Oracle数据库动态注册和参数local_listener的使用

从Oracle8i版本开始，在oracle数据库当中，应用如果没有特殊需求的话，数据库监听不需要做出配置，oracle把这种方法称为动态注册。所谓动态注册，oracle通过PMON进程根据参数instance_name和service_names中的内容，把oracle数据库的信息注册到默认的1521端口的监听器上。不管服务器端有几个监听程序，oracle默认都是注册到1521端口的监听器，也就是说，对于其他端口的监听器来说，如果想要正常的识别远程客户端提供的信息，需要做出配置，也就是静态注册。在lsnrctl命令下，通过services命令可以观察到是静态注册还是动态注册。如果是静态注册的话，oracle显示的服务的状态是unknown，如果是动态注册的话，服务的状态显示是ready。不过，如果用户想要修改动态注册的端口，这也是可以实现的，可以通过设置数据库的local_listener参数来实现。


我们来看下面的一个例子，首先，在数据库默认情况下，local_listener参数为空，没有设置。

[oracle@ztj10 admin]$ sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Apr 22 03:03:44 2012Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Connected to:Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining optionsSQL> show parameter local_lNAME                                 TYPE        VALUE------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------local_listener                       stringSQL> exitDisconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

查看监听器注册的服务，READY表示动态注册。

[oracle@ztj10 admin]$ lsnrctlLSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 22-APR-2012 03:04:03Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Welcome to LSNRCTL, type "help" for information.LSNRCTL> servicesConnecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))Services Summary...Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).  Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...    Handler(s):      "DEDICATED" established:0 refused:0         LOCAL SERVERService "db01" has 1 instance(s).  Instance "db01", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...    Handler(s):      "DEDICATED" established:0 refused:0 state:ready         LOCAL SERVERService "db01XDB" has 1 instance(s).  Instance "db01", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...    Handler(s):      "D000" established:0 refused:0 current:0 max:1022 state:ready         DISPATCHER <machine: ztj10, pid: 21629>         (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=ztj10)(PORT=46550))Service "db01_XPT" has 1 instance(s).  Instance "db01", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...    Handler(s):      "DEDICATED" established:0 refused:0 state:ready         LOCAL SERVERThe command completed successfullyLSNRCTL> services listener1Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.1.100)(PORT=1530)))Services Summary...Service "dbtest" has 1 instance(s).  Instance "db01", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...    Handler(s):      "DEDICATED" established:0 refused:0         LOCAL SERVERThe command completed successfullyLSNRCTL> exit

根据上面的信息我们可以看到，现在oracle动态注册到1521端口的监听器listener，而listener1是静态注册，监听器使用的端口是1530。接下来我们做出配置，让PMON进程动态注册到1530端口的监听器。


使用more命令，得到listener.ora文件里红色部分的内容

[oracle@ztj10 admin]$ more listener.ora# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/network/admin/listener.ora# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.LISTENER1 =  (DESCRIPTION =    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.100)(PORT = 1530))  )SID_LIST_LISTENER =  (SID_LIST =    (SID_DESC =      (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0)      (PROGRAM = extproc)    )  )SID_LIST_LISTENER1 =  (SID_LIST =    (SID_DESC =      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = dbtest)      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0)      (SID_NAME = db01)    )  )LISTENER =  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =    (DESCRIPTION =      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))    )    (DESCRIPTION =      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ztj10)(PORT = 1521))    )  )

编辑tnsnames.ora文件，把刚才拿到的内容做一下处理，如下红色部分

[oracle@ztj10 admin]$ vi tnsnames.ora# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/network/admin/tnsnames.ora# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.DB01 =  (DESCRIPTION =    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ztj10)(PORT = 1521))    (CONNECT_DATA =      (SERVER = DEDICATED)      (SERVICE_NAME = db01)    )  )EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA =  (DESCRIPTION =    (ADDRESS_LIST =      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))    )    (CONNECT_DATA =      (SID = PLSExtProc)      (PRESENTATION = RO)    )local_l=(DESCRIPTION =    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.100)(PORT = 1530))          (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.1.100)(PORT = 1530))"tnsnames.ora" 28L, 627C written

修改数据库，把参数local_listener的值改为tnsnames.ora文件中刚刚做好的服务名local_l

[oracle@ztj10 admin]$ sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Apr 22 03:06:07 2012Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reservedConnected to:Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining optionsSQL> alter system set local_listener=local_l;System altered.SQL>alter system register;    System altered.SQL> exitDisconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

再到监听器中观察，我们看到现在动态注册的信息到listener1中去了。现在PMON oracle动态注册到1530端口，1521端口不在有动态注册信息。

[oracle@ztj10 admin]$ lsnrctlLSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 22-APR-2012 03:06:27Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Welcome to LSNRCTL, type "help" for information.LSNRCTL> servicesConnecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1)))Services Summary...Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).  Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...    Handler(s):      "DEDICATED" established:0 refused:0         LOCAL SERVERThe command completed successfullyLSNRCTL> services listener1Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.1.100)(PORT=1530)))Services Summary...Service "db01" has 1 instance(s).  Instance "db01", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...    Handler(s):      "DEDICATED" established:0 refused:0 state:ready         LOCAL SERVERService "db01XDB" has 1 instance(s).  Instance "db01", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...    Handler(s):      "D000" established:0 refused:0 current:0 max:1022 state:ready         DISPATCHER <machine: ztj10, pid: 21629>         (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=ztj10)(PORT=46550))Service "db01_XPT" has 1 instance(s).  Instance "db01", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...    Handler(s):      "DEDICATED" established:0 refused:0 state:ready         LOCAL SERVERService "dbtest" has 1 instance(s).  Instance "db01", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...    Handler(s):      "DEDICATED" established:0 refused:0         LOCAL SERVERThe command completed successfully