UI进阶——地图的使用

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UI进阶——地图的使用

一、简介

地图是IOS开发中常用的模块,很多软件都有试用其定位的程序。
在应用中,想要运用地图功能和定位功能,必须在以下两个框架中进行:
Map Kit:用于地图展示。
Core Location:用于地理定位。
Core Location框架在iOS5之后不用导入。
Core Location中使用的数据类型的前缀都是CL。
Core Location中使用CLLocationManager对象来做用户定位。

二、定位服务

首先新建一个工程,在viewcontroller的.m文件中,声明两个属性:

@property (nonatomic, retain)CLLocationManager* locationManager;//所有的定位服务都需要借助此来完成@property(nonatomic, retain)CLGeocoder* geocoder;//负责地理编码和反地理编码的核心类

在viewdidload里面写(或者写在其他的方法里,在viewdidload里调用):

  //初始化编码对象    self.geocoder = [[CLGeocoder alloc] init];    self.locationManager = [[CLLocationManager alloc] init];    BOOL isLocation = [CLLocationManager locationServicesEnabled];//判断是否允许定位    if (!isLocation) {        //用户未开启定位服务,需要提醒用户开启服务        NSLog(@"请开启定位");    }else{        //取得用户授权        [self.locationManager requestAlwaysAuthorization];//无论是否在前台,都启用用户授权        //定位的频率(每隔多少米定位一次)        self.locationManager.distanceFilter = 10;        //定位的精确度        self.locationManager.desiredAccuracy = kCLLocationAccuracyHundredMeters;        //设置代理        self.locationManager.delegate = self;        //开启定位        [self.locationManager startUpdatingLocation];    }

这样子,就可以让应用程序获得定位的权限了。
几个常见的代理方法:

-(void)locationManager:(CLLocationManager *)manager didFailWithError:(NSError *)error{    NSLog(@"定位失败");}//实时获得定位信息-(void)locationManager:(CLLocationManager *)manager didUpdateLocations:(NSArray<CLLocation *> *)locations{    //locations数组里存储了一组位置信息    if (locations.count) {        CLLocation* location = [locations lastObject];//最新的位置信息,经纬度,速速        NSLog(@"%@-----",location);        //发地理编码,将location对象转化为具体的地理编码        [self.geocoder reverseGeocodeLocation:location completionHandler:^(NSArray<CLPlacemark *> * _Nullable placemarks, NSError * _Nullable error) {            if (placemarks.count) {                CLPlacemark* lastPlacemark = [placemarks lastObject];                NSLog(@"name-----%@",placemarks.lastObject);                NSLog(@"name-%@",lastPlacemark.name);                NSLog(@"subLocality----%@",lastPlacemark.subLocality);                NSLog(@"subAdministrativeArea---%@",lastPlacemark.administrativeArea);            }        }];//        NSLog(@"经度----%.2f----纬度-----%.2f",location.coordinate.longitude,location.coordinate.latitude);    }else{        NSLog(@"无定位信息");    }}

在这里实时获得位置信息的代理方法,每当用户位置发生改变的时候,都会调用。
对于地理位置的编码和反编码:
因为一般定位获得的是经纬度信息,所以,需要一定的操作来转化为具体的地址。
demo如下:

//地理编码-(void)geocoderWithPlaceString:(NSString*)placeString{    [self.geocoder geocodeAddressString:placeString completionHandler:^(NSArray<CLPlacemark *> * _Nullable placemarks, NSError * _Nullable error) {        //取出最新的位置信息        CLPlacemark *pMark = placemarks.lastObject;        self.lon.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%.2f",pMark.location.coordinate.longitude];        self.lat.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%.2f",pMark.location.coordinate.latitude];        NSLog(@"经度--%.2f,纬度--%.2f",pMark.location.coordinate.longitude,pMark.location.coordinate.latitude);    }];}//反地理编码-(void)geocderWithLocation:(CLLocation*)location{    [self.geocoder reverseGeocodeLocation:location completionHandler:^(NSArray<CLPlacemark *> * _Nullable placemarks, NSError * _Nullable error) {        if (placemarks.count) {            CLPlacemark* lastPlacemark = [placemarks lastObject];            self.addressView.text = lastPlacemark.name;            NSLog(@"name:%@",lastPlacemark.name);            NSLog(@"subLocality:%@",lastPlacemark.subLocality);            NSLog(@"subAdministrativeArea:%@",lastPlacemark.administrativeArea);        }    }];}

运行效果运行结果
在经纬度转化为地址的时候,会出现卡顿,有时会出现输入的经纬度没有地址。(有可能是荒漠、大海之类的地方);

三、地图显示

声明一个全局变量(属性):

<objectiveC>@property(nonatomic, retain)MKMapView* mapView;//显示地图控件

懒加载:

-(MKMapView *)mapView{    if (!_mapView) {        _mapView = [[MKMapView alloc]initWithFrame:self.view.bounds];    }    return _mapView;}

viewdidload方法:

- (void)viewDidLoad {    [super viewDidLoad];    // Do any additional setup after loading the view.    //设置地图的定位模式    self.mapView.userTrackingMode = MKUserTrackingModeFollowWithHeading;//    self.mapView.mapType = MKMapTypeSatellite;    self.mapView.delegate = self;    [self.view addSubview:self.mapView];    //系统提供的大头针    MKPointAnnotation* ann = [[MKPointAnnotation alloc]init];    ann.title = @"西安";    ann.subtitle = @"大牛夜市";    //大头针显示的位置    ann.coordinate = CLLocationCoordinate2DMake(35.37, 103.86);    //为地图添加大头针    [self.mapView addAnnotation:ann];    MyAnnotation* annn = [[MyAnnotation alloc]init];    annn.title = @"SB";    annn.subtitle = @"sssss";    annn.coordinate = CLLocationCoordinate2DMake(35.38, 103.86);    [self.mapView addAnnotation:annn];    //给地图添加了一个手势,可以点击添加大头针    [self.mapView addGestureRecognizer:[[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(tapMapView:)]];}

手势方法及代理方法:

-(void)tapMapView:(UITapGestureRecognizer*)tap{    //获取点    CGPoint point=[tap locationInView:self.mapView];    //点转坐标    CLLocationCoordinate2D coordi=[self.mapView convertPoint:point toCoordinateFromView:self.mapView];    NSMutableArray* array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithArray:self.mapView.annotations];//        [array removeLastObject];        NSLog(@"%@",self.mapView.annotations);        [self.mapView removeAnnotations:array];         NSLog(@"%@",self.mapView.annotations);    MyAnnotation *anno=[[MyAnnotation alloc]init];    NSLog(@"纬度--%.2f经度--%.2f",coordi.latitude,coordi.longitude);    anno.coordinate=coordi;    anno.title=@"全聚德";    anno.subtitle=@"来一只鸭子,老板!";    [self.mapView addAnnotation:anno];}#pragma mark <MKMapViewDelegate>//位置改变,执行代理方法-(void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView didUpdateUserLocation:(MKUserLocation *)userLocation{    NSLog(@"纬度--%.2f经度--%.2f",userLocation.coordinate.latitude,userLocation.coordinate.longitude);    CLGeocoder* geocoder = [[CLGeocoder alloc] init];    [geocoder reverseGeocodeLocation:userLocation.location completionHandler:^(NSArray<CLPlacemark *> * _Nullable placemarks, NSError * _Nullable error) {        CLPlacemark* placeMark = [placemarks lastObject];        //设置大头针的标题和副标题        userLocation.title = placeMark.country;        userLocation.subtitle = placeMark.name;    }];}//当地图显示区域即将改变的时候,调用的代理-(void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView regionWillChangeAnimated:(BOOL)animated{    NSLog(@"地图显示区域发生改变");}-(void)mapViewDidFailLoadingMap:(MKMapView *)mapView withError:(NSError *)error{    NSLog(@"地图加载失败");}//自定义大头针-(MKAnnotationView *)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView viewForAnnotation:(id<MKAnnotation>)annotation{    //从重用队列中取出大头针,如果有,直接用。不存在创建    MKPinAnnotationView* annView =  (MKPinAnnotationView*)[mapView dequeueReusableAnnotationViewWithIdentifier:@"ANN"];    if (!annView) {        annView = [[MKPinAnnotationView alloc]initWithAnnotation:annotation reuseIdentifier:@"ANN"];    }    if ([annotation isKindOfClass:[MyAnnotation class]]) {//        annView.image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"picture_head3.png"];//        [annView.layer setMasksToBounds:YES];//        [annView.layer setCornerRadius:25];        annView.canShowCallout = YES;        annView.leftCalloutAccessoryView = [[UILabel alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, 50, 50)];        [annView setAnimatesDrop:YES];        return annView;    }    return nil;}

地图加载的简单介绍到此为止,深入的使用可以进一步研究。

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