POJ 2478-Farey Sequence(欧拉函数)

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Farey Sequence
Time Limit: 1000MS Memory Limit: 65536KTotal Submissions: 14071 Accepted: 5567

Description

The Farey Sequence Fn for any integer n with n >= 2 is the set of irreducible rational numbers a/b with 0 < a < b <= n and gcd(a,b) = 1 arranged in increasing order. The first few are 
F2 = {1/2} 
F3 = {1/3, 1/2, 2/3} 
F4 = {1/4, 1/3, 1/2, 2/3, 3/4} 
F5 = {1/5, 1/4, 1/3, 2/5, 1/2, 3/5, 2/3, 3/4, 4/5} 

You task is to calculate the number of terms in the Farey sequence Fn.

Input

There are several test cases. Each test case has only one line, which contains a positive integer n (2 <= n <= 106). There are no blank lines between cases. A line with a single 0 terminates the input.

Output

For each test case, you should output one line, which contains N(n) ---- the number of terms in the Farey sequence Fn. 

Sample Input

23450

Sample Output

1359

Source

POJ Contest,Author:Mathematica@ZSU


题意:
给定一个数n,求所有小于等于n的正整数中,有多少对是互质的。

知识点:
欧拉函数。
可以先套欧拉函数模板,然后从1-n枚举,依次使用欧拉函数求出值然后相加。

就像下面这样:

#include<iostream>using namespace std;int oula(int n){    int i,ans=n;    for(i=2; i*i<=n; ++i)        if(n%i==0)        {            ans-=ans/i;            while(n%i==0)                n/=i;        }    if(n>1)        ans-=ans/n;    return ans;}int main(){    int n,i;    while(cin>>n&&n)    {        int ans=0;        for(i=2; i<=n; ++i)            ans+=oula(i);        cout<<ans<<endl;    }    return 0;}


但是!!!这种方法会超时!!

由于这种情况下频繁的使用欧拉函数,所以需要预先打表。
所以,我们要使用递推求欧拉函数的方法。
预先把所有数的欧拉函数值都置为它本身,定理:如果p是一个正整数而且满足φ(p)=p-1,则这个数是素数。
在遍历过程中如果遇到与自身相等的情况,那么说明该数为素数,改变这个数的欧拉函数值,同时也能把该素因子整除的数改变。其复杂度为O(nlnn)。

AC代码如下:
#include<iostream>#include<cstdio>#include<cstring>using namespace std;const long long N=1000000;long long a[N+5];int main(){    int n,i,j;    for(i=1; i<=N; ++i)        a[i]=i;    for(i=2; i<=N; i+=2)        a[i]/=2;    for(i=3; i<=N; i+=2)        if(a[i]==i)            for(j=i; j<=N; j+=i)                a[j]=a[j]/i*(i-1);    for(i=3; i<=N; ++i)        a[i]+=a[i-1];    while(~scanf("%d",&n)&&n)        printf("%lld\n",a[n]);    return 0;}


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