山东省第四届 A Rescue The Princess

题目描述

    Several days ago, a beast caught a beautiful princess and the princess was put in prison. To rescue the princess, a prince who wanted to marry the princess set out immediately. Yet, the beast set a maze. Only if the prince find out the maze’s exit can he save the princess.

    Now, here comes the problem. The maze is a dimensional plane. The beast is smart, and he hidden the princess snugly. He marked two coordinates of an equilateral triangle in the maze. The two marked coordinates are A(x₁,y₁) and B(x₂,y₂). The third coordinate C(x₃,y₃) is the maze’s exit. If the prince can find out the exit, he can save the princess. After the prince comes into the maze, he finds out the A(x₁,y₁) and B(x₂,y₂), but he doesn’t know where the C(x₃,y₃) is. The prince need your help. Can you calculate the C(x₃,y₃) and tell him?

输入

    The first line is an integer T(1 <= T <= 100) which is the number of test cases. T test cases follow. Each test case contains two coordinates A(x₁,y₁) and B(x₂,y₂), described by four floating-point numbers x₁, y₁, x₂, y₂ ( |x₁|, |y₁|, |x₂|, |y₂| <= 1000.0).
    Please notice that A(x₁,y₁) and B(x₂,y₂) and C(x₃,y₃) are in an anticlockwise direction from the equilateral triangle. And coordinates A(x₁,y₁) and B(x₂,y₂) are given by anticlockwise.

输出

    For each test case, you should output the coordinate of C(x₃,y₃), the result should be rounded to 2 decimal places in a line.

示例输入

4-100.00 0.00 0.00 0.000.00 0.00 0.00 100.000.00 0.00 100.00 100.001.00 0.00 1.866 0.50

示例输出

(-50.00,86.60)(-86.60,50.00)(-36.60,136.60)(1.00,1.00)

#include <stdio.h>#include <math.h>const double pi = acos(-1.0);int main(){    int t;    double x1,x2,x3,y1,y2,y3,l,at;    scanf("%d",&t);    while(t--)    {        scanf("%lf%lf%lf%lf",&x1,&y1,&x2,&y2);        at = atan2(y2-y1,x2-x1);        l = sqrt((x1-x2)*(x1-x2)+(y1-y2)*(y1-y2));        x3 = x1+l*cos(at+pi/3.0);        y3 = y1+l*sin(at+pi/3.0);        printf("(%.2lf,%.2lf)\n",x3,y3);    }    return 0;}

渐渐体会到了数学的可爱and可怕之处了。。。

也知道为什么大部分大神都是深井冰状态。。。

知识：

C语言中的atan和atan2

在C语言的math.h或C++中的cmath中有两个求反正切的函数atan(double x)与atan2(double y,double x)  他们返回的值是弧度 要转化为角度再自己处理下。

前者接受的是一个正切值（直线的斜率）得到夹角，但是由于正切的规律性本可以有两个角度的但它却只返回一个，因为atan的值域是从-90~90 也就是它只处理一四象限，所以一般不用它。

第二个atan2(double y,double x) 其中y代表已知点的Y坐标 同理x ,返回值是此点与远点连线与x轴正方向的夹角，这样它就可以处理四个象限的任意情况了，它的值域相应的也就是-180~180了

例如：

例1：斜率是1的直线的夹角

cout<<atan(1.0)*180/PI;//45°

cout<<atan2(1.0,1.0)*180/PI;//45° 第一象限

cout<<atan2(-1.0,-1.0)*180/PI;//-135°第三象限

后两个斜率都是1 但是atan只能求出一个45°

例2：斜率是-1的直线的角度

cout<<atan(-1.0)*180/PI;//-45°

cout<<atan2(-1.0,1.0)*180/PI;//-45° y为负 在第四象限

cout<<atan2(1.0,-1.0)*180/PI;//135° x为负 在第二象限

 

常用的不是求过原点的直线的夹角 往往是求一个线段的夹角 这对于atan2就更是如鱼得水了

例如求A(1.0,1.0) B(3.0,3.0)这个线段AB与x轴正方向的夹角

用atan2表示为 atan2(y2-y1,x2-x1) 即 atan2(3.0-1.0,3.0-1.0)

它的原理就相当于把A点平移到原点B点相应变成B'（x2-x1,y2-y1）点 这样就又回到先前了

例三：

A(0.0,5.0) B(5.0,10.0)

线段AB的夹角为

cout<<atan2(5.0,5.0)*180/PI;//45°

^_^