pip安装使用详解

转自https://www.ttlsa.com/python/how-to-install-and-use-pip-ttlsa/

pip类似RedHat里面的yum，安装Python包非常方便。本节详细介绍pip的安装、以及使用方法。

1.pip下载安装
1.1 pip下载

$wget "https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/pip/pip-1.5.4.tar.gz#md5=834b2904f92d46aaa333267fb1c922bb" --no-check-certificate


1.2 pip安装

$tar -xzvf pip-1.5.4.tar.gz$cd pip-1.5.4$python setup.py install

1. pip使用详解
   2.1 pip安装包

$pip install SomePackage [...]  Successfully installed SomePackage

2.2 pip查看已安装的包

$pip show --files SomePackageName: SomePackageVersion: 1.0Location: /my/env/lib/pythonx.x/site-packagesFiles: ../somepackage/__init__.py [...]

2.3 pip检查哪些包需要更新

$pip list --outdatedSomePackage (Current: 1.0 Latest: 2.0)

2.4 pip升级包

$pip install --upgrade SomePackage [...] Found existing installation: SomePackage 1.0 Uninstalling SomePackage:   Successfully uninstalled SomePackage Running setup.py install for SomePackage Successfully installed SomePackage

2.5 pip卸载包

$ pip uninstall SomePackage Uninstalling SomePackage:    /my/env/lib/pythonx.x/site-packages/somepackage  Proceed (y/n)? y  Successfully uninstalled SomePackage

1. pip使用实例
   3.1 安装redis

$pip install redis

3.2 卸载redis

$pip uninstall redisUninstalling redis:  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/redis-2.9.1-py2.6.egg-info.....省略一些内容....Proceed (y/n)? y  Successfully uninstalled redis

3.3 查看待更新包

$pip list --outdatepygpgme (Current: 0.1 Latest: 0.3)pycurl (Current: 7.19.0 Latest: 7.19.3.1)iniparse (Current: 0.3.1 Latest: 0.4)

4.常见错误
4.1 ImportError No module named setuptools
安装ngxtop的过程，执行python setup.py install，报错：“ImportError No module named setuptools”，大概意思是说缺少setuptools这个模块。
安装setuptools:

$wget "https://bitbucket.org/pypa/setuptools/get/default.tar.gz#egg=setuptools-dev" --no-check-certificate$tar -xzvf default.tar.gz$cd pypa-setuptools-eb92fc5071bf //依据你的解压目录名而定$python setup.py install

安装完成之后，在执行你的安装程序命令（python setup.py install）即可。

5.pip参数解释

$pip --help    Usage:         pip <command> [options]        Commands:          install                     安装包.          uninstall                   卸载包.          freeze                      按着一定格式输出已安装包列表          list                        列出已安装包.          show                        显示包详细信息.          search                      搜索包，类似yum里的search.          wheel                       Build wheels from your requirements.          zip                         不推荐. Zip individual packages.          unzip                       不推荐. Unzip individual packages.          bundle                      不推荐. Create pybundles.          help                        当前帮助.   General Options:          -h, --help                  显示帮助.          -v, --verbose               更多的输出，最多可以使用3次          -V, --version               现实版本信息然后退出.          -q, --quiet                 最少的输出.          --log-file <path>           覆盖的方式记录verbose错误日志，默认文件：/root/.pip/pip.log          --log <path>                不覆盖记录verbose输出的日志.          --proxy <proxy>             Specify a proxy in the form [user:passwd@]proxy.server:port.          --timeout <sec>             连接超时时间 (默认15秒).          --exists-action <action>    Default action when a path already exists: (s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup.          --cert <path>               证书.