C小项目——电子词典

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C语言项目——查字典


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【项目需求描述】

一、单词查询

给定文本文件“dict.txt”,该文件用于存储词库。词库为--双语词典,每个单词和其解释的格式固定,如下所示:

#单词

Trans:解释1@解释2@…解释n

每个新单词由“#”开头,解释之间使用“@”隔开。一个词可能有多个解释,解释均存储在一行里,行首固定以“Trans开头。下面是一个典型的例子:

#abyssinian

Trans:a. 阿比西尼亚的@n. 阿比西尼亚人;依索比亚人

该词有两个解释,一个是“a. 阿比西尼亚的;另一个是“n. 阿比西尼亚人;依索比亚人

要求编写程序将词库文件读取到内存中,接受用户输入的单词,在字典中查找单词,并且将解释输出到屏幕上。用户可以反复输入,直到用户输入“exit”字典程序退出。

程序执行格式如下所示:

./app –text

-text表示使用文本词库进行单词查找。

二、建立索引,并且使用索引进行单词查询

要求建立二进制索引,索引格式如下图所示。将文本文件“dict.txt”文件转换为上图所示索引文件“dict.dat”,使用索引文件实现单词查找。程序执行格式如下:

./app –index

-index表示使用文本词库dict.txt建立二进制索引词库dict.dat

./app –bin

-bin表示使用二进制索引词库进行单词查找。

//================================================================================================================

一、文本文件单词查询

1、单词结构:

#单词

Trans:解释1@解释2@…解释n

dict.txt文件中,单词占一行,以“#”开头;解释以Trans:开头,内容以“@”分隔。结构我采用链表。具体结构定义如下:

// 单词链表 ---- 单词名称,翻译的个数,单词翻译的结果

typedef struct dict

{

  char word[TARGET_WORD_MAX_SIZE]; // 要输入的单词,如"#superstar"

  uint8_t mean_count;  // 单词解释的个数,如既可以做名词也可以做动词,

  char trans[TARGET_WORD_MEANING_COUNT][TARGET_WORD_MAX_TRANSLATION]; // 翻译结果,用@分开strtok分割函数)

  struct dict *next;

} word_t, *dict_t;

2、接口定义

2.1、文件中单词的总数:要建立单链表,就要知道单链表的长度,因此,要知道文件中单词的总个数,定义如下接口:

uint32_t ListCount(FILE *fp); // 词典里面单词的个数,即是要创建链表的长度

2.2、创建单链表:从文件中一项一项读出单词及其解释,填充到单词结构体中,创建单链表就是分配内存并连接节点的过程,定义接口如下(count是单词的总数):

dict_t CreateList(dict_t head, FILE *fp, uint32_t count); // 创建单链表,返回首节点。分配内存。

2.3、查找单词:从链表中匹配要查找的单词,找到了就输出单词解释,定义接口如下:

void SearchList(dict_t head, uint32_t count); // 查找输入的单词

2.4、释放内存:创建链表分配的内存在结束时释放,定义接口如下:

void DestroyList(dict_t head); // 释放内存


二、建立索引文件dict.data

1、索引结构

如上图所示,包含如下内容:索引头单词个数(4字节),单词1的单词长度(4字节),单词1的内容(单词长度个字节),单词1的解释个数(4字节),解释1的长度(4字节),解释1的内容(解释1的长度),解释2的长度(4字节),解释2的内容(解释2的长度)...按照这个格式将dict.txt文件的内容写到dict.dat的索引文件中。结构和上面文本查询的结构一样。

2、接口定义

  将链表的节点按上面的格式一个一个写到索引文件dict.dat中,用fwrite函数写,定义接口如下:

// 链表头结点head,文件名,链表长度

void WriteIndexFile(dict_t head, const char *filename, uint32_t count);


三、索引文件查找单词

上面建立了索引文件,并按协议的格式将文本文件的内容写到了索引文件中,通过索引查找单词就是从索引文件读出要查找的单词,用fread函数读,接口定义如下:

void ReadIndexFile(dict_t head, const char *filename, uint32_t *count);


具体实现:

#ifndef _TARGET_H_#define _TARGET_H_#include <stdlib.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <string.h>typedef unsigned char uint8_t;typedef unsigned int  uint32_t;#define TARGET_TEXT_NAME            "./dict.txt"#define TARGET_INDEX_NAME           "./dict.dat"#define TARGET_WORD_MAX_SIZE        60#define TARGET_WORD_MEANING_COUNT   20#define TARGET_WORD_MAX_TRANSLATION 100#define TARGET_WORD_BUFFER          1024// 单词链表 ---- 单词名称,单词有几种翻译,单词翻译的结果typedef struct dict{  char word[TARGET_WORD_MAX_SIZE]; // 要输入的单词,如"#superstar"  uint8_t mean_count;  // 单词解释的个数,如既可以做名词也可以做动词,用@分开  char trans[TARGET_WORD_MEANING_COUNT][TARGET_WORD_MAX_TRANSLATION]; // 翻译结果  struct dict *next;} word_t, *dict_t;uint32_t ListCount(FILE *fp); // 词典里面单词的个数,即是要创建链表的长度dict_t CreateList(dict_t head, FILE *fp, uint32_t count); // 创建单链表,返回首节点。分配内存。void SearchList(dict_t head, uint32_t count); // 查找输入的单词void DestroyList(dict_t head); // 释放内存void WriteIndexFile(dict_t head, const char *filename, uint32_t count);void ReadIndexFile(dict_t head, const char *filename, uint32_t *count);void Process(int argc, char **argv); // 主进程,main函数主要调用接口#endif /* _TARGET_H_ */

main.c

#include "target.h"int main(int argc, char **argv){  if(argc < 2)  {    fprintf(stderr, "input params is too few!\n");      return 1;  }  Process(argc, argv);  return 0;}

process.c:

#include "target.h"static const char params[][15] = {"-text", "-index", "-bin", "-test1 -f", "-test2 -f"};voidProcess(int argc, char **argv){  FILE *fp;  dict_t head;  uint32_t count;  if((fp = fopen(TARGET_TEXT_NAME, "r")) == NULL)  {    fprintf(stderr, "open file failure!\n");    exit(1);  }  count = ListCount(fp);  printf("count: %d\n", count);  printf("open sucess!\n");  if((strcmp(argv[1], params[0])) == 0)  {    head = CreateList(head, fp, count);    SearchList(head, count);    fclose(fp);    DestroyList(head);  }  if((strcmp(argv[1], params[1])) == 0)  {    head = CreateList(head, fp, count);    fclose(fp);    WriteIndexFile(head, TARGET_INDEX_NAME, count);    DestroyList(head);  }  if(strcmp(argv[1], params[2]) == 0)  {    head = CreateList(head, fp, count);    ReadIndexFile(head, TARGET_INDEX_NAME, &count);    SearchList(head, count);    fclose(fp);    DestroyList(head);  }}

find_word_from_text.c

#include "target.h"static char file_exist;uint32_tListCount(FILE *fp) // 单词的个数即是链表的长度{  uint32_t count = 0;  char buffer[100];  while(fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), fp))  {    if('#' == buffer[0])    {      ++count;    }  }  rewind(fp); // 这一步一定要做,使文件指针指向文件头  return count;}dict_tCreateList(dict_t head, FILE *fp, uint32_t count)  // 创建链表,返回头结点{  dict_t new, pointer;  char buf[TARGET_WORD_BUFFER];  uint8_t word_size, trans_size, mean_count = 1, *str;  uint32_t i, j = 0;  head = (dict_t)malloc(sizeof(word_t));  //分配节点空间  if(NULL == head)  {    fprintf(stderr, "malloc failure!\n");    exit(1);  }  printf("head success!\n");  if(count > 0)  {    memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));    fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), fp);    word_size = strlen(buf);    buf[word_size - 1] = '\0';    strcpy(head->word, buf);    memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));    fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), fp);    trans_size = strlen(buf);    buf[trans_size - 1] = '\0';    str = strtok(buf, "@");    strcpy(head->trans[j++], str + 6);    while(str = strtok(NULL, "@"))    {      strcpy(head->trans[j++], str);      ++mean_count;    }    head->mean_count = mean_count;    head->next = NULL; // 到这里为止填充了首节点,并将首节点的下一个节点指向空    pointer = head;    for(i = 0; i < count - 1; ++i) // 将后面(count-1)个依次链接到首节点后面    {      mean_count = 1;      new = (dict_t)malloc(sizeof(word_t)); //分配节点空间      memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));      fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), fp);      word_size = strlen(buf);      buf[word_size - 1] = '\0';      strcpy(new->word, buf);      memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));      fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), fp);      trans_size = strlen(buf);      buf[trans_size - 1] = '\0';      for(j = 0; j < count;)      {        str = strtok(buf, "@");        strcpy(new->trans[j++], str + 6);        while(str = strtok(NULL, "@"))        {          strcpy(new->trans[j++], str);          ++mean_count;        }      }      new->mean_count = mean_count;      new->next = NULL;      pointer->next = new;      pointer = new;    }  }  rewind(fp);  return head;}voidPrintList(dict_t head){  dict_t pointer;  pointer = head;  while(pointer != NULL)  {    printf("pointer->word = %s, pointer->mean_count = %d\n", pointer->word, pointer->mean_count);    pointer = pointer->next;  }}voidSearchList(dict_t head, uint32_t count) // 从链表中查找单词{  dict_t pointer;  char str[TARGET_WORD_MAX_SIZE];  uint32_t i;  while(1)  {    file_exist = 0;    pointer = head;    printf("Please input a word:");    fgets(str, TARGET_WORD_MAX_SIZE, stdin);    str[strlen(str) - 1] = '\0';    if(strcmp(str, "exit") == 0)    {      exit(1);    }    while(pointer != NULL)    {      if((strcmp(pointer->word, str)) == 0)      {        for(i = 0; i < pointer->mean_count; ++i)        {          file_exist = 1;          fprintf(stdout, "Trans%d: %s\n", i + 1, pointer->trans[i]);        }        break;      }      pointer = pointer->next;    }    if(file_exist == 0)    {
    // 这里判断了该单词不存在,可以选择添加,也可以选择退出;/*      printf("no find!\n");      printf("Do you want to add a new word?:(Y/N)\n");      scanf("%c", &new_word);      if(new_word == 'Y' || new_word == 'y')      {        AddWordToText(head, TARGET_CUSTOM_TEXT);      }*/      exit(1);    }  }}voidDestroyList(dict_t head) {  dict_t pointer;  while(pointer != NULL)  {    pointer = head;    head = head->next;    free(pointer);  }}

find_word_from_index.c

#include "target.h"voidWriteIndexFile(dict_t head, const char *filename, uint32_t count) // 建立索引,按协议格式写入文件{  FILE *stream;  uint32_t i, word_size, trans_size, mean_count;  uint8_t j;  dict_t pointer = head;  if((stream = fopen(filename, "wb")) == NULL)  {    fprintf(stderr, "Cannot open output file.\n");    exit(1);  }  fwrite(&count, 4, 1, stream);  while(pointer != NULL)  {    word_size = strlen(pointer->word);    mean_count =  pointer->mean_count;    fwrite(&word_size, 4, 1, stream);    fwrite(pointer->word, 1, word_size, stream);    fwrite(&mean_count, 4, 1, stream);    for(j = 0; j < mean_count; ++j)    {      trans_size = strlen(pointer->trans[j]);      fwrite(&trans_size, 4, 1, stream);      fwrite(pointer->trans[j], 1, trans_size, stream);    }     pointer = pointer->next;  }  fclose(stream);}voidReadIndexFile(dict_t head, const char *filename, uint32_t *count) // 从文件中读出单词内容{  FILE *stream;  uint8_t i;  uint32_t word_size, trans_size, mean_count;  dict_t pointer = head;  printf("enter...\n");  if((stream = fopen(filename, "rb")) == NULL)  {    fprintf(stderr, "Cannot open output file.\n");    exit(1);  } // printf("read file success!...\n");  fread(count, 4, 1, stream);  printf("count = %d\n", *count);  while(pointer != NULL)  {    fread(&word_size, 4, 1, stream);   // printf("word_size = %d\n", word_size);    fread(pointer->word, 1, word_size, stream);    pointer->word[word_size] = '\0';    fread(&pointer->mean_count, 4, 1, stream);    //printf("pointer->word = %s\n", pointer->word);    //printf("pointer->mean_count = %d\n", pointer->mean_count);    for(i = 0; i < pointer->mean_count; ++i)    {      memset(pointer->trans[i], 0, sizeof(pointer->trans[i]));      fread(&trans_size, 4, 1, stream);      fread(pointer->trans[i], 1, trans_size, stream);      pointer->trans[i][trans_size] = '\0';      printf("trans_size = %d\n", trans_size);      printf("pointer->trans = %s\n", pointer->trans[i]);    }    pointer = pointer->next;  }  //fclose(stream);  printf("read over!\n");}

先用gcc编译生成可执行文件app,再分别执行文本查询,索引建立和索引查询。

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