使用virt-install手动创建qcow2镜像并安装ISO

virt-install是一个使用libvirt库构建新虚拟机的命令行工具，此工具使用串行控制台，SDL（Simple DirectMedia Layer）图形或者VNC客户端/服务器，来支持命令行和图形安装。

1 ubuntu下安装： apt-get install virtinst

# apt-get install virtinstReading package lists... DoneBuilding dependency treeReading state information... DoneThe following extra packages will be installed:  adwaita-icon-theme at-spi2-core colord colord-data dconf-gsettings-backend dconf-service fontconfig fontconfig-config  fonts-dejavu-core glib-networking glib-networking-common glib-networking-services gsettings-desktop-schemas hicolor-icon-theme  ...  libxinerama1 libxkbcommon0 libxpm4 libxrandr2 libxrender1 libxtst6 python-libxml2 python-pycurl python-urlgrabber ubuntu-mono  virt-viewer x11-commonSuggested packages:  colord-sensor-argyll cups-common libgd-tools gphoto2 gvfs liblcms2-utils librsvg2-bin avahi-daemon hplip libsane-extras  sane-utils python-pycurl-dbg python-pycurl-doc...

2 virt-install常用参数

-n --name= 客户端虚拟机名称
-r --ram= 客户端虚拟机分配的内存
-u --uuid= 客户端UUID 默认不写时，系统会自动生成
--vcpus= 客户端的vcpu个数
-v --hvm 全虚拟化
-p --paravirt 半虚拟化
-l --location=localdir 安装源，有本地、nfs、http、ftp几种，多用于ks网络安装
--vnc 使用vnc ，另有--vnclient＝监听的IP  --vncport ＝VNC监听的端口
-c --cdrom= 光驱 安装途径
--disk= 使用不同选项作为磁盘使用安装介质
-w NETWORK, --network=NETWORK 连接客户机到主机网络 
-s --file-size= 使用磁盘映像的大小 单位为GB
-f --file= 作为磁盘映像使用的文件
--cpuset=设置哪个物理CPU能够被虚拟机使用
--os-type=OS_TYPE 针对一类操作系统优化虚拟机配置（例如：‘linux’，‘windows’）
--os-variant=OS_VARIANT 针对特定操作系统变体（例如’rhel6’, ’winxp’,'win2k3'）进一步优化虚拟机配置
--host-device=HOSTDEV 附加一个物理主机设备到客户机。HOSTDEV是随着libvirt使用的一个节点设备名（具体设备如’virsh nodedev-list’的显示的结果）
--accelerate KVM或KQEMU内核加速,这个选项是推荐最好加上。如果KVM和KQEMU都支持，KVM加速器优先使用。
-x EXTRA, --extra-args=EXTRA 当执行从"--location"选项指定位置的客户机安装时，附加内核命令行参数到安装程序
--nographics "virt-install" 将默认使用--vnc选项，使用nographics指定没有控制台被分配给客户机

3 安装

Use the virt-installtool to boot the virtual machine through libvirt and connect to the graphical console from a VNC client installed on your local machine.

3.1 查看default网络

# virsh net-list Name                 State      Autostart     Persistent---------------------------------------------------------- default              active     yes           yes

If the network is not active, start it by doing:
# virsh net-start default
 Starting this network will create a Linux bridge (usually called virbr0), iptables rules, and a dnsmasq process that will serve as a DHCP server.

查看default网络的配置

root@zhaicompute# brctl showbridge name     bridge id               STP enabled     interfacesvirbr0          8000.5254000f5c96       yes             virbr0-nicroot@zhaicompute# ifconfig virbr0virbr0    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 52:54:00:0f:5c:96          inet addr:192.168.22.1  Bcast:192.168.22.255  Mask:255.255.255.0          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)root@zhaicompute# cat /etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/default.xml<!--WARNING: THIS IS AN AUTO-GENERATED FILE. CHANGES TO IT ARE LIKELY TO BEOVERWRITTEN AND LOST. Changes to this xml configuration should be made using:  virsh net-edit defaultor other application using the libvirt API.--><network>  <name>default</name>  <uuid>6acb-ed0a-4ad1-b8dc-527168a2</uuid>  <forward mode='nat'/>  <bridge name='virbr0' stp='on' delay='0'/>  <mac address='52:33:00:0f:5c:96'/>  <ip address='192.168.22.1' netmask='255.255.255.0'>    <dhcp>      <range start='192.168.22.2' end='192.168.22.254'/>    </dhcp>  </ip></network>

default网络设置保存在/etc/libvirt/qemu/networks目录下，从配置中可看出具体的网桥virbr0.

3.2 qemu-img和virt-install

qemu-img command to create an empty image file

root@zhaicompute# qemu-img create -f qcow2 zhai-ubuntu14.04.4.qcow2 10GFormatting 'zhai-ubuntu14.04.4.qcow2', fmt=qcow2 size=10737418240 encryption=off cluster_size=65536 lazy_refcounts=off refcount_bits=16root@zhaicompute# lsubuntu-14.04.3-server-ppc64el.iso              zhai-ubuntu14.04.4.qcow2root@zhaicompute# qemu-img info zhai-ubuntu14.04.4.qcow2image: zhai-ubuntu14.04.4.qcow2file format: qcow2virtual size: 10G (10737418240 bytes)disk size: 196Kcluster_size: 65536Format specific information:    compat: 1.1    lazy refcounts: false    refcount bits: 16    corrupt: false

 virt-install command to start up a virtual machine using that image file.

命令行：

virt-install --virt-type kvm --name zhai-ubuntu --ram 1024 \> --cdrom=/var/lib/libvirt/images/zhaipool/ubuntu-14.04.4-server-ppc64el.iso \> --disk /var/lib/libvirt/images/zhaipool/zhai-ubuntu14.04.4.qcow2,format=qcow2 \> --network network=default \> --graphics vnc,listen=0.0.0.0 --noautoconsole \> --os-type=linux --os-variant=ubuntutrusty

其中，--os-variant后面的值使用virt-install --os-variant list查看

root@zhaicompute#  virt-install --os-variant listwin2k8               : Microsoft Windows Server 2008 (or later)win2k3               : Microsoft Windows Server 2003win7                 : Microsoft Windows 7 (or later)vista                : Microsoft Windows Vistawinxp64              : Microsoft Windows XP (x86_64)winxp                : Microsoft Windows XPwin2k                : Microsoft Windows 2000openbsd4             : OpenBSD 4.x (or later)freebsd9             : FreeBSD 9.xfreebsd8             : FreeBSD 8.xfreebsd7             : FreeBSD 7.xfreebsd6             : FreeBSD 6.xfreebsd10            : FreeBSD 10.x (or later)solaris9             : Sun Solaris 9solaris11            : Sun Solaris 11 (or later)solaris10            : Sun Solaris 10opensolaris          : Sun OpenSolaris (or later)netware6             : Novell Netware 6 (or later)netware5             : Novell Netware 5netware4             : Novell Netware 4msdos                : MS-DOSgeneric              : Genericaltlinux             : ALT Linux (or later)debianwheezy         : Debian Wheezy (or later)debiansqueeze        : Debian Squeezedebianlenny          : Debian Lennydebianetch           : Debian Etchfedora20             : Fedora 20 (or later)fedora19             : Fedora 19fedora18             : Fedora 18fedora17             : Fedora 17fedora16             : Fedora 16fedora15             : Fedora 15fedora14             : Fedora 14fedora13             : Fedora 13fedora12             : Fedora 12fedora11             : Fedora 11fedora10             : Fedora 10fedora9              : Fedora 9fedora8              : Fedora 8fedora7              : Fedora 7fedora6              : Fedora Core 6fedora5              : Fedora Core 5mes5.1               : Mandriva Enterprise Server 5.1 (or later)mes5                 : Mandriva Enterprise Server 5.0mandriva2010         : Mandriva Linux 2010 (or later)mandriva2009         : Mandriva Linux 2009 and earliermageia1              : Mageia 1 (or later)rhel7                : Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 (or later)rhel6                : Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6rhel5.4              : Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5.4 or laterrhel5                : Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5rhel4                : Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4rhel3                : Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3rhel2.1              : Red Hat Enterprise Linux 2.1sles11               : Suse Linux Enterprise Server 11 (or later)sles10               : Suse Linux Enterprise Serveropensuse12           : openSuse 12 (or later)opensuse11           : openSuse 11ubuntuutopic         : Ubuntu 14.10 (Utopic Unicorn) (or later)ubuntutrusty         : Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (Trusty Tahr)ubuntusaucy          : Ubuntu 13.10 (Saucy Salamander)ubunturaring         : Ubuntu 13.04 (Raring Ringtail)ubuntuquantal        : Ubuntu 12.10 (Quantal Quetzal)ubuntuprecise        : Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (Precise Pangolin)ubuntuoneiric        : Ubuntu 11.10 (Oneiric Ocelot)ubuntunatty          : Ubuntu 11.04 (Natty Narwhal)ubuntumaverick       : Ubuntu 10.10 (Maverick Meerkat)ubuntulucid          : Ubuntu 10.04 LTS (Lucid Lynx)ubuntukarmic         : Ubuntu 9.10 (Karmic Koala)ubuntujaunty         : Ubuntu 9.04 (Jaunty Jackalope)ubuntuintrepid       : Ubuntu 8.10 (Intrepid Ibex)ubuntuhardy          : Ubuntu 8.04 LTS (Hardy Heron)mbs1                 : Mandriva Business Server 1 (or later)virtio26             : Generic 2.6.25 or later kernel with virtiogeneric26            : Generic 2.6.x kernelgeneric24            : Generic 2.4.x kernel

执行过程：

root@zhaicompute# virt-install --virt-type kvm --name zhai-ubuntu --ram 1024 \> --cdrom=/var/lib/libvirt/images/zhaipool/ubuntu-14.04.4-server-ppc64el.iso \> --disk /var/lib/libvirt/images/zhaipool/zhai-ubuntu14.04.4.qcow2,format=qcow2 \> --network network=default \> --graphics vnc,listen=0.0.0.0 --noautoconsole \> --os-type=linux --os-variant=ubuntutrustyStarting install...Creating domain...                                                                                         |    0 B     00:00Domain installation still in progress. You can reconnect tothe console to complete the installation process.root@zhaicompute# ps -ef | grep zhailibvirt+  27531      1 99 03:39 ?        00:00:22 qemu-system-ppc64 -enable-kvm -name zhai-ubuntu -S -machine pseries-2.3,accel=kvm,usb=off -m 1024 -realtime mlock=off -smp 1,sockets=1,cores=1,threads=1 -uuid de480a35-4ab5-42e5-b3b6-a47c8b05d9c8 -no-user-config -nodefaults -chardev socket,id=charmonitor,path=/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/zhai-ubuntu.monitor,server,nowait -mon chardev=charmonitor,id=monitor,mode=control -rtc base=utc -no-reboot -boot strict=on -device pci-ohci,id=usb,bus=pci.0,addr=0x2 -device spapr-vscsi,id=scsi0,reg=0x2000 -drive file=/var/lib/libvirt/images/zhaipool/zhai-ubuntu14.04.4.qcow2,if=none,id=drive-scsi0-0-0-0,format=qcow2 -device scsi-hd,bus=scsi0.0,channel=0,scsi-id=0,lun=0,drive=drive-scsi0-0-0-0,id=scsi0-0-0-0,bootindex=2 -drive file=/var/lib/libvirt/images/zhaipool/ubuntu-14.04.4-server-ppc64el.iso,if=none,id=drive-scsi0-0-0-1,readonly=on,format=raw -device scsi-cd,bus=scsi0.0,channel=0,scsi-id=0,lun=1,drive=drive-scsi0-0-0-1,id=scsi0-0-0-1,bootindex=1 -netdev tap,fd=29,id=hostnet0 -device rtl8139,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:cb:ad:fa,bus=pci.0,addr=0x1 -chardev pty,id=charserial0 -device spapr-vty,chardev=charserial0,reg=0x30000000 -device usb-kbd,id=input0 -device usb-mouse,id=input1 -vnc 0.0.0.0:2 -device VGA,id=video0,vgamem_mb=16,bus=pci.0,addr=0x4 -device virtio-balloon-pci,id=balloon0,bus=pci.0,addr=0x3 -msg timestamp=onroot      27540  23850  0 03:40 pts/8    00:00:00 grep --color=auto zhai

从上看出：virt-install执行后，最终调用的是qemu-system-ppc64命令来创建vm。

一个虚拟机占用一个进程，可以通过进程管理和控制虚拟机。

log日志：

root@zhaicompute# ls /var/log/libvirt/qemu/zhai-ubuntu.log

创建后，查看网络：

root@zhaicompute# brctl showbridge name     bridge id               STP enabled     interfacesvirbr0          8000.5254000f5c96       yes             virbr0-nic                                                        vnet0

可看出virbr0上多了一下端口vnet0.

virbr0    Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 52:54:00:0f:5c:96          inet addr:192.168.122.1  Bcast:192.168.122.255  Mask:255.255.255.0          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1          RX packets:10646 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0          TX packets:14645 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0          RX bytes:617571 (617.5 KB)  TX bytes:20396983 (20.3 MB)virbr0-nic Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 52:54:00:0f:5c:96          BROADCAST MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0          collisions:0 txqueuelen:500          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)vnet0     Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr fe:54:00:7e:60:d0          inet6 addr: fe80::fc54:ff:fe7e:60d0/64 Scope:Link          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1          RX packets:10646 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0          TX packets:17480 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0          collisions:0 txqueuelen:500          RX bytes:766615 (766.6 KB)  TX bytes:20544635 (20.5 MB)

查看生成的xml配置文件 ：

# ls -lrt /etc/libvirt/qemu-rw------- 1 root root 2511 Apr 15 11:25 zhai-ubuntu.xml

zhai-ubuntu.xml内容：

# cat /etc/libvirt/qemu/zhai-ubuntu.xml<!--WARNING: THIS IS AN AUTO-GENERATED FILE. CHANGES TO IT ARE LIKELY TO BEOVERWRITTEN AND LOST. Changes to this xml configuration should be made using:  virsh edit zhai-ubuntuor other application using the libvirt API.--><domain type='kvm'>  <name>zhai-ubuntu</name>  <uuid>0e5684f5-23aa-8568-ed10-52c844b4d85d</uuid>  <memory unit='KiB'>1048576</memory>  <currentMemory unit='KiB'>1048576</currentMemory>  <vcpu placement='static'>2</vcpu>  <os>    <type arch='ppc64le' machine='pseries-2.3'>hvm</type>    <boot dev='cdrom'/>    <boot dev='hd'/>    <bootmenu enable='yes'/>  </os>  <features>    <acpi/>    <apic/>    <pae/>  </features>  <clock offset='utc'/>  <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>  <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>  <on_crash>restart</on_crash>  <devices>    <emulator>/usr/bin/kvm</emulator>    <disk type='file' device='disk'>      <driver name='qemu' type='qcow2' cache='none'/>      <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/zhaipool/zhai-ubuntu14.04.4.qcow2'/>      <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>    </disk>    <disk type='file' device='disk'>      <driver name='qemu' type='raw' cache='none'/>      <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/zhaipool/ubuntu-14.04.4-server-ppc64el.iso'/>      <target dev='sda' bus='usb'/>    </disk>    <controller type='usb' index='0'>      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/>    </controller>    <controller type='pci' index='0' model='pci-root'/>    <interface type='network'>      <mac address='52:54:00:7e:60:d0'/>      <source network='default'/>      <model type='virtio'/>      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x0'/>    </interface>    <serial type='pty'>      <target port='0'/>      <address type='spapr-vio' reg='0x30000000'/>    </serial>    <console type='pty'>      <target type='serial' port='0'/>      <address type='spapr-vio' reg='0x30000000'/>    </console>    <input type='tablet' bus='usb'/>    <input type='keyboard' bus='usb'/>    <input type='mouse' bus='usb'/>    <graphics type='vnc' port='-1' autoport='yes'/>    <video>      <model type='vga' vram='16384' heads='1'/>      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0'/>    </video>    <memballoon model='virtio'>      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0'/>    </memballoon>  </devices></domain>

  基于KVM建立的虚拟机相关文件默认存放位置
         kvm虚拟机配置文件位置/etc/libvirt/qemu/      <---都是xml文件
         kvm虚拟机文件位置：/var/lib/libvirt/images/   <---可以在建立虚拟机时指定    

建立的虚拟机在运行时相关文件及存放位置
        在虚拟机运行时，会在/var/run/libvirt/qemu目录下存放虚拟机的pid文件和配置文件，配置文件与/etc/libvirt/qemu目录下对应的虚拟机文件相同，pid文件保存有此虚拟机进程号。虚拟机的日志文件存放在/var/log/libvirt/qemu目录下，每个虚拟机一个，文件名称为：虚拟机名称(或UUID)+“.log”

virt-install在生产虚拟机的最后调用virt-viewer打开虚拟机图形界面，进行操作系统的安装，可以通过vnc或者virt-manager打开虚拟机图形界面，继续完成guest操作系统的安装即可。

3.3 virsh vncdisplay命令

Use the virsh vncdisplay vm-name command to get the VNC port number.

root@zhaicompute# virsh vncdisplay zhai-ubuntu:2root@zhaicompute# ps -ef | grep vnclibvirt+  27531      1 99 03:39 ?        00:09:35 qemu-system-ppc64 -enable-kvm -name zhai-ubuntu -S -machine pseries-2.3,accel=kvm,usb=off -m 1024 -realtime mlock=off -smp 1,sockets=1,cores=1,threads=1 -uuid de480a35-4ab5-42e5-b3b6-a47c8b05d9c8 -no-user-config -nodefaults -chardev socket,id=charmonitor,path=/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/zhai-ubuntu.monitor,server,nowait -mon chardev=charmonitor,id=monitor,mode=control -rtc base=utc -no-reboot -boot strict=on -device pci-ohci,id=usb,bus=pci.0,addr=0x2 -device spapr-vscsi,id=scsi0,reg=0x2000 -drive file=/var/lib/libvirt/images/zhaipool/zhai-ubuntu14.04.4.qcow2,if=none,id=drive-scsi0-0-0-0,format=qcow2 -device scsi-hd,bus=scsi0.0,channel=0,scsi-id=0,lun=0,drive=drive-scsi0-0-0-0,id=scsi0-0-0-0,bootindex=2 -drive file=/var/lib/libvirt/images/zhaipool/ubuntu-14.04.4-server-ppc64el.iso,if=none,id=drive-scsi0-0-0-1,readonly=on,format=raw -device scsi-cd,bus=scsi0.0,channel=0,scsi-id=0,lun=1,drive=drive-scsi0-0-0-1,id=scsi0-0-0-1,bootindex=1 -netdev tap,fd=29,id=hostnet0 -device rtl8139,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,mac=52:54:00:cb:ad:fa,bus=pci.0,addr=0x1 -chardev pty,id=charserial0 -device spapr-vty,chardev=charserial0,reg=0x30000000 -device usb-kbd,id=input0 -device usb-mouse,id=input1 -vnc 0.0.0.0:2 -device VGA,id=video0,vgamem_mb=16,bus=pci.0,addr=0x4 -device virtio-balloon-pci,id=balloon0,bus=pci.0,addr=0x3 -msg timestamp=on

3.4 在本机上使用vncviewer或tigervnc连接

qemu不使用linux下的vncserver提供vnc服务，因此在此服务没有启动的情况下，也能通过vnc客户端连接到虚拟机。

在win7下，打开vnc-viewer，输入virt-install命令所在的服务器IP与所安装的虚拟机据点用的vnc端口号0；

点击“OK”,进入安装界面

安装完成后，使用命令virsh start vm-name启动此虚拟机：

root@ctler:~# virsh list --all Id    Name                           State---------------------------------------------------- -     net                            shut offroot@ctler:~# virsh start netDomain net startedroot@ctler:~# virsh list --all Id    Name                           State---------------------------------------------------- 5     net                            running

在linux下：

安装完成后，登录虚机，查看IP

4 本地安装示例

给guest主机划分物理机分区
lvcreate -L20G -n host.demo.com kvm-storage

下载镜像并loop到本地：
wget http://mirrors.manchester.icecolo.com/centos/5.5/isos/x86_64/CentOS-5.5-x86_64-bin-1of8.iso
mkdir /mnt/centos55
mount -o loop CentOS-5.5-x86_64-bin-1of8.iso /mnt/centos55/

通过location本地安装，并通过console管理：
virt-install
-n host.demo.com
-r 512
--vcpus=1
--os-variant=rhel5.4
--accelerate
--nographics
-v
-l /mnt/centos55/
-w bridge:br1
--disk path=/dev/kvm-storage/host.demo.com
-x "console=ttyS0"

管理时可以通过
#查看guest id、name 及状态
virsh list --all
#通过console连接查看
virsh console id或name
#连接完成后会要求输入用户名和密码

5 virt-manager图形安装

通过图形向导界面也可以完成安装，virt-manager可以通过在终端中输入virt-manager或者从菜单应用程序->系统工具中打开。

参考：

1 virt-install 使用说明: http://blog.csdn.net/starshine/article/details/6998189
2 kvm, qemu-kvm以及libvirt之间的关系图：http://blog.csdn.net/zhaihaifei/article/details/51018113
3 kvm虚拟化之virt-install: http://www.361way.com/virt-install/2721.html
4 kvm显示VM的IP:http://www.chengxuyuans.com/Unix/83251.html
5 virbr0: http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-26000137-id-3723948.html