大数据实验增加，导致虚拟机的根目录/ 磁盘空间不够，会带来各种问题，使用gpated工具解决！！

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使用gpated给linux根目录增加空间

原来的空间：
[root@master ~]# df -k
Filesystem           1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2              5921544   4343912   1276832 78% /
tmpfs                   515340        72    515268   1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1               297485     31772    250353 12% /boot
[root@master ~]#

根目录扩容以后的空间
[root@master hadoop]#df -k
Filesystem           1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2             13102616   4347112   8089904 35% /
tmpfs                   515340        72    515268   1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1               297485     31772    250353 12% /boot
[root@master hadoop]#

[root@master ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 16.1 GB, 16106127360 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1958 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000b2584

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id System
/dev/sda1   *           1          39      307200   83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2              39        1696    13312000   83 Linux
/dev/sda3            1696        1959     2108416   82 Linux swap / Solaris
[root@master ~]#

步骤：
1、下载
http://gparted.sourceforge.net/download.php
2、光驱加载到虚拟机虚拟机设置－CD/DVD－使用ISO镜像文件
3、从bios启动虚拟机：虚拟机－电源－打开电源bios
4、boot 按+号将cd－rom drive放到最上面。F10重启

5、进入gpated 划分分区增加空间完成

6、从bios启动虚拟机：虚拟机－电源－打开电源bios
4、boot 按+号将Hard drive放到最上面。F10重启

=================
下面手工来增加根目录的磁盘，折腾半天还有问题，使用工具gparted简单解决了问题。
1、打开VMware，选择Edit Virtual mache settings，Utilities下拉框中找到Expand
2、虚拟机删除快照
3、将磁盘空间扩大到15G，点击Expand即可，完成后这是新的空间已经增加，但linux环境下还不可见
4、启动VMware环境下的Linux操作系统,添加新分区，需要root账号身份。

[root@master ~]# id
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root) context=unconfined_u:unconfined_r:unconfined_t:s0-s0:c0.c1023
[root@master ~]# df -k
Filesystem           1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2              5921544   4343912   1276832 78% /
tmpfs                   515340        72    515268   1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1               297485     31772    250353 12% /boot
[root@master ~]#

5、

[root@master hadoop]#fdisk -l

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id System
/dev/sda1   *           1          39      307200   83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2              39         788     6016000   83 Linux
Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda3             788        1045     2064384   82 Linux swap / Solaris
[root@master hadoop]#

3.1 【fdisk -l】最大分区为/dev/sda3，说明新创建的分区将会是sda4

3.2 输入【fdisk /dev/sda】

3.2.1命令行提示下输入【m】

3.2.2输入命令【n】添加新分区。

3.2.3输入命令【p】创建主分区。

3.2.4输入【回车】，选择默认大小，这样不浪费空间

3.2.5输入【回车】，选择默认的start cylinder。

3.2.6输入【w】，保持修改

3.3 输入【reboot】重启linux，必须reboot，否则/dev/sda4无法格式化。

3.4 这时在/dev/目录下，才能看到了新的分区比如/dev/sda4

[root@master hadoop]#fdisk -l

[root@master dev]#ls | grep sda
sda
sda1
sda2
sda3
sda4
[root@master dev]#pwd
/dev
[root@master dev]#ls | grep sda

sda
sda1
sda2
sda3
sda4

格式化

[root@master dev]#mkfs.ext2 /dev/sda4
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
458752 inodes, 1834756 blocks
91737 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1879048192
56 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632

Writing inode tables: done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 26 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@master dev]#

[root@master dev]#mkdir /disk4
[root@master dev]#cd /
[root@master /]#ls
bin dev etc lib media opt root selinux sys usr
boot disk4 home lost+found mnt proc sbin srv tmp var
[root@master /]#chmod 777 disk4
[root@master /]#
【mount /dev/sda4 /disk4/】将分区mount到/disk4/上

[root@master /]#chmod 777 disk4
[root@master /]#mount /dev/sda4 /disk4/
[root@master /]#

[root@master hadoop]#umount /dev/sda4
[root@master hadoop]#df -k
Filesystem           1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2              5921544   4343924   1276820 78% /
tmpfs                   515340        72    515268   1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1               297485     31772    250353 12% /boot
[root@master hadoop]#fdisk -l

/dev/sda4 /disk4 ext2 defaults 0 0

[root@master /]#vi /etc/fstab

#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Mon Sep 9 04:49:54 2013
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=6e428aef-f3cc-424a-bf48-e66a1a3e15fe /                       ext4    defaults        1 1
UUID=6379983d-c153-49a1-b689-e6184afa679d /boot                   ext4    defaults        1 2
UUID=2ebaf8ae-1ece-46a4-a73f-a06260c5f1dc swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0
devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0
proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0

/dev/sda4 /disk4 ext2 defaults 0 0

============================
回退
1、[root@master hadoop]#vi /etc/fstab 注释
#/dev/sda4 /disk4 ext2 defaults 0 0
2、卸载

3、删除分区dea4

[root@master hadoop]#fdisk /dev/sda

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): p

Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1-4): 4

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
[root@master hadoop]#fidsk -l
bash: fidsk: command not found
[root@master hadoop]#dfisk -l
bash: dfisk: command not found
[root@master hadoop]#fdisk -l

5、改成lvm

Command (m for help): ^H
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-4): 4
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 4 to 8e (Linux LVM)

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

[root@master hadoop]#fdisk -l

格式化
[root@master hadoop]#mkfs.ext3 /dev/sda4
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
458752 inodes, 1834756 blocks
91737 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1879048192
56 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632

Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks):
done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 27 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@master hadoop]#
[root@master hadoop]#

http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2011-02/32083.htm

http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_709919050100wap1.html

使用工具
http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-03/115027.htm

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大数据实验增加，导致虚拟机的根目录/ 磁盘空间不够，会带来各种问题， 使用gpated工具解决！！

大数据实验增加，导致虚拟机的根目录/ 磁盘空间不够，会带来各种问题，使用gpated工具解决！！