mybatis-实现关联表查询

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一、一对一关联

 1.1、提出需求

  根据班级id查询班级信息(带老师的信息)

1.2、创建表和数据

  创建一张教师表和班级表,这里我们假设一个老师只负责教一个班,那么老师和班级之间的关系就是一种一对一的关系。

CREATE TABLE teacher(    t_id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,     t_name VARCHAR(20));CREATE TABLE class(    c_id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,     c_name VARCHAR(20),     teacher_id INT);ALTER TABLE class ADD CONSTRAINT fk_teacher_id FOREIGN KEY (teacher_id) REFERENCES teacher(t_id);    INSERT INTO teacher(t_name) VALUES('teacher1');INSERT INTO teacher(t_name) VALUES('teacher2');INSERT INTO class(c_name, teacher_id) VALUES('class_a', 1);INSERT INTO class(c_name, teacher_id) VALUES('class_b', 2);


表之间的关系如下:

  

1.3、定义实体类

  1、Teacher类,Teacher类是teacher表对应的实体类。

package me.gacl.domain;/** * @author gacl * 定义teacher表对应的实体类 */public class Teacher {    //定义实体类的属性,与teacher表中的字段对应    private int id;            //id===>t_id    private String name;    //name===>t_name    public int getId() {        return id;    }    public void setId(int id) {        this.id = id;    }    public String getName() {        return name;    }    public void setName(String name) {        this.name = name;    }    @Override    public String toString() {        return "Teacher [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + "]";    }}

2、Classes类,Classes类是class表对应的实体类


package me.gacl.domain;/** * @author gacl * 定义class表对应的实体类 */public class Classes {    //定义实体类的属性,与class表中的字段对应    private int id;            //id===>c_id    private String name;    //name===>c_name        /**     * class表中有一个teacher_id字段,所以在Classes类中定义一个teacher属性,     * 用于维护teacher和class之间的一对一关系,通过这个teacher属性就可以知道这个班级是由哪个老师负责的     */    private Teacher teacher;    public int getId() {        return id;    }    public void setId(int id) {        this.id = id;    }    public String getName() {        return name;    }    public void setName(String name) {        this.name = name;    }    public Teacher getTeacher() {        return teacher;    }    public void setTeacher(Teacher teacher) {        this.teacher = teacher;    }    @Override    public String toString() {        return "Classes [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", teacher=" + teacher+ "]";    }}

1.4、定义sql映射文件classMapper.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?><!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"><!-- 为这个mapper指定一个唯一的namespace,namespace的值习惯上设置成包名+sql映射文件名,这样就能够保证namespace的值是唯一的例如namespace="me.gacl.mapping.classMapper"就是me.gacl.mapping(包名)+classMapper(classMapper.xml文件去除后缀) --><mapper namespace="me.gacl.mapping.classMapper">    <!--         根据班级id查询班级信息(带老师的信息)        ##1. 联表查询        SELECT * FROM class c,teacher t WHERE c.teacher_id=t.t_id AND c.c_id=1;                ##2. 执行两次查询        SELECT * FROM class WHERE c_id=1;  //teacher_id=1        SELECT * FROM teacher WHERE t_id=1;//使用上面得到的teacher_id     -->    <!--     方式一:嵌套结果:使用嵌套结果映射来处理重复的联合结果的子集             封装联表查询的数据(去除重复的数据)        select * from class c, teacher t where c.teacher_id=t.t_id and c.c_id=1    -->    <select id="getClass" parameterType="int" resultMap="ClassResultMap">        select * from class c, teacher t where c.teacher_id=t.t_id and c.c_id=#{id}    </select>    <!-- 使用resultMap映射实体类和字段之间的一一对应关系 -->    <resultMap type="me.gacl.domain.Classes" id="ClassResultMap">        <id property="id" column="c_id"/>        <result property="name" column="c_name"/>        <association property="teacher" javaType="me.gacl.domain.Teacher">            <id property="id" column="t_id"/>            <result property="name" column="t_name"/>        </association>    </resultMap>        <!--     方式二:嵌套查询:通过执行另外一个SQL映射语句来返回预期的复杂类型        SELECT * FROM class WHERE c_id=1;        SELECT * FROM teacher WHERE t_id=1   //1 是上一个查询得到的teacher_id的值    -->     <select id="getClass2" parameterType="int" resultMap="ClassResultMap2">        select * from class where c_id=#{id}     </select>     <!-- 使用resultMap映射实体类和字段之间的一一对应关系 -->     <resultMap type="me.gacl.domain.Classes" id="ClassResultMap2">        <id property="id" column="c_id"/>        <result property="name" column="c_name"/>        <association property="teacher" column="teacher_id" select="getTeacher"/>     </resultMap>          <select id="getTeacher" parameterType="int" resultType="me.gacl.domain.Teacher">        SELECT t_id id, t_name name FROM teacher WHERE t_id=#{id}     </select></mapper>

在conf.xml文件中注册classMapper.xml

<mappers>        <!-- 注册classMapper.xml文件,         classMapper.xml位于me.gacl.mapping这个包下,所以resource写成me/gacl/mapping/classMapper.xml-->        <mapper resource="me/gacl/mapping/classMapper.xml"/></mappers>

1.5、编写单元测试代码

package me.gacl.test;import me.gacl.domain.Classes;import me.gacl.util.MyBatisUtil;import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;import org.junit.Test;public class Test3 {        @Test    public void testGetClass(){        SqlSession sqlSession = MyBatisUtil.getSqlSession();        /**         * 映射sql的标识字符串,         * me.gacl.mapping.classMapper是classMapper.xml文件中mapper标签的namespace属性的值,         * getClass是select标签的id属性值,通过select标签的id属性值就可以找到要执行的SQL         */        String statement = "me.gacl.mapping.classMapper.getClass";//映射sql的标识字符串        //执行查询操作,将查询结果自动封装成Classes对象返回        Classes clazz = sqlSession.selectOne(statement,1);//查询class表中id为1的记录        //使用SqlSession执行完SQL之后需要关闭SqlSession        sqlSession.close();        System.out.println(clazz);//打印结果:Classes [id=1, name=class_a, teacher=Teacher [id=1, name=teacher1]]    }        @Test    public void testGetClass2(){        SqlSession sqlSession = MyBatisUtil.getSqlSession();        /**         * 映射sql的标识字符串,         * me.gacl.mapping.classMapper是classMapper.xml文件中mapper标签的namespace属性的值,         * getClass2是select标签的id属性值,通过select标签的id属性值就可以找到要执行的SQL         */        String statement = "me.gacl.mapping.classMapper.getClass2";//映射sql的标识字符串        //执行查询操作,将查询结果自动封装成Classes对象返回        Classes clazz = sqlSession.selectOne(statement,1);//查询class表中id为1的记录        //使用SqlSession执行完SQL之后需要关闭SqlSession        sqlSession.close();        System.out.println(clazz);//打印结果:Classes [id=1, name=class_a, teacher=Teacher [id=1, name=teacher1]]    }}

1.6、MyBatis一对一关联查询总结

  MyBatis中使用association标签来解决一对一的关联查询,association标签可用的属性如下:

  • property:对象属性的名称
  • javaType:对象属性的类型
  • column:所对应的外键字段名称
  • select:使用另一个查询封装的结果
CREATE TABLE student(    s_id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,     s_name VARCHAR(20),     class_id INT);INSERT INTO student(s_name, class_id) VALUES('student_A', 1);INSERT INTO student(s_name, class_id) VALUES('student_B', 1);INSERT INTO student(s_name, class_id) VALUES('student_C', 1);INSERT INTO student(s_name, class_id) VALUES('student_D', 2);INSERT INTO student(s_name, class_id) VALUES('student_E', 2);INSERT INTO student(s_name, class_id) VALUES('student_F', 2);

2.3、定义实体类

  1、Student类

package me.gacl.domain;/** * @author gacl * 定义student表所对应的实体类 */public class Student {    //定义属性,和student表中的字段对应    private int id;            //id===>s_id    private String name;    //name===>s_name        public int getId() {        return id;    }    public void setId(int id) {        this.id = id;    }    public String getName() {        return name;    }    public void setName(String name) {        this.name = name;    }    @Override    public String toString() {        return "Student [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + "]";    }}

2、修改Classes类,添加一个List<Student> students属性,使用一个List<Student>集合属性表示班级拥有的学生,如下:

package me.gacl.domain;import java.util.List;/** * @author gacl * 定义class表对应的实体类 */public class Classes {    //定义实体类的属性,与class表中的字段对应    private int id;            //id===>c_id    private String name;    //name===>c_name        /**     * class表中有一个teacher_id字段,所以在Classes类中定义一个teacher属性,     * 用于维护teacher和class之间的一对一关系,通过这个teacher属性就可以知道这个班级是由哪个老师负责的     */    private Teacher teacher;    //使用一个List<Student>集合属性表示班级拥有的学生    private List<Student> students;    public int getId() {        return id;    }    public void setId(int id) {        this.id = id;    }    public String getName() {        return name;    }    public void setName(String name) {        this.name = name;    }    public Teacher getTeacher() {        return teacher;    }    public void setTeacher(Teacher teacher) {        this.teacher = teacher;    }    public List<Student> getStudents() {        return students;    }    public void setStudents(List<Student> students) {        this.students = students;    }    @Override    public String toString() {        return "Classes [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", teacher=" + teacher                + ", students=" + students + "]";    }}

2.4、修改sql映射文件classMapper.xml

  添加如下的SQL映射信息

<!--         根据classId查询对应的班级信息,包括学生,老师     -->    <!--     方式一: 嵌套结果: 使用嵌套结果映射来处理重复的联合结果的子集    SELECT * FROM class c, teacher t,student s WHERE c.teacher_id=t.t_id AND c.C_id=s.class_id AND  c.c_id=1     -->    <select id="getClass3" parameterType="int" resultMap="ClassResultMap3">        select * from class c, teacher t,student s where c.teacher_id=t.t_id and c.C_id=s.class_id and  c.c_id=#{id}    </select>    <resultMap type="me.gacl.domain.Classes" id="ClassResultMap3">        <id property="id" column="c_id"/>        <result property="name" column="c_name"/>        <association property="teacher" column="teacher_id" javaType="me.gacl.domain.Teacher">            <id property="id" column="t_id"/>            <result property="name" column="t_name"/>        </association>        <!-- ofType指定students集合中的对象类型 -->        <collection property="students" ofType="me.gacl.domain.Student">            <id property="id" column="s_id"/>            <result property="name" column="s_name"/>        </collection>    </resultMap>        <!--         方式二:嵌套查询:通过执行另外一个SQL映射语句来返回预期的复杂类型            SELECT * FROM class WHERE c_id=1;            SELECT * FROM teacher WHERE t_id=1   //1 是上一个查询得到的teacher_id的值            SELECT * FROM student WHERE class_id=1  //1是第一个查询得到的c_id字段的值     -->     <select id="getClass4" parameterType="int" resultMap="ClassResultMap4">        select * from class where c_id=#{id}     </select>     <resultMap type="me.gacl.domain.Classes" id="ClassResultMap4">        <id property="id" column="c_id"/>        <result property="name" column="c_name"/>        <association property="teacher" column="teacher_id" javaType="me.gacl.domain.Teacher" select="getTeacher2"></association>        <collection property="students" ofType="me.gacl.domain.Student" column="c_id" select="getStudent"></collection>     </resultMap>          <select id="getTeacher2" parameterType="int" resultType="me.gacl.domain.Teacher">        SELECT t_id id, t_name name FROM teacher WHERE t_id=#{id}     </select>          <select id="getStudent" parameterType="int" resultType="me.gacl.domain.Student">        SELECT s_id id, s_name name FROM student WHERE class_id=#{id}     </select>

2.5、编写单元测试代码

package me.gacl.test;import me.gacl.domain.Classes;import me.gacl.util.MyBatisUtil;import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;import org.junit.Test;public class Test4 {        @Test    public void testGetClass3(){        SqlSession sqlSession = MyBatisUtil.getSqlSession();        /**         * 映射sql的标识字符串,         * me.gacl.mapping.classMapper是classMapper.xml文件中mapper标签的namespace属性的值,         * getClass3是select标签的id属性值,通过select标签的id属性值就可以找到要执行的SQL         */        String statement = "me.gacl.mapping.classMapper.getClass3";//映射sql的标识字符串        //执行查询操作,将查询结果自动封装成Classes对象返回        Classes clazz = sqlSession.selectOne(statement,1);//查询class表中id为1的记录        //使用SqlSession执行完SQL之后需要关闭SqlSession        sqlSession.close();        //打印结果:Classes [id=1, name=class_a, teacher=Teacher [id=1, name=teacher1], students=[Student [id=1, name=student_A], Student [id=2, name=student_B], Student [id=3, name=student_C]]]        System.out.println(clazz);    }        @Test    public void testGetClass4(){        SqlSession sqlSession = MyBatisUtil.getSqlSession();        /**         * 映射sql的标识字符串,         * me.gacl.mapping.classMapper是classMapper.xml文件中mapper标签的namespace属性的值,         * getClass4是select标签的id属性值,通过select标签的id属性值就可以找到要执行的SQL         */        String statement = "me.gacl.mapping.classMapper.getClass4";//映射sql的标识字符串        //执行查询操作,将查询结果自动封装成Classes对象返回        Classes clazz = sqlSession.selectOne(statement,1);//查询class表中id为1的记录        //使用SqlSession执行完SQL之后需要关闭SqlSession        sqlSession.close();        //打印结果:Classes [id=1, name=class_a, teacher=Teacher [id=1, name=teacher1], students=[Student [id=1, name=student_A], Student [id=2, name=student_B], Student [id=3, name=student_C]]]        System.out.println(clazz);    }}

 2.6、MyBatis一对多关联查询总结

  MyBatis中使用collection标签来解决一对多的关联查询,ofType属性指定集合中元素的对象类型。


到此结束

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下面是多对多的一个简单写法,数据库和实体类仅供参考

四、多对多查询

4.1.需求:查询用户以及用户购买的商品信息

4.2.映射思路

将用户信息映射到 user 中。

user 类中添加订单列表属性 List<Orders> orderslist,将用户创建的订单映射到 orderslist;

Orders 中添加订单明细列表属性 List<OrderDetail>orderdetials,将订单的明细映射到 orderdetials;

OrderDetail 中添加 Items 属性,将订单明细所对应的商品映射到Item;

4.3.OrdersCustomMapper.xml添加如下代码

<!-- 查询用户即购买的商品信息的ResultMap -->  <resultMap type="com.mybatis.entity.User" id="userAndItemsResultMap">    <!-- 用户信息 -->    <id column="user_id" property="id"/>    <result column="username" property="username"/>    <result column="sex" property="sex"/>    <result column="address" property="address"/>  <!-- 订单信息    一个用户对应多个订单,使用collection映射 -->    <collection property="ordersList" ofType="com.mybatis.entity.Orders">       <id column="id" property="id"/>       <result column="user_id" property="userid"/>      <result column="number" property="number"/>      <result column="createtime" property="createTime"/>      <result column="note" property="note"/>     <!-- 订单明细         一个订单包括 多个明细        -->        <collection property="orderdetails" ofType="com.mybatis.entity.OrderDetail">            <id column="orderdetail_id" property="id"/>           <result column="items_id"   property="itemsId"/>           <result column="items_num"  property="itemsNum"/>           <result column="orders_id"  property="ordersId"/>           <!-- 商品信息              一个订单明细对应一个商品             -->           <association property="items" javaType="com.mybatis.entity.Items">             <id column="items_id" property="id"/>             <result column="items_name" property="itemsName"/>             <result column="items_detail" property="detail"/>             <result column="items_price" property="price"/>           </association>        </collection>      </collection>  </resultMap><!-- 查询用户及用户购买的商品信息,使用resulaMap--><select id="findUserAndItemsResultMap" resultMap="userAndItemsResultMap">    SELECT          t1.*,         t2.username,         t2.sex,         t2.address,         t3.id orderdetail_id,         t3.items_id,         t3.items_num,         t3.orders_id,         t4.itemsname items_name,         t4.detail items_detail,         t4.price items_price    FROM        orders t1,        t_user t2,        orderdetail t3,        items t4    WHERE t1.user_id =  t2.id AND  t3.orders_id=t1.id AND t3.items_id = t4.id</select>

4.4. 在OrderCustomMapper.java添加如下方法

/** 查询用户及用户所购买的商品信息 */    public List<User> findUserAndItemsResultMap();

4.5.在Junit测试类中添加测试方法


// 查询用户及用户购买的商品的信息  @Test  public void TestFindUserAndItemsResultMap() {    SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();    // 创建代理对象    OrdersCustomMapper oc = sqlSession.getMapper(OrdersCustomMapper.class);    // 调用mapper的方法    List<User> list = oc.findUserAndItemsResultMap();    System.out.println(list);    sqlSession.close();  }



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