Linux dmesg --查看开机信息/打印或控制内核环形缓冲区
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用途说明
dmesg命令用于打印Linux系统开机启动信息，kernel会将开机信息存储在ringbuffer中。您若是开机时来不及查看信息，可利用dmesg来查看（print or control the kernel ring buffer）。开机信息亦保存在/var/log/dmesg的文件里。某些硬件设备（比如七号信令卡、语音卡之类）在安装的时候，通常会安装驱动程序（内核模块），会打印一些信息，就可以通过dmesg命令来查看。
常用参数
格式：dmesg
查看开机信息。
格式：dmesg -c
清除开机信息，但/var/log/dmesg文件中仍然有这些信息。
因为dmesg命令输出的东西有点多，通常与less/more/tail/grep等命令配合使用。
使用示例
示例一 将开机信息发邮件
man dmesg 写道
The program helpsusers to print out their bootup messages. Instead of copying the messages byhand, the user need only:
dmesg >boot.messages
and mail theboot.messages file to whoever can debug their problem.
[root@new55 ~]# dmesg >boot.messages
[root@new55 ~]# ls -l boot.messages
-rw-r--r-- 1 rootroot 15838 12-09 12:55 boot.messages
[root@new55 ~]# mail -s "Boot Log of Linux Server"public@web3q.net <boot.messages
[root@new55 ~]#
示例二 浏览dmesg输出的信息
[root@new55 ~]# uname -a
Linux new552.6.18-194.el5 #1 SMP Tue Mar 16 21:52:43 EDT 2010 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux
[root@new55 ~]# dmesg | less
Linux version2.6.18-194.el5 (mockbuild@x86-007.build.bos.redhat.com) (gcc version 4.1.220080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-48)) #1 SMP Tue Mar 16 21:52:43 EDT 2010
BIOS-providedphysical RAM map:
BIOS-e820:0000000000010000 - 000000000009fc00 (usable)
BIOS-e820:000000000009fc00 - 00000000000a0000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820:00000000000e0000 - 0000000000100000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820:0000000000100000 - 000000001f7d0000 (usable)
BIOS-e820:000000001f7d0000 - 000000001f7efc00 (reserved)
BIOS-e820:000000001f7efc00 - 000000001f7fb000 (ACPI NVS)
BIOS-e820:000000001f7fb000 - 000000001f800000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820:00000000e0000000 - 00000000f0000000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820:00000000fec00000 - 00000000fec02000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820:00000000fed20000 - 00000000fed9b000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820:00000000feda0000 - 00000000fedc0000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820:00000000ffb00000 - 00000000ffc00000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820:00000000fff00000 - 0000000100000000 (reserved)
0MB HIGHMEMavailable.
503MB LOWMEMavailable.
Memory for crashkernel (0x0 to 0x0) notwithin permissible range
disabling kdump
Using x86 segmentlimits to approximate NX protection
On node 0totalpages: 128976
DMA zone:4096 pages, LIFO batch:0
Normal zone:124880 pages, LIFO batch:31
DMI 2.3 present.
Using APIC driverdefault
ACPI: RSDP (v000HP ) @ 0x000fe270
ACPI: RSDT (v001HP 30C4 0x31100620HP 0x00000001) @ 0x1f7efc84
ACPI: FADT (v002HP 30C4 0x00000002HP 0x00000001) @ 0x1f7efc00
ACPI: MADT (v001HP 30C4 0x00000001HP 0x00000001) @ 0x1f7efcb8
ACPI: MCFG (v001HP 30C4 0x00000001HP 0x00000001) @ 0x1f7efd14
ACPI: SSDT (v001HP HPQPpc 0x00001001 MSFT 0x0100000e) @0x1f7f6698
ACPI: DSDT (v001HP DAU00 0x00010000 MSFT 0x0100000e)@ 0x00000000
ACPI: PM-Timer IOPort: 0x1008
ACPI: Local APICaddress 0xfec01000
ACPI: LAPIC(acpi_id[0x01] lapic_id[0x00] enabled)
Processor #0 6:13APIC version 20
ACPI: LAPIC_NMI(acpi_id[0x01] high edge lint[0x1])
ACPI: IOAPIC(id[0x01] address[0xfec00000] gsi_base[0])
IOAPIC[0]: apic_id1, version 32, address 0xfec00000, GSI 0-23
:
示例三 查看dmesg尾部的信息
[root@new55 ~]# dmesg | tail
Bluetooth: L2CAP ver2.8
Bluetooth: L2CAPsocket layer initialized
Bluetooth: RFCOMMsocket layer initialized
Bluetooth: RFCOMMTTY layer initialized
Bluetooth: RFCOMMver 1.8
Bluetooth: HIDP(Human Interface Emulation) ver 1.1
eth0: no IPv6routers present
Installing knfsd(copyright (C) 1996 okir@monad.swb.de).
NFSD: Using/var/lib/nfs/v4recovery as the NFSv4 state recovery directory
NFSD: starting90-second grace period
[root@new55 ~]#
示例四 安装SS7卡驱动时的内核日志
[root@localhostss7dpklnx]#cd SS7HD_DRIVER/
[root@localhostSS7HD_DRIVER]#ls
bbdddlnx_iss.h bbd_hbi.h bbd_ioc.c bbd_isr.c bbd_pci.c BSD_license.txt GPL_V2-only_license.txt install_ss7hd.sh Makefile26
bbd_def.h bbd_hs.c bbd_ioc.h bbd_lnx.c bbd_pro.h build_ss7hd.sh i21555.h Makefile24
[root@localhostSS7HD_DRIVER]#./build_ss7hd.sh
make: Enteringdirectory `/usr/src/kernels/2.6.9-22.EL-i686'
CC [M] /root/setup/ss7dpklnx/SS7HD_DRIVER/bbd_hs.o
CC [M] /root/setup/ss7dpklnx/SS7HD_DRIVER/bbd_ioc.o
CC [M] /root/setup/ss7dpklnx/SS7HD_DRIVER/bbd_isr.o
CC [M] /root/setup/ss7dpklnx/SS7HD_DRIVER/bbd_pci.o
CC [M] /root/setup/ss7dpklnx/SS7HD_DRIVER/bbd_lnx.o
LD [M] /root/setup/ss7dpklnx/SS7HD_DRIVER/ss7hddvr26.o
Buildingmodules, stage 2.
MODPOST
CC /root/setup/ss7dpklnx/SS7HD_DRIVER/ss7hddvr26.mod.o
LD [M] /root/setup/ss7dpklnx/SS7HD_DRIVER/ss7hddvr26.ko
make: Leavingdirectory `/usr/src/kernels/2.6.9-22.EL-i686'
[root@localhostSS7HD_DRIVER]#./install_ss7hd.sh
[root@localhostSS7HD_DRIVER]#lsmod | grep ss7
ss7hddvr26 25808 0
[root@localhostSS7HD_DRIVER]#dmesg | tail
ACPI: PCI interrupt0000:02:0d.0[?] -> GSI 9 (level, low) -> IRQ 9
BBD[0] 64bit
SS7HD[0] - suspend
Dialogic SS7HDDevice Driver V100.00 (Source V1.21)
Copyright (C)Dialogic Corporation 2003-2010. All Rights Reserved
Using major devicenumber 251.
ACPI: PCI interrupt0000:02:0d.0[?] -> GSI 9 (level, low) -> IRQ 9
BBD[0] 64bit
[root@localhostSS7HD_DRIVER]#./install_ss7hd.sh remove
[root@localhostSS7HD_DRIVER]#lsmod | grep ss7
[root@localhostSS7HD_DRIVER]#dmesg | tail
BBD[0] 64bit
SS7HD[0] - suspend
Dialogic SS7HDDevice Driver V100.00 (Source V1.21)
Copyright (C)Dialogic Corporation 2003-2010. All Rights Reserved
Using major devicenumber 251.
ACPI: PCI interrupt0000:02:0d.0[?] -> GSI 9 (level, low) -> IRQ 9
BBD[0] 64bit
SS7HD[0] - suspend
[root@localhostSS7HD_DRIVER]#
示例五 打印并清除内核环形缓冲区
[root@new55 ~]# dmesg -c
Linux version2.6.18-194.el5 (mockbuild@x86-007.build.bos.redhat.com) (gcc version 4.1.220080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-48)) #1 SMP Tue Mar 16 21:52:43 EDT 2010
BIOS-providedphysical RAM map:
BIOS-e820:0000000000010000 - 000000000009fc00 (usable)
BIOS-e820:000000000009fc00 - 00000000000a0000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820:00000000000e0000 - 0000000000100000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820:0000000000100000 - 000000001f7d0000 (usable)
BIOS-e820:000000001f7d0000 - 000000001f7efc00 (reserved)
BIOS-e820:000000001f7efc00 - 000000001f7fb000 (ACPI NVS)
BIOS-e820:000000001f7fb000 - 000000001f800000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820:00000000e0000000 - 00000000f0000000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820:00000000fec00000 - 00000000fec02000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820:00000000fed20000 - 00000000fed9b000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820:00000000feda0000 - 00000000fedc0000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820:00000000ffb00000 - 00000000ffc00000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820:00000000fff00000 - 0000000100000000 (reserved)
0MB HIGHMEMavailable.
503MB LOWMEMavailable.
Memory for crashkernel (0x0 to 0x0) notwithin permissible range
disabling kdump
Using x86 segmentlimits to approximate NX protection
On node 0totalpages: 128976
DMA zone:4096 pages, LIFO batch:0
Normal zone:124880 pages, LIFO batch:31
DMI 2.3 present.
省略输出
Bluetooth: HIDP(Human Interface Emulation) ver 1.1
eth0: no IPv6routers present
Installing knfsd(copyright (C) 1996 okir@monad.swb.de).
NFSD: Using/var/lib/nfs/v4recovery as the NFSv4 state recovery directory
NFSD: starting90-second grace period
[root@new55 ~]# dmesg
[root@new55 ~]# less /var/log/dmesg
Linux version2.6.18-194.el5 (mockbuild@x86-007.build.bos.redhat.com) (gcc version 4.1.220080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-48)) #1 SMP Tue Mar 16 21:52:43 EDT 2010
BIOS-providedphysical RAM map:
BIOS-e820:0000000000010000 - 000000000009fc00 (usable)
BIOS-e820:000000000009fc00 - 00000000000a0000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820:00000000000e0000 - 0000000000100000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820:0000000000100000 - 000000001f7d0000 (usable)
BIOS-e820:000000001f7d0000 - 000000001f7efc00 (reserved)
BIOS-e820:000000001f7efc00 - 000000001f7fb000 (ACPI NVS)
BIOS-e820:000000001f7fb000 - 000000001f800000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820:00000000e0000000 - 00000000f0000000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820:00000000fec00000 - 00000000fec02000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820:00000000fed20000 - 00000000fed9b000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820:00000000feda0000 - 00000000fedc0000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820:00000000ffb00000 - 00000000ffc00000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820:00000000fff00000 - 0000000100000000 (reserved)
0MB HIGHMEMavailable.
503MB LOWMEMavailable.
Memory for crashkernel (0x0 to 0x0) notwithin permissible range
disabling kdump
Using x86 segmentlimits to approximate NX protection
On node 0totalpages: 128976
DMA zone:4096 pages, LIFO batch:0
Normal zone:124880 pages, LIFO batch:31
DMI 2.3 present.
Using APIC driverdefault
ACPI: RSDP (v000HP ) @ 0x000fe270
ACPI: RSDT (v001HP 30C4 0x31100620HP 0x00000001) @ 0x1f7efc84
ACPI: FADT (v002HP 30C4 0x00000002HP 0x00000001) @ 0x1f7efc00
ACPI: MADT (v001HP 30C4 0x00000001HP 0x00000001) @ 0x1f7efcb8
ACPI: MCFG (v001HP 30C4 0x00000001HP 0x00000001) @ 0x1f7efd14
ACPI: SSDT (v001HP HPQPpc 0x00001001 MSFT 0x0100000e) @0x1f7f6698
ACPI: DSDT (v001HP DAU00 0x00010000 MSFT 0x0100000e)@ 0x00000000
ACPI: PM-Timer IOPort: 0x1008
ACPI: Local APICaddress 0xfec01000
ACPI: LAPIC(acpi_id[0x01] lapic_id[0x00] enabled)
Processor #0 6:13APIC version 20
ACPI: LAPIC_NMI(acpi_id[0x01] high edge lint[0x1])
ACPI: IOAPIC(id[0x01] address[0xfec00000] gsi_base[0])
IOAPIC[0]: apic_id1, version 32, address 0xfec00000, GSI 0-23
[root@new55 ~]#
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