java 多线程实现生产者消费者模型

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1、在线程操作中有一个经典的案例程序,即生产者和消费者问题,生产者不断生产,消费者不断取走生产者生产的产品。程序的基本实现如下:

package Thread;/** * 信息类 */class Info {    private String name = "张三";    private String content = "产品经理";    public String getName() {        return name;    }    public void setName(String name) {        this.name = name;    }    public String getContent() {        return content;    }    public void setContent(String content) {        this.content = content;    }}/** * 生产者 */class Producer implements Runnable{    private Info info = null;    public Producer(Info info){        this.info = info;    }    @Override    public void run() {        // TODO Auto-generated method stub        boolean flag = true;        for(int i=0;i<50;i++){            if(flag){                this.info.setName("张三");                try{                    Thread.sleep(90);                }catch(Exception e){                    e.printStackTrace();                }                this.info.setContent("产品经理");                flag = false;            }else{                this.info.setName("李四");                try{                    Thread.sleep(90);                }catch(Exception e){                    e.printStackTrace();                }                this.info.setContent("程序员");                flag = true;            }        }    }}class Consumer implements Runnable{    private Info info = null;    public Consumer(Info info){        this.info = info;    }    @Override    public void run() {        for(int i=0;i<50;i++){            try{                Thread.sleep(100);            }catch(Exception e){                e.printStackTrace();            }            System.out.println(this.info.getName()+"-->"+this.info.getContent());        }    }}public class ThreadCaseDemo01 {    public static void main(String[] args) {        Info i = new Info();        Producer pro = new Producer(i);        Consumer con = new Consumer(i);        new Thread(pro).start();        new Thread(con).start();    }}

2、此时会出现下面两个问题:
(1)假设生产者线程刚向数据存储空间添加了信息的名称,还没有加入信息的内容,程序就切换到了消费者线程,消费者线程把信息的名称和上一个信息的内容联系到一起。
(2)生产者放了若干次的数据,消费者才开始取数据,或者是,消费者取完一个数据后,还没等到生产者放入新的数据,又重复取出已取过的数据。

3、问题解决
(1)加入同步
要为操作加入同步,则可以通过定义同步方法的方式完成,即将设置名称和姓名定义成一个同步方法,代码如下:

package Thread;/** * 信息类 */class Info {    private String name = "张三";    private String content = "产品经理";    public String getName() {        return name;    }    public void setName(String name) {        this.name = name;    }    public String getContent() {        return content;    }    public void setContent(String content) {        this.content = content;    }    public synchronized void set(String name,String content){        this.setName(name);        try {            Thread.sleep(90);        } catch (InterruptedException e) {            // TODO Auto-generated catch block            e.printStackTrace();        }        this.setContent(content);    }    public synchronized void get(){        try {            Thread.sleep(300);        } catch (InterruptedException e) {            // TODO Auto-generated catch block            e.printStackTrace();        }        System.out.println(this.getName()+"-->"+this.getContent());    }}/** * 生产者 */class Producer implements Runnable{    private Info info = null;    public Producer(Info info){        this.info = info;    }    @Override    public void run() {        // TODO Auto-generated method stub        boolean flag = true;        for(int i=0;i<50;i++){            if(flag){                this.info.set("张三", "产品经理");                flag = false;            }else{                this.info.set("李四", "程序员");                flag = true;            }        }    }}/** * 消费者 */class Consumer implements Runnable{    private Info info = null;    public Consumer(Info info){        this.info = info;    }    @Override    public void run() {        for(int i=0;i<50;i++){            try{                Thread.sleep(100);            }catch(Exception e){                e.printStackTrace();            }            this.info.get();        }    }}public class ThreadCaseDemo01 {    public static void main(String[] args) {        Info i = new Info();        Producer pro = new Producer(i);        Consumer con = new Consumer(i);        new Thread(pro).start();        new Thread(con).start();    }}

程序的运行结果部分截图如下:
这里写图片描述
从程序的运行结果中可以发现,信息错乱的问题已经解决了,但是依然存在重复读取的问题,既然有重复读取,则肯定会有重复设置的问题,那么对于这样的问题该如何解决呢?此时,就要用Object类来帮忙了
(2)加入等待与唤醒
修改Info类,代码如下:

/** * 信息类 */class Info {    private String name = "张三";    private String content = "产品经理";    private boolean flag = false;       //设置标志位    public String getName() {        return name;    }    public void setName(String name) {        this.name = name;    }    public String getContent() {        return content;    }    public void setContent(String content) {        this.content = content;    }    public synchronized void set(String name,String content){        if(!flag){            try{                super.wait();       //等待消费者取走            }catch(Exception e){                e.printStackTrace();            }        }        this.setName(name);        try {            Thread.sleep(90);        } catch (InterruptedException e) {            // TODO Auto-generated catch block            e.printStackTrace();        }        this.setContent(content);        flag = false;        super.notify();         //唤醒等待线程    }    public synchronized void get(){        if(flag){            try {                super.wait();      //等待生产者生产            } catch (InterruptedException e) {                // TODO Auto-generated catch block                e.printStackTrace();            }        }        try {            Thread.sleep(300);        } catch (InterruptedException e) {            // TODO Auto-generated catch block            e.printStackTrace();        }        System.out.println(this.getName()+"-->"+this.getContent());        flag = true;        super.notify();             //唤醒等待线程    }}

此时程序运行结果如下图:

这里写图片描述

从程序的运行结果可以清楚的发现,生产者每生产一个就要等待消费者取走,消费者每取走一个就要等待生产者生产,这样就避免了重复生产和重复取走的问题。至此问题得到解决,最终代码如下:

package Thread;/** * 信息类 */class Info {    private String name = "张三";    private String content = "产品经理";    private boolean flag = false;       //设置标志位    public String getName() {        return name;    }    public void setName(String name) {        this.name = name;    }    public String getContent() {        return content;    }    public void setContent(String content) {        this.content = content;    }    public synchronized void set(String name,String content){        if(!flag){            try{                super.wait();       //等待消费者取走            }catch(Exception e){                e.printStackTrace();            }        }        this.setName(name);        try {            Thread.sleep(90);        } catch (InterruptedException e) {            // TODO Auto-generated catch block            e.printStackTrace();        }        this.setContent(content);        flag = false;        super.notify();         //唤醒等待线程    }    public synchronized void get(){        if(flag){            try {                super.wait();      //等待生产者生产            } catch (InterruptedException e) {                // TODO Auto-generated catch block                e.printStackTrace();            }        }        try {            Thread.sleep(300);        } catch (InterruptedException e) {            // TODO Auto-generated catch block            e.printStackTrace();        }        System.out.println(this.getName()+"-->"+this.getContent());        flag = true;        super.notify();             //唤醒等待线程    }}/** * 生产者 */class Producer implements Runnable{    private Info info = null;    public Producer(Info info){        this.info = info;    }    @Override    public void run() {        // TODO Auto-generated method stub        boolean flag = true;        for(int i=0;i<50;i++){            if(flag){                this.info.set("张三", "产品经理");                flag = false;            }else{                this.info.set("李四", "程序员");                flag = true;            }        }    }}/** * 消费者 */class Consumer implements Runnable{    private Info info = null;    public Consumer(Info info){        this.info = info;    }    @Override    public void run() {        for(int i=0;i<50;i++){            try{                Thread.sleep(100);            }catch(Exception e){                e.printStackTrace();            }            this.info.get();        }    }}public class ThreadCaseDemo01 {    public static void main(String[] args) {        Info i = new Info();        Producer pro = new Producer(i);        Consumer con = new Consumer(i);        new Thread(pro).start();        new Thread(con).start();    }}
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