c++类型转换

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前言:c++提供了四种类型转换,分别是static_cast,reinterpret_cast,dynamic_cast,const_cast。它们都有各自的运用场景.

语法形式(四种都一样):

Type dist = *_cast<Type>(src);

1. static_cast(静态类型转换)

 c/c++中自动类型转换的数据都可以使用static_cast进行转换,这种类型转换使得c++编译器在编译的时候进行类型检查。

代码例子:

#include <iostream>using namespace std;void testInt(){    cout << "double ==> int" <<endl;    double b = 24.3436546;    cout << "b:"<< b << endl;    int a = (int)b; // c语言类型转换    cout << "c: b ==> a:" << a <<endl;    int c = static_cast<int>(b);    cout << "c++: b ==> c:" << c <<endl;}void testChar(){    cout << "int ==> char" <<endl;    int b = 100;    cout << "b:"<< b << endl;    char a = (char)b; // c语言类型转换    cout << "c: b ==> a:" << a <<endl;    char c = static_cast<char>(b);    cout << "c++: b ==> c:" << c <<endl;}int main(){    testInt();    testChar();}

2. reinterpret_cast(重新解释类型)

 重新解释类型,有点类似强制转换,如下代码所示:

#include <iostream>using namespace std;class Dog{};class Cat{};int main(){    char* p1 = "the world well be wanderful";    int* p2 = (int*)p1; // c语言类型转换    //int* p3 = static_cast<int*>(p1);    int* p3 = reinterpret_cast<int*>(p1);    cout << "p1:" << p1 <<endl;    cout << "p2:" << p2 <<endl;    cout << "p3:" << p3 <<endl;    Dog* dog = new Dog();    Cat* cat = reinterpret_cast<Cat*>(dog);}

3. dynamic_cast(动态类型转换)

 动态类型转换通常用于将父类指针指向的对象(子类)转换成子类对象。在发生动态的情况下可以用于鉴别父类指针指向的对象的具体类别。

如:

#include <iostream>using namespace std;class Animal{public:    virtual void run(){        cout << "Animal is runing..." <<endl;    }};class Dog : public Animal{public:    void run(){        cout << "Dog is runing..." <<endl;    }    void doHome(){        cout << "Dog doHome..." <<endl;    }};class Cat : public Animal{public:    void run(){        cout << "Cat is runing..." <<endl;    }    void doThing(){        cout << "猫抓老鼠..." <<endl;    }};void play(Animal* base){    base->run();    Dog* dog = dynamic_cast<Dog* >(base);    if(dog !=NULL){        dog->doHome();    }    Cat* cat = dynamic_cast<Cat* >(base);    if(cat != NULL){        cat->doThing();    }};int main(){    Dog dog;    Cat cat;    play(&dog);    play(&cat);}

4. const_cast(常量转换)

 可以将const修饰的指针变量转换成普通的指针变量。使用时需要确保指针变量指向的内存空间的值确实能修改,如果不能修改则会报错。

#include <iostream>using namespace std;void test(const char* p){    char* p1 = const_cast<char *>(p);    p1[3] = 'x';}int main(){    char buf[] = "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa";    test(buf);    cout << buf <<endl;    char* p = "aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa";    cout << p <<endl;    // test(p); // 程序员要确保变量指向的内存空间确实能修改,    // 如果不能修改会带来灾难性的后果}
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