WebWork2教程(中文版)(5)(完)

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5Interceptors

Interceptors允许在调用堆栈中包含任意在Action处理之前和/或处理之后执行的代码。这是你的代码简单,更能重用。XworkWebWork的大部分特性都是Interceptors实现的。你可以通过外部配置,按照你定义的顺序,对指定的Action应用你自己的Interceptors

当你访问.action URL时,WebWorkServletDispatcher启动Action对象,在Action被执行之前,启动允许被其它的对象中断,这就称Interceptor。在指定的Action之前(或之后)执行Interceptor,只要在xwork.xml中配置属性。下面是4.1.1节中展示UI标记用法的例子的Interceptor配置:

<action name="formProcessing" class="lesson04_01_01.FormProcessingAction"> 
       <result name="input" type="dispatcher">ex01-index.jsp</result> 
       <result name="success" type="dispatcher">ex01-success.jsp</result> 
       <interceptor-ref name="validationWorkflowStack" /> 
</action>

FormProcessingAction使用了validationWorkflowStack。这是一个Interceptor堆,组织一组按顺序执行的InterceptorsValidationWorkflowStackWebWork-default.xml中配置,所以我们只要使用<interceptor-ref />Action配置中,或使用<default-interceptor-ref />package配置中使用它。下面是HelloWebWorld例子的Interceptor配置:

<!DOCTYPE xwork PUBLIC "-//OpenSymphony Group//XWork 1.0//EN" 
"http://www.opensymphony.com/xwork/xwork-1.0.dtd">
<xwork>
       <!-- Include WebWork defaults (from WebWork-2.1 JAR). -->
       <include file="WebWork-default.xml" />
       <!-- Configuration for the default package. -->
       <package name="default" extends="WebWork-default">
              <!-- Default interceptor stack. --> 
              <default-interceptor-ref name="defaultStack" /> 
              <!-- Action: Lesson 03: HelloWebWorldAction. --> 
              <action name="helloWebWorld" class="lesson03.HelloWebWorldAction"> 
                <result name="success" type="dispatcher">ex01-success.jsp</result> 
              </action> 
       </package>
</xwork>

看一下Interceptor如何工作的

l         创建Interceptor类,需要扩展com.opensymphony.xwork.interceptor.Interceptor接口(包含在xwork-1.0.jar);

l         xwork.xml文件中,使用<interceptors />内嵌的<interceptor />声明Interceptor类;

l         使用<interceptor-stack />创建Interceptor堆(可选);

l         使用<interceptor-ref /> <default-interceptor-ref />哪些Interceptor由哪个Action使用;前者由指定Action使用,后者为所有Action使用

1WebWork-default.xml

让我们看一下WebWork-default.xml的内容:

<!DOCTYPE xwork PUBLIC "-//OpenSymphony Group//XWork 1.0//EN" 
"http://www.opensymphony.com/xwork/xwork-1.0.dtd">
<xwork>
       <package name="WebWork-default">
              <result-types>
                <result-type name="dispatcher" default="true"
                       class="com.opensymphony.WebWork.dispatcher.ServletDispatcherResult"/>
                <result-type name="redirect" 
                       class="com.opensymphony.WebWork.dispatcher.ServletRedirectResult"/>
                <result-type name="velocity" 
                       class="com.opensymphony.WebWork.dispatcher.VelocityResult"/>
                <result-type name="chain" 
                       class="com.opensymphony.xwork.ActionChainResult"/>
                <result-type name="xslt" 
                       class="com.opensymphony.WebWork.views.xslt.XSLTResult"/>
              </result-types>
              <interceptors>
                <interceptor name="timer" 
                       class="com.opensymphony.xwork.interceptor.TimerInterceptor"/>
                <interceptor name="logger" 
                       class="com.opensymphony.xwork.interceptor.LoggingInterceptor"/>
                <interceptor name="chain" 
                       class="com.opensymphony.xwork.interceptor.ChainingInterceptor"/>
                <interceptor name="static-params" 
                       class="com.opensymphony.xwork.interceptor.StaticParametersInterceptor"/>
                <interceptor name="params" 
                       class="com.opensymphony.xwork.interceptor.ParametersInterceptor"/>
                <interceptor name="model-driven" 
                       class="com.opensymphony.xwork.interceptor.ModelDrivenInterceptor"/>
                <interceptor name="component" 
                       class="com.opensymphony.xwork.interceptor.component.ComponentInterceptor"/>
                <interceptor name="token" 
                       class="com.opensymphony.WebWork.interceptor.TokenInterceptor"/>
                <interceptor name="token-session" 
                       class="com.opensymphony.WebWork.interceptor.TokenSessionStoreInterceptor"/>
                <interceptor name="validation" 
                       class="com.opensymphony.xwork.validator.ValidationInterceptor"/>
                <interceptor name="workflow" 
                       class="com.opensymphony.xwork.interceptor.DefaultWorkflowInterceptor"/>
                <interceptor name="servlet-config" 
                       class="com.opensymphony.WebWork.interceptor.ServletConfigInterceptor"/>
                <interceptor name="prepare" 
                       class="com.opensymphony.xwork.interceptor.PrepareInterceptor"/>
                <interceptor name="conversionError" 
                       class="com.opensymphony.WebWork.interceptor.WebWorkConversionErrorInterceptor"/>
                <interceptor-stack name="defaultStack">
                       <interceptor-ref name="static-params"/>
                       <interceptor-ref name="params"/>
                       <interceptor-ref name="conversionError"/>
                </interceptor-stack>
                <interceptor-stack name="validationWorkflowStack">
                       <interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"/>
                       <interceptor-ref name="validation"/>
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