自定义控件的自定义的属性attrs.xml下的declare-styleable中format详解

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最近在摸索自定义控件,查找到一些自定义属性的一些资料,解决转载记载下来:看了此详解才方便理解!
我们在做项目的时候,由于android自带的属性不能满足需求,android提供了自定义属性的方法,其中的format是做什么用的?以及如何使用它?下面列出一些常用的。

1. reference:参考某一资源ID。    (1)属性定义:            <declare-styleable name = "名称">                   <attr name = "background" format = "reference" />            </declare-styleable>    (2)属性使用:             <ImageView                     android:layout_width = "42dip"                     android:layout_height = "42dip"                     android:background = "@drawable/图片ID"                     />
2. color:颜色值。    (1)属性定义:            <declare-styleable name = "名称">                   <attr name = "textColor" format = "color" />            </declare-styleable>    (2)属性使用:            <TextView                     android:layout_width = "42dip"                     android:layout_height = "42dip"                     android:textColor = "#00FF00"                     />
3. boolean:布尔值。(1)属性定义:            <declare-styleable name = "名称">                   <attr name = "focusable" format = "boolean" />            </declare-styleable>    (2)属性使用:            <Button                    android:layout_width = "42dip"                    android:layout_height = "42dip"                    android:focusable = "true"                    />
4. dimension:尺寸值。    (1)属性定义:            <declare-styleable name = "名称">                   <attr name = "layout_width" format = "dimension" />            </declare-styleable>    (2)属性使用:            <Button                    android:layout_width = "42dip"                    android:layout_height = "42dip"                    />
5. float:浮点值。    (1)属性定义:            <declare-styleable name = "AlphaAnimation">                   <attr name = "fromAlpha" format = "float" />                   <attr name = "toAlpha" format = "float" />            </declare-styleable>    (2)属性使用:            <alpha                   android:fromAlpha = "1.0"                   android:toAlpha = "0.7"                   />
6. integer:整型值。    (1)属性定义:            <declare-styleable name = "AnimatedRotateDrawable">                   <attr name = "visible" />                   <attr name = "frameDuration" format="integer" />                   <attr name = "framesCount" format="integer" />                   <attr name = "pivotX" />                   <attr name = "pivotY" />                   <attr name = "drawable" />            </declare-styleable>            (2)属性使用:            <animated-rotate                   xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"                    android:drawable = "@drawable/图片ID"                    android:pivotX = "50%"                    android:pivotY = "50%"                    android:framesCount = "12"                    android:frameDuration = "100"                   />
7. string:字符串。    (1)属性定义:            <declare-styleable name = "MapView">                   <attr name = "apiKey" format = "string" />            </declare-styleable>    (2)属性使用:            <com.google.android.maps.MapView                    android:layout_width = "fill_parent"                    android:layout_height = "fill_parent"                    android:apiKey = "0jOkQ80oD1JL9C6HAja99uGXCRiS2CGjKO_bc_g"                    />
8. fraction:百分数。    (1)属性定义:            <declare-styleable name="RotateDrawable">                   <attr name = "visible" />                   <attr name = "fromDegrees" format = "float" />                   <attr name = "toDegrees" format = "float" />                   <attr name = "pivotX" format = "fraction" />                   <attr name = "pivotY" format = "fraction" />                   <attr name = "drawable" />            </declare-styleable>    (2)属性使用:            <rotate                   xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"               android:interpolator = "@anim/动画ID"                   android:fromDegrees = "0"               android:toDegrees = "360"                   android:pivotX = "200%"                   android:pivotY = "300%"               android:duration = "5000"                   android:repeatMode = "restart"                   android:repeatCount = "infinite"                   />
9. enum:枚举值。    (1)属性定义:            <declare-styleable name="名称">                   <attr name="orientation">                          <enum name="horizontal" value="0" />                          <enum name="vertical" value="1" />                   </attr>                       </declare-styleable>    (2)属性使用:            <LinearLayout                    xmlns:android = "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"                    android:orientation = "vertical"                    android:layout_width = "fill_parent"                    android:layout_height = "fill_parent"                    >            </LinearLayout>
10. flag:位或运算。     (1)属性定义:             <declare-styleable name="名称">                    <attr name="windowSoftInputMode">                            <flag name = "stateUnspecified" value = "0" />                            <flag name = "stateUnchanged" value = "1" />                            <flag name = "stateHidden" value = "2" />                            <flag name = "stateAlwaysHidden" value = "3" />                            <flag name = "stateVisible" value = "4" />                            <flag name = "stateAlwaysVisible" value = "5" />                            <flag name = "adjustUnspecified" value = "0x00" />                            <flag name = "adjustResize" value = "0x10" />                            <flag name = "adjustPan" value = "0x20" />                            <flag name = "adjustNothing" value = "0x30" />                     </attr>                     </declare-styleable>     (2)属性使用:            <activity                   android:name = ".StyleAndThemeActivity"                   android:label = "@string/app_name"                   android:windowSoftInputMode = "stateUnspecified | stateUnchanged | stateHidden">                   <intent-filter>                          <action android:name = "android.intent.action.MAIN" />                          <category android:name = "android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />                   </intent-filter>             </activity>特别要注意:     属性定义时可以指定多种类型值。    (1)属性定义:            <declare-styleable name = "名称">                   <attr name = "background" format = "reference|color" />            </declare-styleable>    (2)属性使用:             <ImageView                     android:layout_width = "42dip"                     android:layout_height = "42dip"                     android:background = "@drawable/图片ID|#00FF00"                     />

参考鸿洋
例如下面这个例子
1、自定义View的属性,首先在res/values/ 下建立一个attrs.xml , 在里面定义我们的属性和声明我们的整个样式。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>  <resources>      <attr name="titleText" format="string" />      <attr name="titleTextColor" format="color" />      <attr name="titleTextSize" format="dimension" />      <declare-styleable name="CustomTitleView">          <attr name="titleText" />          <attr name="titleTextColor" />          <attr name="titleTextSize" />      </declare-styleable>  </resources>

我们定义了字体,字体颜色,字体大小3个属性,format是值该属性的取值类型:
然后在布局中声明我们的自定义View

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"      xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"      xmlns:custom="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.example.customview01"      android:layout_width="match_parent"      android:layout_height="match_parent" >      <com.example.customview01.view.CustomTitleView          android:layout_width="200dp"          android:layout_height="100dp"          custom:titleText="3712"          custom:titleTextColor="#ff0000"          custom:titleTextSize="40sp" />  </RelativeLayout> 

一定要引入 xmlns:custom=”http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.example.customview01”我们的命名空间,后面的包路径指的是项目的package

public CustomTitleView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle)      {          super(context, attrs, defStyle);          /**          * 获得我们所定义的自定义样式属性          */          TypedArray a = context.getTheme().obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.CustomTitleView, defStyle, 0);          int n = a.getIndexCount();          for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)          {              int attr = a.getIndex(i);              switch (attr)              {              case R.styleable.CustomTitleView_titleText:                  mTitleText = a.getString(attr);                  break;              case R.styleable.CustomTitleView_titleTextColor:                  // 默认颜色设置为黑色                  mTitleTextColor = a.getColor(attr, Color.BLACK);                  break;              case R.styleable.CustomTitleView_titleTextSize:                  // 默认设置为16sp,TypeValue也可以把sp转化为px                  mTitleTextSize = a.getDimensionPixelSize(attr, (int) TypedValue.applyDimension(                          TypedValue.COMPLEX_UNIT_SP, 16, getResources().getDisplayMetrics()));                  break;              }          }          a.recycle();  
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