nio socket 及其开源框架MINA学习总结(二)
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3:Socket网络框架 MINA
MINA是一个网络应用框架,在不牺牲性能和可扩展性的前提下用于解决如下问题:
1:快速开发自己的英勇。
2:高可维护性,高可复用性:网络I/O编码,消息的编/解码,业务逻辑互相分离。
3:相对容易的进行单元测试。
3.1 IoFilters:
IoFilter为MINA的功能扩展提供了接口。它拦截所有的IO事件进行事件的预处理和后处理(AOP)。我们可以把它想象成
Servlet的filters。
IoFilter能够实现以下几种目的:
事件日志
性能检测
数据转换(e.g. SSL support),codec
防火墙…等等
3.2 codec: ProtocolCodecFactory
MINA提供了方便的Protocol支持。如上说讲,codec在IoFilters中设置。
通过它的Encoder和Decoder,可以方便的扩展并支持各种基于Socket的网络协议,比如HTTP服务器、FTP服务器、Telnet服务器等等。
要实现自己的编码/解码器(codec)只需要实现interface: ProtocolCodecFactory即可.
在MINA 1.0版本,MINA已经实现了几个常用的(codec factory):
DemuxingProtocolCodecFactory,
NettyCodecFactory,
ObjectSerializationCodecFactory,
TextLineCodecFactory
其中:
TextLineCodecFactory:
A ProtocolCodecFactory that performs encoding and decoding between a text line data and a Java
string object. This codec is useful especially when you work with a text-based protocols such as SMTP and IMAP.
ObjectSerializationCodecFactory:
A ProtocolCodecFactory that serializes and deserializes Java objects. This codec is very useful when
you have to prototype your application rapidly without any specific codec.
DemuxingProtocolCodecFactory:
A composite ProtocolCodecFactory that consists of multiple MessageEncoders and MessageDecoders. ProtocolEncoder
and ProtocolDecoder this factory returns demultiplex incoming messages and buffers to appropriate MessageEncoders
and MessageDecoders.
NettyCodecFactory:
A MINA ProtocolCodecFactory that provides encoder and decoder for Netty2 Messages and MessageRecognizers.
3.3 business logic: IoHandler
MINA中,所有的业务逻辑都有实现了IoHandler的class完成
interfaceHandles:
all protocol events fired by MINA. There are 6 event handler methods, and they are all invoked by MINA automatically.
当事件发生时,将触发IoHandler中的方法:
sessionCreated(),
sessionOpened(),
sessionClosed(),
sessionIdle(),
exceptionCaught(),
messageReceived(),
messageSent()
MINA 1.O中,IoHandler的实现类:
ChainedIoHandler,
DemuxingIoHandler,
IoHandlerAdapter,
SingleSessionIoHandlerDelegate,
StreamIoHandler
具体细节可参考javadoc。
3.4 MINA的高级主题:线程模式
MINA通过它灵活的filter机制来提供多种线程模型。
没有线程池过滤器被使用时MINA运行在一个单线程模式。
如果添加了一个IoThreadPoolFilter到IoAcceptor,将得到一个leader-follower模式的线程池。
如果再添加一个ProtocolThreadPoolFilter,server将有两个线程池;
一个(IoThreadPoolFilter)被用于对message对象进行转换,另外一个(ProtocolThreadPoolFilter)被用于处理业务逻辑。
SimpleServiceRegistry加上IoThreadPoolFilter和ProtocolThreadPoolFilter的缺省实现即可适用于需
要高伸缩性的应用。如果想使用自己的线程模型,请参考SimpleServiceRegistry的源代码,并且自己
初始化Acceptor。
- IoThreadPoolFilter threadPool = new IoThreadPoolFilter();threadPool.start();
- IoAcceptor acceptor = new SocketAcceptor();
- acceptor.getFilterChain().addLast( "threadPool", threadPool);
- ProtocolThreadPoolFilter threadPool2 = new ProtocolThreadPoolFilter();
- threadPool2.start();
- ProtocolAcceptor acceptor2 = new IoProtocolAcceptor( acceptor );
- acceptor2.getFilterChain().addLast( "threadPool", threadPool2 );
- ...
- threadPool2.stop();
- threadPool.stop();
3.5 采用MINA进行socket开发,一般步骤如下:
1:
- IoAcceptor acceptor = new SocketAcceptor(); //建立client接收器
- or client:
- SocketConnector connector = new SocketConnector(); //建立一个连接器
2:server的属性配置:
- SocketAcceptorConfig cfg = new SocketAcceptorConfig();
- cfg.setReuseAddress(true);
- cfg.getFilterChain().addLast(
- "codec",
- new ProtocolCodecFilter( new ObjectSerializationCodecFactory() ) ); //对象序列化 codec factory
- cfg.getFilterChain().addLast( "logger", new LoggingFilter() );
3:绑定address和business logic
server:
- acceptor.bind(
- new InetSocketAddress( SERVER_PORT ),
- new ServerSessionHandler( ), cfg ); // 绑定address和handler
- connector.connect(new InetSocketAddress( HOSTNAME, PORT ),
- new ClientSessionHandler(msg), cfg );
下面的这个简单的example演示client和server传递object的过程:
Message.java
- public class Message implements Serializable {
- private int type;
- private int status;
- private String msgBody;
- public Message(int type, int status, String msgBody)
- {
- this.type = type;
- this.status = status;
- this.msgBody = msgBody;
- }
- public String getMsgBody() {
- return msgBody;
- }
- public void setMsgBody(String msgBody) {
- this.msgBody = msgBody;
- }
- public int getStatus() {
- return status;
- }
- public void setStatus(int status) {
- this.status = status;
- }
- public int getType() {
- return type;
- }
- public void setType(int type) {
- this.type = type;
- }
- }
Client.java
- public class Client
- {
- private static final String HOSTNAME = "localhost";
- private static final int PORT = 8080;
- private static final int CONNECT_TIMEOUT = 30; // seconds
- public static void main( String[] args ) throws Throwable
- {
- SocketConnector connector = new SocketConnector();
- // Configure the service.
- SocketConnectorConfig cfg = new SocketConnectorConfig();
- cfg.setConnectTimeout( CONNECT_TIMEOUT );
- cfg.getFilterChain().addLast(
- "codec",
- new ProtocolCodecFilter( new ObjectSerializationCodecFactory() ) );
- cfg.getFilterChain().addLast( "logger", new LoggingFilter() );
- IoSession session;
- Message msg = new Message(0,1,"hello");
- connector.connect(new InetSocketAddress( HOSTNAME, PORT ),
- new ClientSessionHandler(msg), cfg );
- }
- }
ClientSessionHandler.java
- public class ClientSessionHandler extends IoHandlerAdapter
- {
- private Object msg;
- public ClientSessionHandler(Object msg)
- {
- this.msg = msg;
- }
- public void sessionOpened( IoSession session )
- {
- session.write(this.msg);
- }
- public void messageReceived( IoSession session, Object message )
- {
- System.out.println("in messageReceived!");
- Message rm = (Message ) message;
- SessionLog.debug(session, rm.getMsgBody());
- System.out.println("message is: " + rm.getMsgBody());
- session.write(rm);
- }
- public void exceptionCaught( IoSession session, Throwable cause )
- {
- session.close();
- }
- }
Server.java
- public class Server
- {
- private static final int SERVER_PORT = 8080;
- public static void main( String[] args ) throws Throwable
- {
- IoAcceptor acceptor = new SocketAcceptor();
- // Prepare the service configuration.
- SocketAcceptorConfig cfg = new SocketAcceptorConfig();
- cfg.setReuseAddress( true );
- cfg.getFilterChain().addLast(
- "codec",
- new ProtocolCodecFilter( new ObjectSerializationCodecFactory() ) );
- cfg.getFilterChain().addLast( "logger", new LoggingFilter() );
- acceptor.bind(
- new InetSocketAddress( SERVER_PORT ),
- new ServerSessionHandler( ), cfg );
- System.out.println( "The server Listening on port " + SERVER_PORT );
- }
- }
ServerSessionHandler.java
- public class ServerSessionHandler extends IoHandlerAdapter
- {
- public void sessionOpened( IoSession session )
- {
- // set idle time to 60 seconds
- session.setIdleTime( IdleStatus.BOTH_IDLE, 60 );
- session.setAttribute("times",new Integer(0));
- }
- public void messageReceived( IoSession session, Object message )
- {
- System.out.println("in messageReceived");
- int times = ((Integer)(session.getAttribute("times"))).intValue();
- System.out.println("tiems = " + times);
- // communicate 30 times,then close the session.
- if (times < 30)
- {
- times++;
- session.setAttribute("times", new Integer(times));
- Message msg;
- msg = (Message) message;
- msg.setMsgBody("in server side: " + msg.getMsgBody());
- System.out.println("begin send msg: " + msg.getMsgBody());
- session.write(msg);
- }
- else
- {
- session.close();
- }
- }
- public void sessionIdle( IoSession session, IdleStatus status )
- {
- SessionLog.info( session, "Disconnecting the idle." );
- // disconnect an idle client
- session.close();
- }
- public void exceptionCaught( IoSession session, Throwable cause )
- {
- // close the connection on exceptional situation
- session.close();
- }
- }
MINA自己附带的Demo已经很好的说明了它的运用。
值得一提的是它的SumUp:客户端发送几个数字,服务端求和后并返回结果。这个简单的程序演示了如何自己实现CODEC。
补充提示:
下载并运行MINA的demo程序还颇非周折:
运行MINA demo appli擦tion:
1:在JDK5
产生错误:
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: edu/emory/mathcs/backport/java/util/concurrent/Executor
at org.apache.mina.example.reverser.Main.main(Main.java:44)
察看mina的QA email:
http://www.mail-archive.com/mina-dev@directory.apache.org/msg02252.html
原来需要下载:backport-util-concurrent.jar并加入classpath
http://dcl.mathcs.emory.edu/util/backport-util-concurrent
继续运行还是报错:
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/slf4j/LoggerFactory
原来MINA采用了slf4j项目作为log,继续下载
slf4j-simple.jar等,并加入classpath:
http://www.slf4j.org/download.html
附件是mina demo的eclipse工程。导入就可运行,所有的相关jar包在bin目录下
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