Getting Started with 'nanomsg'

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Getting Started with 'nanomsg'

Posted on September 16, 2013 by Tim Dysinger

I played around with nanomsg. It’s natural to describe it as a mini-zeromq in C. The following are my examples of each pattern type in C. Error handling and such has been left out for brevity.

I placed the code on github also here so you don’t have to type much if you want to play with it.

Pipeline (A One-Way Pipe)

#include <assert.h>#include <libc.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <nanomsg/nn.h>#include <nanomsg/pipeline.h>#define NODE0 "node0"#define NODE1 "node1"int node0 (const char *url){  int sock = nn_socket (AF_SP, NN_PULL);  assert (sock >= 0);  assert (nn_bind (sock, url) >= 0);  while (1)    {      char *buf = NULL;      int bytes = nn_recv (sock, &buf, NN_MSG, 0);      assert (bytes >= 0);      printf ("NODE0: RECEIVED \"%s\"\n", buf);      nn_freemsg (buf);    }}int node1 (const char *url, const char *msg){  int sz_msg = strlen (msg) + 1; // '\0' too  int sock = nn_socket (AF_SP, NN_PUSH);  assert (sock >= 0);  assert (nn_connect (sock, url) >= 0);  printf ("NODE1: SENDING \"%s\"\n", msg);  int bytes = nn_send (sock, msg, sz_msg, 0);  assert (bytes == sz_msg);  return nn_shutdown (sock, 0);}int main (const int argc, const char **argv){  if (strncmp (NODE0, argv[1], strlen (NODE0)) == 0 && argc > 1)    return node0 (argv[2]);  else if (strncmp (NODE1, argv[1], strlen (NODE1)) == 0 && argc > 2)    return node1 (argv[2], argv[3]);  else    {      fprintf (stderr, "Usage: pipeline %s|%s <URL> <ARG> ...'\n",               NODE0, NODE1);      return 1;    }}

gcc pipeline.c /usr/local/lib/libnanomsg.a -o pipeline./pipeline node0 ipc:///tmp/pipeline.ipc & node0=$! && sleep 1./pipeline node1 ipc:///tmp/pipeline.ipc "Hello, World!"./pipeline node1 ipc:///tmp/pipeline.ipc "Goodbye."kill $node0

NODE1: SENDING "Hello, World!"NODE0: RECEIVED "Hello, World!"NODE1: SENDING "Goodbye."NODE0: RECEIVED "Goodbye."

Request/Reply (I ask, you answer)

#include <assert.h>#include <libc.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <nanomsg/nn.h>#include <nanomsg/pipeline.h>#define NODE0 "node0"#define NODE1 "node1"int node0 (const char *url){  int sock = nn_socket (AF_SP, NN_PULL);  assert (sock >= 0);  assert (nn_bind (sock, url) >= 0);  while (1)    {      char *buf = NULL;      int bytes = nn_recv (sock, &buf, NN_MSG, 0);      assert (bytes >= 0);      printf ("NODE0: RECEIVED \"%s\"\n", buf);      nn_freemsg (buf);    }}int node1 (const char *url, const char *msg){  int sz_msg = strlen (msg) + 1; // '\0' too  int sock = nn_socket (AF_SP, NN_PUSH);  assert (sock >= 0);  assert (nn_connect (sock, url) >= 0);  printf ("NODE1: SENDING \"%s\"\n", msg);  int bytes = nn_send (sock, msg, sz_msg, 0);  assert (bytes == sz_msg);  return nn_shutdown (sock, 0);}int main (const int argc, const char **argv){  if (strncmp (NODE0, argv[1], strlen (NODE0)) == 0 && argc > 1)    return node0 (argv[2]);  else if (strncmp (NODE1, argv[1], strlen (NODE1)) == 0 && argc > 2)    return node1 (argv[2], argv[3]);  else    {      fprintf (stderr, "Usage: pipeline %s|%s <URL> <ARG> ...'\n",               NODE0, NODE1);      return 1;    }}

gcc reqrep.c /usr/local/lib/libnanomsg.a -o reqrep./reqrep node0 ipc:///tmp/reqrep.ipc & node0=$! && sleep 1./reqrep node1 ipc:///tmp/reqrep.ipckill $node0

NODE1: SENDING DATE REQUEST DATENODE0: RECEIVED DATE REQUESTNODE0: SENDING DATE Sat Sep  7 17:39:01 2013NODE1: RECEIVED DATE Sat Sep  7 17:39:01 2013

Pair (Two Way Radio)

#include <assert.h>#include <libc.h>#include <nanomsg/nn.h>#include <nanomsg/pair.h>#include <stdio.h>#define NODE0 "node0"#define NODE1 "node1"int send_name(int sock, const char *name){  printf ("%s: SENDING \"%s\"\n", name, name);  int sz_n = strlen (name) + 1; // '\0' too  return nn_send (sock, name, sz_n, 0);}int recv_name(int sock, const char *name){  char *buf = NULL;  int result = nn_recv (sock, &buf, NN_MSG, 0);  if (result > 0)    {      printf ("%s: RECEIVED \"%s\"\n", name, buf);      nn_freemsg (buf);    }  return result;}int send_recv(int sock, const char *name){  int to = 100;  assert (nn_setsockopt (sock, NN_SOL_SOCKET, NN_RCVTIMEO, &to, sizeof (to)) >= 0);  while(1)    {      recv_name(sock, name);      sleep(1);      send_name(sock, name);    }}int node0 (const char *url){  int sock = nn_socket (AF_SP, NN_PAIR);  assert (sock >= 0);  assert (nn_bind (sock, url) >= 0);  send_recv(sock, NODE0);  return nn_shutdown (sock, 0);}int node1 (const char *url){  int sock = nn_socket (AF_SP, NN_PAIR);  assert (sock >= 0);  assert (nn_connect (sock, url) >= 0);  send_recv(sock, NODE1);  return nn_shutdown (sock, 0);}int main (const int argc, const char **argv){  if (strncmp (NODE0, argv[1], strlen (NODE0)) == 0 && argc > 1)    return node0 (argv[2]);  else if (strncmp (NODE1, argv[1], strlen (NODE1)) == 0 && argc > 1)    return node1 (argv[2]);  else    {      fprintf (stderr, "Usage: pair %s|%s <URL> <ARG> ...\n",               NODE0, NODE1);      return 1;    }}

gcc pair.c /usr/local/lib/libnanomsg.a -o pair./pair node0 ipc:///tmp/pair.ipc & node0=$!./pair node1 ipc:///tmp/pair.ipc & node1=$!sleep 3kill $node0 $node1

NODE1: SENDING DATE REQUEST DATENODE0: RECEIVED DATE REQUESTNODE0: SENDING DATE Sat Sep  7 17:39:01 2013NODE1: RECEIVED DATE Sat Sep  7 17:39:01 2013

Pub/Sub (Topics & Broadcast)

#include <assert.h>#include <libc.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <nanomsg/nn.h>#include <nanomsg/pubsub.h>#define SERVER "server"#define CLIENT "client"char *date (){  time_t raw = time (&raw);  struct tm *info = localtime (&raw);  char *text = asctime (info);  text[strlen(text)-1] = '\0'; // remove '\n'  return text;}int server (const char *url){  int sock = nn_socket (AF_SP, NN_PUB);  assert (sock >= 0);  assert (nn_bind (sock, url) >= 0);  while (1)    {      char *d = date();      int sz_d = strlen(d) + 1; // '\0' too      printf ("SERVER: PUBLISHING DATE %s\n", d);      int bytes = nn_send (sock, d, sz_d, 0);      assert (bytes == sz_d);      sleep(1);    }  return nn_shutdown (sock, 0);}int client (const char *url, const char *name){  int sock = nn_socket (AF_SP, NN_SUB);  assert (sock >= 0);  // TODO learn more about publishing/subscribe keys  assert (nn_setsockopt (sock, NN_SUB, NN_SUB_SUBSCRIBE, "", 0) >= 0);  assert (nn_connect (sock, url) >= 0);  while (1)    {      char *buf = NULL;      int bytes = nn_recv (sock, &buf, NN_MSG, 0);      assert (bytes >= 0);      printf ("CLIENT (%s): RECEIVED %s\n", name, buf);      nn_freemsg (buf);    }  return nn_shutdown (sock, 0);}int main (const int argc, const char **argv){  if (strncmp (SERVER, argv[1], strlen (SERVER)) == 0 && argc >= 2)    return server (argv[2]);  else if (strncmp (CLIENT, argv[1], strlen (CLIENT)) == 0 && argc >= 3)    return client (argv[2], argv[3]);  else    {      fprintf (stderr, "Usage: pubsub %s|%s <URL> <ARG> ...\n",               SERVER, CLIENT);      return 1;    }}

gcc pubsub.c /usr/local/lib/libnanomsg.a -o pubsub./pubsub server ipc:///tmp/pubsub.ipc & server=$! && sleep 1./pubsub client ipc:///tmp/pubsub.ipc client0 & client0=$!./pubsub client ipc:///tmp/pubsub.ipc client1 & client1=$!./pubsub client ipc:///tmp/pubsub.ipc client2 & client2=$!sleep 5kill $server $client0 $client1 $client2

SERVER: PUBLISHING DATE Sat Sep  7 17:40:11 2013SERVER: PUBLISHING DATE Sat Sep  7 17:40:12 2013SERVER: PUBLISHING DATE Sat Sep  7 17:40:13 2013CLIENT (client2): RECEIVED Sat Sep  7 17:40:13 2013CLIENT (client0): RECEIVED Sat Sep  7 17:40:13 2013CLIENT (client1): RECEIVED Sat Sep  7 17:40:13 2013SERVER: PUBLISHING DATE Sat Sep  7 17:40:14 2013CLIENT (client2): RECEIVED Sat Sep  7 17:40:14 2013CLIENT (client1): RECEIVED Sat Sep  7 17:40:14 2013CLIENT (client0): RECEIVED Sat Sep  7 17:40:14 2013SERVER: PUBLISHING DATE Sat Sep  7 17:40:15 2013CLIENT (client1): RECEIVED Sat Sep  7 17:40:15 2013CLIENT (client2): RECEIVED Sat Sep  7 17:40:15 2013CLIENT (client0): RECEIVED Sat Sep  7 17:40:15 2013SERVER: PUBLISHING DATE Sat Sep  7 17:40:16 2013CLIENT (client1): RECEIVED Sat Sep  7 17:40:16 2013CLIENT (client2): RECEIVED Sat Sep  7 17:40:16 2013CLIENT (client0): RECEIVED Sat Sep  7 17:40:16 2013

Survey (Everybody Votes)

#include <assert.h>#include <libc.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <nanomsg/nn.h>#include <nanomsg/survey.h>#define SERVER "server"#define CLIENT "client"#define DATE   "DATE"char *date (){  time_t raw = time (&raw);  struct tm *info = localtime (&raw);  char *text = asctime (info);  text[strlen(text)-1] = '\0'; // remove '\n'  return text;}int server (const char *url){  int sock = nn_socket (AF_SP, NN_SURVEYOR);  assert (sock >= 0);  assert (nn_bind (sock, url) >= 0);  sleep(1); // wait for connections  int sz_d = strlen(DATE) + 1; // '\0' too  printf ("SERVER: SENDING DATE SURVEY REQUEST\n");  int bytes = nn_send (sock, DATE, sz_d, 0);  assert (bytes == sz_d);  while (1)    {      char *buf = NULL;      int bytes = nn_recv (sock, &buf, NN_MSG, 0);      if (bytes == ETIMEDOUT) break;      if (bytes >= 0)      {        printf ("SERVER: RECEIVED \"%s\" SURVEY RESPONSE\n", buf);        nn_freemsg (buf);      }    }  return nn_shutdown (sock, 0);}int client (const char *url, const char *name){  int sock = nn_socket (AF_SP, NN_RESPONDENT);  assert (sock >= 0);  assert (nn_connect (sock, url) >= 0);  while (1)    {      char *buf = NULL;      int bytes = nn_recv (sock, &buf, NN_MSG, 0);      if (bytes >= 0)        {          printf ("CLIENT (%s): RECEIVED \"%s\" SURVEY REQUEST\n", name, buf);          nn_freemsg (buf);          char *d = date();          int sz_d = strlen(d) + 1; // '\0' too          printf ("CLIENT (%s): SENDING DATE SURVEY RESPONSE\n", name);          int bytes = nn_send (sock, d, sz_d, 0);          assert (bytes == sz_d);        }    }  return nn_shutdown (sock, 0);}int main (const int argc, const char **argv){  if (strncmp (SERVER, argv[1], strlen (SERVER)) == 0 && argc >= 2)    return server (argv[2]);  else if (strncmp (CLIENT, argv[1], strlen (CLIENT)) == 0 && argc >= 3)    return client (argv[2], argv[3]);  else    {      fprintf (stderr, "Usage: survey %s|%s <URL> <ARG> ...\n",               SERVER, CLIENT);      return 1;    }}

gcc survey.c /usr/local/lib/libnanomsg.a -o survey./survey server ipc:///tmp/survey.ipc & server=$!./survey client ipc:///tmp/survey.ipc client0 & client0=$!./survey client ipc:///tmp/survey.ipc client1 & client1=$!./survey client ipc:///tmp/survey.ipc client2 & client2=$!sleep 3kill $server $client0 $client1 $client2

SERVER: SENDING DATE SURVEY REQUESTCLIENT (client1): RECEIVED "DATE" SURVEY REQUESTCLIENT (client2): RECEIVED "DATE" SURVEY REQUESTCLIENT (client0): RECEIVED "DATE" SURVEY REQUESTCLIENT (client0): SENDING DATE SURVEY RESPONSECLIENT (client1): SENDING DATE SURVEY RESPONSECLIENT (client2): SENDING DATE SURVEY RESPONSESERVER: RECEIVED "Sun Sep 15 13:39:46 2013" SURVEY RESPONSESERVER: RECEIVED "Sun Sep 15 13:39:46 2013" SURVEY RESPONSESERVER: RECEIVED "Sun Sep 15 13:39:46 2013" SURVEY RESPONSE

Bus (Routing)

#include <assert.h>#include <libc.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <nanomsg/nn.h>#include <nanomsg/bus.h>int node (const int argc, const char **argv){  int sock = nn_socket (AF_SP, NN_BUS);  assert (sock >= 0);  assert (nn_bind (sock, argv[2]) >= 0);  sleep (1); // wait for connections  if (argc >= 3)    {      int x=3;      for(x; x<argc; x++)        assert (nn_connect (sock, argv[x]) >= 0);    }  sleep (1); // wait for connections  int to = 100;  assert (nn_setsockopt (sock, NN_SOL_SOCKET, NN_RCVTIMEO, &to, sizeof (to)) >= 0);  // SEND  int sz_n = strlen(argv[1]) + 1; // '\0' too  printf ("%s: SENDING '%s' ONTO BUS\n", argv[1], argv[1]);  int send = nn_send (sock, argv[1], sz_n, 0);  assert (send == sz_n);  while (1)    {      // RECV      char *buf = NULL;      int recv = nn_recv (sock, &buf, NN_MSG, 0);      if (recv >= 0)        {          printf ("%s: RECEIVED '%s' FROM BUS\n", argv[1], buf);          nn_freemsg (buf);        }    }  return nn_shutdown (sock, 0);}int main (const int argc, const char **argv){  if (argc >= 3) node (argc, argv);  else    {      fprintf (stderr, "Usage: bus <NODE_NAME> <URL> <URL> ...\n");      return 1;    }}

gcc bus.c /usr/local/lib/libnanomsg.a -o bus./bus node0 ipc:///tmp/node0.ipc ipc:///tmp/node1.ipc ipc:///tmp/node2.ipc & node0=$!./bus node1 ipc:///tmp/node1.ipc ipc:///tmp/node2.ipc ipc:///tmp/node3.ipc & node1=$!./bus node2 ipc:///tmp/node2.ipc ipc:///tmp/node3.ipc & node2=$!./bus node3 ipc:///tmp/node3.ipc ipc:///tmp/node0.ipc & node3=$!sleep 5kill $node0 $node1 $node2 $node3

node0: SENDING 'node0' ONTO BUSnode1: SENDING 'node1' ONTO BUSnode2: SENDING 'node2' ONTO BUSnode3: SENDING 'node3' ONTO BUSnode0: RECEIVED 'node1' FROM BUSnode0: RECEIVED 'node2' FROM BUSnode0: RECEIVED 'node3' FROM BUSnode1: RECEIVED 'node0' FROM BUSnode1: RECEIVED 'node2' FROM BUSnode1: RECEIVED 'node3' FROM BUSnode2: RECEIVED 'node0' FROM BUSnode2: RECEIVED 'node1' FROM BUSnode2: RECEIVED 'node3' FROM BUSnode3: RECEIVED 'node0' FROM BUSnode3: RECEIVED 'node1' FROM BUSnode3: RECEIVED 'node2' FROM BUS