Spring的事务及五种配置方式

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SSH框架风靡整个IT行业，而作为该框架中的管理员，Spring负责管理其他的框架，协调各个部分的工作。那么今天小编就带大家一起学习Spring的事务管理和不同的配置方式：

* Spring配置文件中关于事务配置的有三个部分：datasource，TransactionManager和代理机制，无论是哪种配置方式，一般的变化只是代理机制这部分；

* DataSource、TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化；如：使用hibernate进行数据访问时，DataSourc实际为SessionFactory，TransactionManager实际为HibernateTransactionManager：

既然Spring是SSH框架中的管理员，而它的事务管理又这么牛气，那么我们应该如何将Spring的事务配置在项目中，供我们使用呢？

根据代理机制的不同，Spring事务的配置方式分为如下五种:

* 1.每一个Bean都有一个代理：

<span style="font-size:18px;"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">    <bean id="sessionFactory"              class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">          <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />          <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />    </bean>      <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->      <bean id="transactionManager"        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />    </bean>        <!-- 配置DAO -->    <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />    </bean>        <bean id="userDao"          class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean">             <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->             <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />             <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />           <property name="proxyInterfaces" value="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao" />        <!-- 配置事务属性 -->          <property name="transactionAttributes">              <props>                  <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>            </props>          </property>      </bean>  </beans><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="white-space: normal;"></span></span></span>

* 2.所有Bean共享一个代理基类：

<span style="font-size:18px;"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">    <bean id="sessionFactory"              class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">          <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />          <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />    </bean>      <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->      <bean id="transactionManager"        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />    </bean>        <bean id="transactionBase"              class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"              lazy-init="true" abstract="true">          <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->          <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />          <!-- 配置事务属性 -->          <property name="transactionAttributes">              <props>                  <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>              </props>          </property>      </bean>           <!-- 配置DAO -->    <bean id="userDaoTarget" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />    </bean>        <bean id="userDao" parent="transactionBase" >          <property name="target" ref="userDaoTarget" />       </bean></beans><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="white-space: normal;"></span></span></span>

* 3.使用拦截器：

<span style="font-size:18px;"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd">    <bean id="sessionFactory"              class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">          <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />          <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />    </bean>      <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->      <bean id="transactionManager"        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />    </bean>        <bean id="transactionInterceptor"          class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor">          <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />          <!-- 配置事务属性 -->          <property name="transactionAttributes">              <props>                  <prop key="*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop>              </props>          </property>      </bean>          <bean class="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator">          <property name="beanNames">              <list>                  <value>*Dao</value>            </list>          </property>          <property name="interceptorNames">              <list>                  <value>transactionInterceptor</value>              </list>          </property>      </bean>        <!-- 配置DAO -->    <bean id="userDao" class="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl">        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />    </bean></beans></span>

* 4.使用tx标签配置的拦截器：

<span style="font-size:18px;"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">    <context:annotation-config />    <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" />    <bean id="sessionFactory"              class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">          <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />          <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />    </bean>      <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->      <bean id="transactionManager"        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />    </bean>    <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">        <tx:attributes>            <tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" />        </tx:attributes>    </tx:advice>        <aop:config>        <aop:pointcut id="interceptorPointCuts"            expression="execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))" />        <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice"            pointcut-ref="interceptorPointCuts" />            </aop:config>      </beans><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="white-space: normal;"></span></span></span>

* 5.全注解：

<span style="font-size:18px;"><?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd">    <context:annotation-config />    <context:component-scan base-package="com.bluesky" />    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>    <bean id="sessionFactory"              class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">          <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" />          <property name="configurationClass" value="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration" />    </bean>      <!-- 定义事务管理器（声明式的事务） -->      <bean id="transactionManager"        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />    </bean></beans><span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="white-space: normal;"></span></span></span>

这样的话我们就必须在dao层加上@Transactional的注解；

回顾做过的项目，小编经常使用的有第一种，第三种和第五种，相对于其他方式，注解方式比较传统，它简单明了，但是不太适用于比较大的项目；所以每种方式都有自己独特之处和适用的环境，所以选择何种配置方式，要看这种方式在实际中的应用是否合适；

以上是小编对Spring五种事务配置方式的理解和总结，希望能帮到大家，还希望大家多多提意见和建议！

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