修改oracle数据库字符集的方法

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:/>sqlplus "/ as sysdba"

SQL*Plus: Release 9.2.0.4.0 - Production on Sat Nov 1 10:52:30 2003

Copyright (c) 1982, 2002, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle9i Enterprise Edition Release 9.2.0.4.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP and Oracle Data Mining options
JServer Release 9.2.0.4.0 - Production

SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> STARTUP MOUNT;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area   76619308 bytes
Fixed Size                   454188 bytes
Variable Size              58720256 bytes
Database Buffers           16777216 bytes
Redo Buffers                 667648 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> ALTER SESSION SET SQL_TRACE=TRUE;

Session altered.

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM ENABLE RESTRICTED SESSION;

System altered.

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET JOB_QUEUE_PROCESSES=0;

System altered.

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET AQ_TM_PROCESSES=0;

System altered.

SQL> ALTER DATABASE OPEN;

Database altered.

SQL> set linesize 120;
SQL> alter database character set zhs16gbk;
　　alter database character set zhs16gbk
　　*
　　ERROR at line 1:
　　ORA-12712: new character set must be a superset of old character set

SQL> ALTER DATABASE character set INTERNAL_USE zhs16gbk; # 使用INTERNAL_USE可以跳过超集的检查,ALTER DATABASE character set INTERNAL_USE

　　Database altered.

SQL> ALTER SESSION SET SQL_TRACE=FALSE;

SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
　　Database dismounted.
　　ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> STARTUP
　　ORACLE instance started.

　　Total System Global Area 235999352 bytes
　　Fixed Size 450680 bytes
　　Variable Size 201326592 bytes
　　Database Buffers 33554432 bytes
　　Redo Buffers 667648 bytes
　　Database mounted.
　　Database opened.

SQL> select name,value$ from props$ where name like '%NLS%';

NAME                           VALUE$
------------------------------ ------------------------------
NLS_LANGUAGE                   AMERICAN
NLS_TERRITORY                  AMERICA
NLS_CURRENCY                   $
NLS_ISO_CURRENCY               AMERICA
NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS         .,
NLS_CHARACTERSET               ZHS16GBK
…..
NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET         AL16UTF16
NLS_RDBMS_VERSION              9.2.0.4.0

20 rows selected.