratelimit的middleware里面实现的。

    然而有时候,我们希望实现distributed rate-limiting,从而Turnstile是一个不错的选择。

    https://github.com/klmitch/turnstile
    http://pypi.python.org/pypi/turnstile

    步骤4:对Token的验证

    步骤5:查看Policy

    这两步已经在keystone的时候研究过

    步骤6:检查quota

    nova, neutron, Cinder各有各的quota,并且可以从命令行进行管理

    # nova -h | grep quota
        quota-class-show    List the quotas for a quota class.
        quota-class-update  Update the quotas for a quota class.
        quota-defaults      List the default quotas for a tenant.
        quota-delete        Delete quota for a tenant/user so their quota will
        quota-show          List the quotas for a tenant/user.
        quota-update        Update the quotas for a tenant/user.

    # nova quota-show
    +-----------------------------+-------+
    | Quota                       | Limit |
    +-----------------------------+-------+
    | instances                   | 10    |
    | cores                       | 20    |
    | ram                         | 51200 |
    | floating_ips                | 10    |
    | fixed_ips                   | -1    |
    | metadata_items              | 128   |
    | injected_files              | 5     |
    | injected_file_content_bytes | 10240 |
    | injected_file_path_bytes    | 255   |
    | key_pairs                   | 100   |
    | security_groups             | 10    |
    | security_group_rules        | 20    |
    +-----------------------------+-------+

    # cinder -h | grep quota
        quota-class-show    List the quotas for a quota class.
        quota-class-update  Update the quotas for a quota class.
        quota-defaults      List the default quotas for a tenant.
        quota-show          List the quotas for a tenant.
        quota-update        Update the quotas for a tenant.
        quota-usage         List the quota usage for a tenant.

    # cinder quota-show 1779b3bc725b44b98726fb0cbdc617b1
    +-----------+-------+
    |  Property | Value |
    +-----------+-------+
    | gigabytes |  1000 |
    | snapshots |   10  |
    |  volumes  |   10  |
    +-----------+-------+

    # neutron -h | grep quota
      quota-delete                   Delete defined quotas of a given tenant.
      quota-list                     List quotas of all tenants who have non-default quota values.
      quota-show                     Show quotas of a given tenant
      quota-update                   Define tenant's quotas not to use defaults.

    # neutron quota-show 1779b3bc725b44b98726fb0cbdc617b1
    +---------------------+-------+
    | Field               | Value |
    +---------------------+-------+
    | floatingip          | 50    |
    | network             | 10    |
    | port                | 50    |
    | router              | 10    |
    | security_group      | 10    |
    | security_group_rule | 100   |
    | subnet              | 10    |
    +---------------------+-------+

    推荐下面的文章

    openstack nova 基础知识——Quota(配额管理)

    http://www.sebastien-han.fr/blog/2012/09/19/openstack-play-with-quota/

    步骤7:在数据库中创建Instance实例

    有关nova的database schema参考下面的文章

    http://www.prestonlee.com/2012/05/03/openstack-nova-essex-mysql-database-schema-diagram-and-sql/

    MySQL是Openstack中最重要的组件之一,所以在生产环境中High Availability是必须的。

    MySQL的HA有下面几种方式:

    http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql-ha-scalability/en/index.html

    RequirementMySQL ReplicationMySQL with DRBD with Corosync and PacemakerMySQL ClusterAvailability   Platform SupportAll Supported by MySQL ServerLinuxAll Supported by MySQL ClusterAutomated IP FailoverNoYesDepends on Connector and ConfigurationAutomated Database FailoverNoYesYesAutomatic Data ResynchronizationNoYesYesTypical Failover TimeUser / Script DependentConfiguration Dependent, 60 seconds and Above1 Second and LessSynchronous ReplicationNo, Asynchronous and SemisynchronousYesYesShared StorageNo, DistributedNo, DistributedNo, DistributedGeographic redundancy supportYesYes, via MySQL ReplicationYes, via MySQL ReplicationUpdate Schema On-LineNoNoYesScalability   Number of NodesOne Master, Multiple SlavesOne Active (primary), one Passive (secondary) Node255Built-in Load BalancingReads, via MySQL ReplicationReads, via MySQL ReplicationYes, Reads and WritesSupports Read-Intensive WorkloadsYesYesYesSupports Write-Intensive WorkloadsYes, via Application-Level ShardingYes, via Application-Level Sharding to Multiple Active/Passive PairsYes, via Auto-ShardingScale On-Line (add nodes, repartition, etc.)NoNoYes

    要想系统的学习Mysql replication,推荐下面的这本书

    《MySQL High Availability Tools for Building Robust Data Centers》

    还有一种方式是Mysql + galera,可以搭建Active + Active的Mysql应用

    MySQL分支版本 MySQL/Galera 1.0发布

    参考下面的两篇文章

    http://www.sebastien-han.fr/blog/2012/04/08/mysql-galera-cluster-with-haproxy/

    http://www.sebastien-han.fr/blog/2012/04/01/mysql-multi-master-replication-with-galera/

    还有一种常见的HA的技术,就是pacemaker

    image 

    最底层是通信层corosync/openais

    负责cluster中node之间的通信

    上一层是Resource Allocation Layer,包含下面的组件:

    CRM Cluster Resouce Manager

    是总管,对于resource做的任何操作都是通过它。每个机器上都有一个CRM。

    CIB Cluster Information Base

    CIB由CRM管理,是在内存中的XML数据库,保存了cluster的配置和状态。我们查询出来的configuration都是保存在CIB里面的。nodes, resources, constraints, relationship.

    DC Designated Coordinator

    每个node都有CRM,会有一个被选为DC,是整个Cluster的大脑,这个DC控制的CIB是master CIB,其他的CIB都是副本。

    PE Policy Engine

    当DC需要进行一些全局配置的时候,首先由PE根据当前的状态和配置,计算出将来的状态,并生成一系列的action,使得cluster从初始状态变为结果状态。PE仅仅在DC上运行。

    LRM Local Resource Manager

    本地的resource管理,调用resource agent完成操作,启停resource,将结果返回给CRM

    再上一层是Resource Layer

    包含多个resource agent。resource agent往往是一些shell script,用来启动,停止,监控resource的状态。

    要弄懂Pacemaker,推荐读《SUSE high availability guide》

    https://www.suse.com/documentation/sle_ha/singlehtml/book_sleha/book_sleha.html

    本人做了一些笔记和实验,请参考

    High Availability手册(1): 环境

    High Availability手册(2): 架构

    High Availability手册(3): 配置

    步骤8:创建filter_properties,用于nova scheduler

    步骤9:发送RPC给nova-conductor

    有关nova-conductor的文章

    http://cloudystuffhappens.blogspot.com/2013/04/understanding-nova-conductor-in.html

    在Openstack中,RPC的发送是通过RabbitMQ

    RabbitMQ可以通过Pacemaker进行HA,当然也可以搭建自己的RabbitMQ Cluster

    学习RabbitMQ当然首推《RabbitMQ in Action》

    本人也做了一些笔记

     

    RabbitMQ in Action (1): Understanding messaging

    RabbitMQ in Action (2): Running and administering Rabbit

    RabbitMQ in Action(5): Clustering and dealing with failure

    还没完全读完,敬请谅解

    当然Openstack中对于RabbitMQ的使用,一篇很好的文章是

    NOVA源码分析——NOVA中的RabbitMQ解析

    本人也对RPC的调用过程进行了代码分析

    Openstack中RabbitMQ RPC代码分析 

    步骤10:nova-condutor创建request_spec,用于scheduler

    步骤11:nova-conductor发送RPC给nova-scheduler

    三、nova-scheduler

     

    image

    选择一个物理机来创建虚拟机,我们称为schedule的过程

    nova scheduler的一个经典的图如下

    ../_images/filteringWorkflow1.png

    就是先Filter再Weighting,其实scheduler的过程在很早就参与了。

    步骤13:对Host进行Filtering

    Filtering主要通过两个变量进行,request_spec和filter_properties,而这些变量在前面的步骤,都已经准备好了。

    而不同的Filter只是利用这些信息,然后再根据从HostManager统计上来的HostState信息,选出匹配的Host。

    request_spec中的第一个信息就是image的properties信息,尤其是当你想支持多种Hypervisor的时候,Xen的 image, KVM的image, Hyper-V的image各不相同,如何保证image跑在正确的Hypervisor上?在image里面这种hypervisor_type property就很必要。

    请阅读下面的文章

    http://www.cloudbase.it/filtering-glance-images-for-hyper-v/

    image properties还会有min_ram, min_disk,只有内存和硬盘够大才可以。

    Flavor里面可以设置extra_specs,这是一系列key-value值,在数据结构中,以instance_type变量实现,可以在里面输入这个Flavor除了资源需求的其他参数,从而在Filter的时候,可以使用。

    host aggregates将所有的Host分成多个Group,当然不同的Group可以根据不同的属性Metadata划分,一种是高性能和低性能。

    在Openstack文档中,这个例子很好的展示了host aggregates和Flavor extra_specs的配合使用

    http://docs.openstack.org/trunk/config-reference/content/section_compute-scheduler.html

    Example: Specify compute hosts with SSDs

    This example configures the Compute service to enable users to request nodes that have solid-state drives (SSDs). You create afast-iohost aggregate in thenovaavailability zone and you add thessd=truekey-value pair to the aggregate. Then, you add thenode1, andnode2compute nodes to it.

    $ nova aggregate-create fast-io nova+----+---------+-------------------+-------+----------+| Id | Name    | Availability Zone | Hosts | Metadata |+----+---------+-------------------+-------+----------+| 1  | fast-io | nova              |       |          |+----+---------+-------------------+-------+----------+$ nova aggregate-set-metadata 1 ssd=true+----+---------+-------------------+-------+-------------------+| Id | Name    | Availability Zone | Hosts | Metadata          |+----+---------+-------------------+-------+-------------------+| 1  | fast-io | nova              | []    | {u'ssd': u'true'} |+----+---------+-------------------+-------+-------------------+$ nova aggregate-add-host 1 node1+----+---------+-------------------+-----------+-------------------+| Id | Name    | Availability Zone | Hosts      | Metadata          |+----+---------+-------------------+------------+-------------------+| 1  | fast-io | nova              | [u'node1'] | {u'ssd': u'true'} |+----+---------+-------------------+------------+-------------------+$ nova aggregate-add-host 1 node2+----+---------+-------------------+---------------------+-------------------+| Id | Name    | Availability Zone | Hosts                | Metadata          |+----+---------+-------------------+----------------------+-------------------+| 1  | fast-io | nova              | [u'node1', u'node2'] | {u'ssd': u'true'} |+----+---------+-------------------+----------------------+-------------------+

    Use the nova flavor-create command to create the ssd.large flavor called with an ID of 6, 8 GB of RAM, 80 GB root disk, and four vCPUs.

    $ nova flavor-create ssd.large 6 8192 80 4 +----+-----------+-----------+------+-----------+------+-------+-------------+-----------+-------------+| ID | Name      | Memory_MB | Disk | Ephemeral | Swap | VCPUs | RXTX_Factor | Is_Public | extra_specs |+----+-----------+-----------+------+-----------+------+-------+-------------+-----------+-------------+| 6  | ssd.large | 8192      | 80   | 0         |      | 4     | 1           | True      | {}          |+----+-----------+-----------+------+-----------+------+-------+-------------+-----------+-------------+

    Once the flavor is created, specify one or more key-value pairs that match the key-value pairs on the host aggregates. In this case, that is the ssd=true key-value pair. Setting a key-value pair on a flavor is done using the nova flavor-key command.

    $ nova flavor-key ssd.large set ssd=true

    Once it is set, you should see theextra_specsproperty of thessd.largeflavor populated with a key ofssdand a corresponding value oftrue.

    $ nova flavor-show ssd.large+----------------------------+-------------------+| Property                   | Value             |+----------------------------+-------------------+| OS-FLV-DISABLED:disabled   | False             || OS-FLV-EXT-DATA:ephemeral  | 0                 || disk                       | 80                || extra_specs                | {u'ssd': u'true'} || id                         | 6                 || name                       | ssd.large         || os-flavor-access:is_public | True              || ram                        | 8192              || rxtx_factor                | 1.0               || swap                       |                   || vcpus                      | 4                 |+----------------------------+-------------------+

    Now, when a user requests an instance with thessd.largeflavor, the scheduler only considers hosts with thessd=truekey-value pair. In this example, these arenode1andnode2.

    另一个作用是Xen和KVM的POOL分开,有利于XEN进行Live Migration

    另一个作用是Windows和Linux的POOL分开,因为Windows是需要收费的,而Linux大多不需要,Windows的收费是按照物理机,而非虚拟机来收费的,所有需要尽量的将windows的虚拟机放到一个物理机上。

    Filter_properties的里面scheduler_hints是一个json,里面可以设置任何值,用于Filter的时候使用。

    例如JsonFilter

    The JsonFilter allows a user to construct a custom filter by passing a scheduler hint in JSON format. The following operators are supported:

    • =
    • <
    • >
    • in
    • <=
    • >=
    • not
    • or
    • and

    The filter supports the following variables:

    • $free_ram_mb
    • $free_disk_mb
    • $total_usable_ram_mb
    • $vcpus_total
    • $vcpus_used

    Using the nova command-line tool, use the--hintflag:

    $ nova boot --image 827d564a-e636-4fc4-a376-d36f7ebe1747 --flavor 1 --hint query='[">=","$free_ram_mb",1024]' server1

    With the API, use theos:scheduler_hintskey:

    Select Text

    {

    "server":{

    "name":"server-1",

    "imageRef":"cedef40a-ed67-4d10-800e-17455edce175",

    "flavorRef":"1"

    },

    "os:scheduler_hints":{

    "query":"[&gt;=,$free_ram_mb,1024]"

    }

    }

    我们可以指定某个物理机,用下面的命令--availability-zone <zone-name>:<host-name>

    步骤14:对合适的Hosts进行weighting并且排序

    选出了Hosts,接下来就是进行Weighting的操作

    Weighting可以根据很多变量来,一般来说Memory和disk是最先需要满足的,CPU和network io则需要次要考虑,一般来说,对于付钱较少的Flavor,能满足memory和disk就可以了,对于付钱较多的Flavor,则需要保证其CPU和 network io.

    步骤15:nova-scheduler想选出的Host发送RPC

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