让android应用实现只有一个activity的fragmentOnlySupportActivity
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自从fragment出现以来，很多app都开始使用fragment做界面，由于fragment的生命周期比activity丰富，如果管理不好fragment，就是增加开发难度，如果对fragment的生命周期管理到位就会事半功倍，按我的理解，fragment的生命周期其实就是activity生命周期的加强版，很多生命周期的方法和activity生命周期的方法是一个效果的，如果你的应用design不是android的那种design，很多都是自定义的，那么你可以尝试使用只有一个activity的编码(其实一般来说，在普通的开发中并没有什么卵用，但如果你使用插件技术吧fragment做出插件，界面跳转无需什么，可以增加删除，那意义就重大了)。
如何管理fragment的回退栈
一般的，你会想到使用popbackstack，其实popbackstack只是fragment的事务回退操作，注意了是事务，fragment的事务回退包括了fragment状态的回退，事务处理在处理自定义的复杂fragment跳转就会变得很繁琐，甚至不明白会应为不明白他的原理而研究他的源码！
在这里，我用的方法是hide，show，remove等方法对fragment经常自定义的管理。
假设你要启动一个fragment，那么将它实例化后add进来，add之前要对所有的fragment都做hide处理，不然底部会出现上一个fragment的背景，甚至能够点击。
假如你按了返回键，回到上一个fragment，那么从fragmentManger里面获取fragmentList（请勿对它操作，不然会出问题），注意了，这个fragmentList的顺序不一定跟你add的顺序一致，而且部分fragment销毁掉的，在这个list里面会空，对于没有顺序的fragmentList，我们需要对fragment设置Tag标记fragment是第几个add进去的，按返回键的时候，枚举一次fragmentList，按照tag，取到上一个界面的fragment，然后remove当前fragment，show出上一个fragment。
如何像activity那样finish掉指定界面？
如果你拿到他的实例，直接remove掉，如果你只有fragment的Class，那么枚举fragmentList，判断className相同后删除。
如果给fragment添加载入退出动画
抛开fragment动画，你一定会知道app中不一定全部activity载入动画是相同的，那么这个一个让fragmentOnlySupport一定也要能知道不同fragment对应不同的动画，此时，如何给fragment设置对应的动画？还是给fragment设置Tag，上面讲到fragment设置加载的index，那么index和动画一起加起来，可以用json作为字符串，把index和对应的动画都绑定在一起。
博客出处
创建实体与之对应：
public class FragmentTagVo { public FragmentTagVo(){}; public FragmentTagVo(int index, String animType) { this.index = index; this.animType = animType; } public String animType; public int index; public static FragmentTagVo build(String json) { FragmentTagVo tagVo = new FragmentTagVo(); try { JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(json); tagVo.index = jsonObject.getInt("index"); tagVo.animType = jsonObject.getString("animType"); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return tagVo; } @Override public String toString() { JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject(); try { jsonObject.put("index",index); jsonObject.put("animType",animType); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return jsonObject.toString(); }}在加载fragment的时候设置tag：
fragmentIndex++; FragmentTagVo tagVo = new FragmentTagVo(fragmentIndex,animType==null?AnimType.NONE.toString():animType.toString()); try { mFragmentTransaction.add(containerId, tagfragment, tagVo.toString()); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } mFragmentTransaction.show(tagfragment); mFragmentTransaction.commitAllowingStateLoss(); KeyboradUtil.hideSoftKeyboard(this);返回时找到上一个fragment的方法：
PLog.i("list:" + fragmentlist); for (int i = fragmentlist.size()-1; i >= 0 ; i--) { Fragment fragment = fragmentlist.get(i); if (!(fragment == null || !fragment.isVisible())) {//可视且不是没有设置view的fragment //这里可以写应用自己的返回逻辑 // Fragment backFragment = null; PLog.d("tag:" + fragment.getTag()); FragmentTagVo tagVo = JSONObject.parseObject(fragment.getTag(),FragmentTagVo.class); int fragIndex = tagVo.index-1; Looper: while (fragIndex >= 0) {//从list后面开始找，高效查找方法 FindByTag: for (AnimType animType:AnimType.values()) { tagVo = new FragmentTagVo(fragIndex,animType.toString()); backFragment = fragmentManager.findFragmentByTag(JSONObject.toJSONString(tagVo)); if (backFragment!=null) { break FindByTag; } } PLog.d("backFragment:" + backFragment); if (backFragment != null) { PLog.d("backFragment add?:" + backFragment.isAdded()); PLog.d("backFragment removing?:" + backFragment.isRemoving()); } if (backFragment == null || !backFragment.isAdded() || backFragment.isRemoving()) { --fragIndex; } else { break Looper; } } PLog.d("currFragment:" + fragment.getClass().getSimpleName()); PLog.d("backFragment:" + backFragment); } }处理完动画绑定在fragment的逻辑，开始往fragment添加动画。
先声明一个动画枚举类，包括以下动画：
public enum AnimType { NONE,//没有动画 LeftInRightOut,//左进右出 BottomInTopOut,//上进，往下出 ZoomShow//fragment默认缩放 ; public static int[] getAnimRes (AnimType animType){ switch (animType) { case LeftInRightOut: return new int[]{R.anim.push_left_in,R.anim.push_left_out,R.anim.back_left_in, R.anim.back_right_out}; case BottomInTopOut: return new int[]{R.anim.push_bottom_in,R.anim.push_top_out,R.anim.push_bottom_in,R.anim.push_top_out}; default: return new int[]{0,0,0,0}; } }}add之前添加动画：
public void loadFragment(Fragment tagfragment, FragmentTransaction mFragmentTransaction,@NonNull AnimType animType) { if (mFragmentTransaction == null) { mFragmentTransaction = getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction(); } //動畫 if (animType==AnimType.ZoomShow) { mFragmentTransaction.setTransition(FragmentTransaction.TRANSIT_FRAGMENT_OPEN); } else if (animType== AnimType.LeftInRightOut) { mFragmentTransaction.setCustomAnimations(R.anim.push_left_in, R.anim.push_left_out,R.anim.back_left_in,R.anim.back_right_out); } else if (animType== AnimType.BottomInTopOut) { mFragmentTransaction.setCustomAnimations(R.anim.push_bottom_in,R.anim.push_top_out,R.anim.push_bottom_in,R.anim.push_top_out); } else { //NONE } }退出时设置对于退出动画:
public void backPressed () {......code for find back Fragmentif (backFragment != null) { tagVo = JSONObject.parseObject(fragment.getTag(),FragmentTagVo.class); AnimType exitAnim = null; if(tagVo!=null) for (AnimType animType:AnimType.values()) { if (animType.toString().equals(tagVo.animType.toString())) { exitAnim = animType; } } final Fragment animShowFragment = backFragment; final Fragment animHideFragment = fragment; if (exitAnim==null || exitAnim==AnimType.NONE) { FragmentTransaction mFragmentTransaction = getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction(); mFragmentTransaction.show(animShowFragment); mFragmentTransaction.remove(animHideFragment); mFragmentTransaction.commitAllowingStateLoss(); } else if (exitAnim==AnimType.ZoomShow) { FragmentTransaction mFragmentTransaction = getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction(); mFragmentTransaction.setTransition(FragmentTransaction.TRANSIT_FRAGMENT_CLOSE); mFragmentTransaction.show(animShowFragment); mFragmentTransaction.remove(animHideFragment); mFragmentTransaction.commitAllowingStateLoss(); } else { int[] animRes = AnimType.getAnimRes(exitAnim); Animation animation = AnimationUtils.loadAnimation(getApplicationContext(), animRes[3]); animation.setAnimationListener(new Animation.AnimationListener() { @Override public void onAnimationStart(Animation animation) { } @Override public void onAnimationEnd(Animation animation) { FragmentTransaction mFragmentTransaction = getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction(); mFragmentTransaction.show(animShowFragment); mFragmentTransaction.remove(animHideFragment); mFragmentTransaction.commitAllowingStateLoss(); fragmentChangeing = false; } @Override public void onAnimationRepeat(Animation animation) { } }); fragment.getView().startAnimation(animation); backFragment.getView().setAnimation(AnimationUtils.loadAnimation(getApplicationContext(), animRes[2])); } } else { finish(); } }//end if (!(fragment == null || !fragment.isVisible())) {//可视的 .......code for do other}如果让fragment拦截返回事件，或实现带条件的返回？
重写activity的onBackPressed返回方法，加入以下代码，让fragment调用就Ok了：
public void setCanBackPress(boolean can) { this.mCanBackPress = can; } protected boolean mCanBackPress = true; protected OnBackPressedListener onBackPressedListener; public void setOnBackPressedListener(OnBackPressedListener listener) { this.onBackPressedListener = listener; } @Override public void onBackPressed() { if (onBackPressedListener != null) { onBackPressedListener.OnBackKeyDown(); return; } if (!mCanBackPress) { return; } backPressed();//该方法用于返回上一个fragment，如果没上一个界面了，最终执行finish }如果打通这些fragments通信通道？实现像activity的onActivityResult方法一样
类似于广播者模式，每个fragment都可以是观察者和被观察者，用onActivityResult充当Observer接口，用枚举fragmentList的Fragment调用onActivityResult方法充当被观察者。有以下代码：
博客出处
public void pushMsgToSubFragments (boolean needShow,int pushCode,Intent pushData) { pushMsgToSubFragments(getSupportFragmentManager(), needShow,pushCode, Activity.RESULT_OK, pushData); } public void pushMsgToSubFragments (@NonNull FragmentManager fragmentManager,boolean needShow,int requestCode,int resultCode, Intent data) { List<Fragment> fragmentlist = fragmentManager.getFragments(); if (fragmentlist!=null) for (Fragment fragment:fragmentlist) { if (fragment==null) { continue; } if (fragment.isAdded()) { if (needShow) { if (!fragment.isHidden()) { PLog.i("send to:" + fragment); fragment.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data); } } else { PLog.i("send to:" + fragment); fragment.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data); } //如果fragment里面还嵌套了fragment，继续观察 pushMsgToSubFragments(fragment.getChildFragmentManager(),needShow,requestCode,resultCode,data); } } } //Fragment里面重写onActivityResult接送观察类型和数据如果activity调用其他activity，返回数据，继续重新onactivityresult方法：
@Override public void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) { PLog.i("onActivityResult:" + requestCode); try { super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } pushMsgToSubFragments(getSupportFragmentManager(), false, requestCode, resultCode, data); }最后献上完整代码：
import android.app.Activity;import android.content.Intent;import android.os.Build;import android.support.annotation.NonNull;import android.support.annotation.Nullable;import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;import android.support.v4.app.FragmentManager;import android.support.v4.app.FragmentTransaction;import android.util.Log;import android.view.animation.Animation;import android.view.animation.AnimationUtils;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.List;/** * Created by george.yang on 15/11/18. */public abstract class FragmentOnlySupportActivity extends PlugBaseActivity { public abstract int getContainerId(); private int containerId = getContainerId(); public static boolean fragmentChangeing = false; public <T extends Fragment> T getFragment(@Nullable FragmentManager manager, Class clazz) { return getFragment(manager, false, clazz); } public <T extends Fragment> T getFragment(@Nullable FragmentManager manager, boolean showing, Class clazz) { if (clazz == null) { return null; } if (manager == null) { manager = getSupportFragmentManager(); } List<Fragment> fragmentlist = manager.getFragments(); if (fragmentlist != null) { for (Fragment fragment : fragmentlist) { if (fragment == null || fragment.isRemoving() || !fragment.isAdded() || (showing && fragment.isHidden())) { continue; } if (clazz.getName().equals(fragment.getClass().getName())) { return (T) fragment; } else { Fragment fragmentInner = getFragment(fragment.getChildFragmentManager(), showing, clazz); if (fragmentInner != null) { return (T) fragmentInner; } } } } return null; } public void loadFragment(Fragment tagfragment, FragmentTransaction mFragmentTransaction) { loadFragment(tagfragment,mFragmentTransaction, AnimType.LeftInRightOut); } public void loadFragment(Fragment tagfragment) { loadFragment(tagfragment,AnimType.LeftInRightOut); } public void loadFragment(String fragmenName) { try { loadFragment((Class<? extends Fragment>) Class.forName(fragmenName)); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public void loadFragment(Class<? extends Fragment> fragmentClass) { try { loadFragment((Fragment) fragmentClass.newInstance()); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public void loadFragment(Fragment tagfragment,@NonNull AnimType animType) { loadFragment(tagfragment, null, animType); } private int fragmentIndex; public void loadFragment(Fragment tagfragment, FragmentTransaction mFragmentTransaction,@NonNull AnimType animType) { if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN_MR1) { if (isDestroyed()) { return; } } if (isFinishing()) { return; } PLog.i("load:" + tagfragment); if (!fragmentChangeing) { fragmentChangeing = true; if (tagfragment!=null) { if (mFragmentTransaction == null) { mFragmentTransaction = getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction(); } //動畫 if (animType==AnimType.ZoomShow) { mFragmentTransaction.setTransition(FragmentTransaction.TRANSIT_FRAGMENT_OPEN); } else if (animType== AnimType.LeftInRightOut) { mFragmentTransaction.setCustomAnimations(R.anim.push_left_in, R.anim.push_left_out,R.anim.back_left_in,R.anim.back_right_out); } else if (animType== AnimType.BottomInTopOut) { mFragmentTransaction.setCustomAnimations(R.anim.push_bottom_in,R.anim.push_top_out,R.anim.push_bottom_in,R.anim.push_top_out); } else { //NONE } List<Fragment> fragmentlist = getSupportFragmentManager().getFragments(); if (fragmentlist != null) for (int i = 0; i < fragmentlist.size(); i++) { Fragment fragment = fragmentlist.get(i); if (fragment != null) { mFragmentTransaction.hide(fragment); } } fragmentIndex++; FragmentTagVo tagVo = new FragmentTagVo(fragmentIndex,animType==null?AnimType.NONE.toString():animType.toString()); try { mFragmentTransaction.add(containerId, tagfragment, JSONObject.toJSONString(tagVo)); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } mFragmentTransaction.show(tagfragment); mFragmentTransaction.commitAllowingStateLoss(); KeyboradUtil.hideSoftKeyboard(this); } fragmentChangeing = false; } } public void pushMsgToSubFragments (boolean needShow,int pushCode,Intent pushData) { pushMsgToSubFragments(getSupportFragmentManager(), needShow,pushCode, Activity.RESULT_OK, pushData); } public void pushMsgToSubFragments (@NonNull FragmentManager fragmentManager,boolean needShow,int requestCode,int resultCode, Intent data) { List<Fragment> fragmentlist = fragmentManager.getFragments(); if (fragmentlist!=null) for (Fragment fragment:fragmentlist) { if (fragment==null) { continue; } if (fragment.isAdded()) { if (needShow) { if (!fragment.isHidden()) { PLog.i("send to:" + fragment); fragment.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data); } } else { PLog.i("send to:" + fragment); fragment.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data); } pushMsgToSubFragments(fragment.getChildFragmentManager(),needShow,requestCode,resultCode,data); } } } @Override public void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) { PLog.i("onActivityResult0:" + requestCode); try { super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } pushMsgToSubFragments(getSupportFragmentManager(), false, requestCode, resultCode, data); } final List<Fragment> removeFragment = new ArrayList<>(); public boolean removeFragment(Class clazz) { if (clazz == null) { return false; } synchronized (removeFragment) { List<Fragment> fragmentlist = getSupportFragmentManager().getFragments(); if (fragmentlist != null) { for (Fragment fragment : fragmentlist) { if (fragment == null) { continue; } if (clazz.getName().equals(fragment.getClass().getName())) { PLog.i("remove:" + clazz.getName()); removeFragment.add(fragment); } } FragmentTransaction ft = getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction(); for (Fragment fragment : removeFragment) { ft.remove(fragment); } ft.commitAllowingStateLoss(); removeFragment.clear(); } // } } return true; } public void setCanBackPress(boolean can) { this.mCanBackPress = can; } protected boolean mCanBackPress = true; protected OnBackPressedListener onBackPressedListener; public void setOnBackPressedListener(OnBackPressedListener listener) { this.onBackPressedListener = listener; } @Override public void onBackPressed() { if (onBackPressedListener != null) { onBackPressedListener.OnBackKeyDown(); return; } if (!mCanBackPress) { return; } backPressed(); } //[博客出处](http://georgeyang.cn) public void backPressed () { boolean waitAnimEndUnLock = false; if (!fragmentChangeing) { fragmentChangeing = true; try { FragmentManager fragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager(); fragmentManager.executePendingTransactions();//同步结束 List<Fragment> fragmentlist = fragmentManager.getFragments(); if (fragmentlist==null) { finish(); } PLog.i("list:" + fragmentlist); for (int i = fragmentlist.size()-1; i >= 0 ; i--) { Fragment fragment = fragmentlist.get(i); if (!(fragment == null || !fragment.isVisible())) {//可视且不是没有设置view的fragment //这里可以写应用自己的返回逻辑 // Fragment backFragment = null; PLog.d("tag:" + fragment.getTag()); FragmentTagVo tagVo = JSONObject.parseObject(fragment.getTag(),FragmentTagVo.class); int fragIndex = tagVo.index-1; Looper: while (fragIndex >= 0) { FindByTag: for (AnimType animType:AnimType.values()) { tagVo = new FragmentTagVo(fragIndex,animType.toString()); backFragment = fragmentManager.findFragmentByTag(JSONObject.toJSONString(tagVo)); if (backFragment!=null) { break FindByTag; } } PLog.d("backFragment:" + backFragment); if (backFragment != null) { PLog.d("backFragment add?:" + backFragment.isAdded()); PLog.d("backFragment removing?:" + backFragment.isRemoving()); } if (backFragment == null || !backFragment.isAdded() || backFragment.isRemoving()) { --fragIndex; } else { break Looper; } } PLog.d("currFragment:" + fragment.getClass().getSimpleName()); PLog.d("backFragment:" + backFragment); if (backFragment != null) { tagVo = JSONObject.parseObject(fragment.getTag(),FragmentTagVo.class); AnimType exitAnim = null; if(tagVo!=null) for (AnimType animType:AnimType.values()) { if (animType.toString().equals(tagVo.animType.toString())) { exitAnim = animType; } } final Fragment animShowFragment = backFragment; final Fragment animHideFragment = fragment; if (exitAnim==null || exitAnim==AnimType.NONE) { FragmentTransaction mFragmentTransaction = getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction(); mFragmentTransaction.show(animShowFragment); mFragmentTransaction.remove(animHideFragment); mFragmentTransaction.commitAllowingStateLoss(); } else if (exitAnim==AnimType.ZoomShow) { FragmentTransaction mFragmentTransaction = getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction(); mFragmentTransaction.setTransition(FragmentTransaction.TRANSIT_FRAGMENT_CLOSE); mFragmentTransaction.show(animShowFragment); mFragmentTransaction.remove(animHideFragment); mFragmentTransaction.commitAllowingStateLoss(); } else { int[] animRes = AnimType.getAnimRes(exitAnim); Animation animation = AnimationUtils.loadAnimation(getApplicationContext(), animRes[3]); animation.setAnimationListener(new Animation.AnimationListener() { @Override public void onAnimationStart(Animation animation) { } @Override public void onAnimationEnd(Animation animation) { FragmentTransaction mFragmentTransaction = getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction(); mFragmentTransaction.show(animShowFragment); mFragmentTransaction.remove(animHideFragment); mFragmentTransaction.commitAllowingStateLoss(); fragmentChangeing = false; } @Override public void onAnimationRepeat(Animation animation) { } }); fragment.getView().startAnimation(animation); backFragment.getView().setAnimation(AnimationUtils.loadAnimation(getApplicationContext(), animRes[2])); } } else { finish(); } }//end if (!(fragment == null || !fragment.isVisible())) {//可视的 } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } KeyboradUtil.hideSoftKeyboard(this); if (!waitAnimEndUnLock) { PLog.i("unlock:338"); fragmentChangeing = false; } } }} 0 0
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