基于MVC设计模式实现简单PHP框架(雏形)-初期

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(记住:这里只是提供思考的过程)

       其实这里只是一个我们课的Web实验”课程设计题目统计系统“,在做实验的过程中起初只是想往MVC靠拢而已,却不知不觉地“实现”了基于MVC的简单框架的雏形,可能这个框架雏形还有许多BUG(毕竟这只是一个“简单”的框架而已嘛,勿喷),望读者发现后能够指出,谢谢。

       该雏形并不是单一入口框架,后续还将进行修改。

       这里列出的是,我做实验过程中的一些实验体会和遇到的问题:

(1) 如何将存在于控制器中的display模板呢?(参考:http://www.3lian.com/edu/2015/06-18/222798.html

我们可以使用 include的方式引入模板,显示视图。

 

(2) 这里遇到了一个问题:include引入模板文件时,我使用了如 include '../showStudent.php?info=add' 的方式,结果出现了寻找不到该文件的提示,起初我以为是因为路径搞错了的原因,经过不上10几次的修改测试,最后才意识到:include文件时应该不能传递参数吧(参考:http://zhidao.baidu.com/link?url=jUrghtWyr0YljXb3rIg4aimd8_0qxq29Vqe2XMCNJQM35KLBBlIT6SUhaX82aTolSuifwRBIKHSSyTI4jbHbs_ )。是的,仔细想想,就能明白include只是用于引入文件而已,不是传递GET参数,这样当然会出错咯。我自己搞笑了。如果要传递参数,那么可以改成在include设置好变量的值不就行啦。

 

(3) 我们如何将变量注册到模板上呢(控制器中的变量让模板进行使用)?

参考:php模板技术php是怎么向模板中传值的呢? http://zhidao.baidu.com/link?url=QhJKIykE8puBK82S7pW_nPzR8pMTf_tNILdG06sAgEMHQhm9bdVnjS1X4lUT68yJOLvyrILl9KixFHkVR4nSs_ )

刚才已经知道了,我们可以include文件的方式引入模板,那么我们只要在include之前定义好变量,我们就可以在模板文件中“名正言顺”地使用这些变量了。注册变量到模板的实现,可以查看一下我的源码。

 

(4) 注册变量到模板的过程与ThinkPHP的方式类似,实现的话,我目前没去查看ThinkPHP源码进行比较。我这里的实现需要使用到一个PHP函数——extract()(参考:http://www.w3school.com.cn/php/func_array_extract.asp )

extract() 函数从数组中将变量导入到当前的符号表。

实例

将键值 "Cat""Dog""Horse"赋值给变量 $a$b$c

<?php

$a = "Original";

$my_array = array("a" => "Cat","b" => "Dog", "c" => "Horse");extract($my_array);

echo "\$a = $a; \$b = $b; \$c = $c";

?>

那么我们就可以使用,一个assign注册方法,提供传入两个参数,第1个参数为使用在模板上的变量名key,第2个参数为该变量的值value。先以key=>value的方式,存入到数组中,到需要显示模板的时候,我们就可以通过extract()方法将其转化为变量,变量名为key的值,变量的值为value

 

(5)实现分页过程中:mysqlorderbylimit同时使用的bug(参考:http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_705cc5dd01012ehb.html )

起初我的SQL语句是这样的:SELECT * FROM students LIMIT 0,20 ORDER BY sno,结果报错,应该修改为:SELECT * FROM students ORDER BY sno LIMIT 0 , 20。

 

6)单一入口框架(参考:http://blog.csdn.net/qq_15096707/article/details/50766755 )



关键代码:

基本控制器类 Controller.class.php (所有自定义的控制器都将继承于该类)

<?php class Controller {const TPL_PATH = '../'; //当前控制器与模板的相对位置(实际上可以该在配置文件上)private $data = array(); //保存注册到模板上的变量/** * 验证变量是否存在,是否为空 * @param  [type] $v [需要进行验证的变量] * @return [type]    [true | false] */function validate($v) {if(!isset($v) || empty($v)) return false;return true;}/** * 重定向 * @param  [type] $url [重定向的URL地址] * @return [type]      [description] */function redirect($url) {header('Location:' . self::TPL_PATH .$url);exit;}/** * 注册模板上的变量 * @param  [type] $key   [应用在模板上的变量名] * @param  [type] $value [变量对应的值] * @return [type]        [当前对象的引用,提供链式写法] */function assign($key, $value) {$this->data[$key] = $value;return $this;}/** * 显示page模板 * @param  [type] $page [模板的名称] * @return [type]       [description] */function display($page) {if($this->validate($this->data)) {extract($this->data);$this->data = array();}include self::TPL_PATH . $page;}}?>

基本模型类Model.class.php(所有自定义的模型类都将继承于该类)

<?php require_once 'SqlHelper.class.php';class Model {private $sqlHelper;function __construct() {$this->sqlHelper = new SqlHelper();}function execute_dql_res($sql) {return $this->sqlHelper->execute_dql_res($sql);}function execute_dql_arr($sql) {return $this->sqlHelper->execute_dql_arr($sql);}function execute_dml($sql) {return $this->sqlHelper->execute_dml($sql);}}?>
数据库操作类 SqlHelper.class.php

<?php class SqlHelper {private $mysqli;private $host = 'localhost';private $user = 'root';private $pwd = '123';private $db = 'test';private $port = 3306;public function __construct() {//完成初始化任务if(defined('SAE_MYSQL_DB')) { //判断是否是云平台$this->host = SAE_MYSQL_HOST_M;$this->user = SAE_MYSQL_USER;$this->pwd = SAE_MYSQL_PASS;$this->db = SAE_MYSQL_DB;$this->port = SAE_MYSQL_PORT;}$this->mysqli = new MySQLi($this->host, $this->user, $this->pwd, $this->db, $this->port);if($this->mysqli->connect_error) {die('连接失败' . $this->mysqli->connect_error);}//设置访问数据库的字符集//这句话的作用是保证php是以utf8的方式来操作我们的mysql数据库$this->mysqli->query("SET NAMES utf8") or die($this->mysqli->error);}public function execute_dql_res($sql) {$res = $this->mysqli->query($sql) or die('操作dql失败' . $this->mysqli->error);return $res;}public function execute_dql_arr($sql) {$arr = array();$res = $this->mysqli->query($sql) or die('操作dql失败' . $this->mysqli->error);while($row = $res->fetch_assoc()) {$arr[] = $row;}$res->free_result();return $arr;}public function execute_dml($sql) {$res = $this->mysqli->query($sql)/* or die('操作dml失败' . $this->mysqli->error)*/;if(!$res) {return 0; //表示失败} else {if($this->mysqli->affected_rows > 0) {return 1; //表示成功} else {return 2; //表示没有行受到影响}}}public function __destruct() {$this->mysqli->close();}}?>

下面是基于这个雏形的实验代码(界面采用了Bootstrap框架):

目录结构如下:


实验运行结果:




input.php

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="zh-CN">  <head>    <meta charset="utf-8">    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">    <!-- 上述3个meta标签*必须*放在最前面,任何其他内容都*必须*跟随其后! -->    <title>课程设计题目统计系统</title>    <!-- Bootstrap -->    <link href="/Lab6/Lab6_1/Public/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">    <link href="/Lab6/Lab6_1/Public/style.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>    <!-- HTML5 shim and Respond.js for IE8 support of HTML5 elements and media queries -->    <!-- WARNING: Respond.js doesn't work if you view the page via file:// -->    <!--[if lt IE 9]>      <script src="//cdn.bootcss.com/html5shiv/3.7.2/html5shiv.min.js"></script>      <script src="//cdn.bootcss.com/respond.js/1.4.2/respond.min.js"></script>    <![endif]-->  </head>  <body>    <div class="container">      <div class="col-sm-3"></div>      <div class="col-sm-6 content">        <h2>课程设计题目统计系统</h2>        <form class="form-horizontal" action="Controller/InputController.php" method="POST">          <div class="form-group">            <label for="number" class="col-sm-3 control-label">学生学号:</label>            <div class="col-sm-9">              <input type="text" class="form-control" id="number" placeholder="输入12位学号" name="sno">            </div>          </div>          <div class="form-group">            <label for="name" class="col-sm-3 control-label">学生姓名:</label>            <div class="col-sm-9">              <input type="text" class="form-control" id="name" placeholder="姓名" name="name">            </div>          </div>          <div class="form-group">            <label for="password" class="col-sm-3 control-label">修改密码:</label>            <div class="col-sm-9">              <input type="password" class="form-control" id="password" placeholder="首次输入作为后面修改的密码" name="psw">            </div>          </div>          <div class="form-group">            <label for="title" class="col-sm-3 control-label">你的题目:</label>            <div class="col-sm-9">              <input type="text" class="form-control" id="title" placeholder="按照课程设计题目要求" name="title">            </div>          </div>          <div class="form-group">            <label for="name" class="col-sm-3 control-label">合作学生:</label>            <div class="col-sm-9">              <input type="text" class="form-control" id="name" placeholder="姓名,没有就空,只负责不同方面" name="partner">            </div>          </div>          <div class="form-group">            <div class="col-sm-offset-3 col-sm-9">                <label>                  <input type="radio" name="action" value="add"  checked="checked"> 新增题目                </label>                                  <label>                  <input type="radio" name="action" value="modify"> 修改试题                </label>            </div>          </div>          <div class="form-group">            <div class="col-sm-offset-3 col-sm-9">              <button type="submit" class="btn btn-info">提交操作</button>                 <a href="Controller/showController.php">显示全部学生题目</a>            </div>          </div>          <?php            $err = array('sno'=>'学生学号不能为空!', 'name'=>'学生姓名不能为空!', 'psw'=>'修改密码不能为空', 'title'=>'题目标题不能为空!', 'add'=>'新增题目失败,原因可能为已新增过题目了,请尝试选择“修改试题”进行提交!', 'modify'=>'修改试题失败,原因可能为:1.未新增过题目;2.学生学号输入错误;3.修改密码输入错误!');            if($_GET['err']) {          ?>               <p class="info"><span style="font-weight: bold">错误:</span><?php echo $err[$_GET['err']];?></p>          <?php            }          ?>        </form>      </div>      <div class="col-sm-3"></div>    </div>    <!-- jQuery (necessary for Bootstrap's JavaScript plugins) -->    <script src="/Lab6/Lab6_1/Public/js/jquery.min.js"></script>    <!-- Include all compiled plugins (below), or include individual files as needed -->    <script src="/Lab6/Lab6_1/Public/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>  </body></html>

showStudent.php

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="zh-CN">  <head>    <meta charset="utf-8">    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">    <!-- 上述3个meta标签*必须*放在最前面,任何其他内容都*必须*跟随其后! -->    <title>课程设计题目统计系统</title>    <!-- Bootstrap -->    <link href="/Lab6/Lab6_1/Public/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">    <link href="/Lab6/Lab6_1/Public/style.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/>    <style>      p.info {        margin-bottom: 0;      }    </style>    <!-- HTML5 shim and Respond.js for IE8 support of HTML5 elements and media queries -->    <!-- WARNING: Respond.js doesn't work if you view the page via file:// -->    <!--[if lt IE 9]>      <script src="//cdn.bootcss.com/html5shiv/3.7.2/html5shiv.min.js"></script>      <script src="//cdn.bootcss.com/respond.js/1.4.2/respond.min.js"></script>    <![endif]-->  </head>  <body><div class="container">      <div class="content">        <?php          if($info) {            if($info == 'add') {              $fo = '新增';            } else if($info == 'modify') {              $fo = '修改';            }        ?>             <p class="info"><marquee behavior="scroll" direction="left"><span style="font-weight: bold">消息:</span><?php echo $fo . '题目成功!';?></marquee></p>        <?php          }        ?>                <table class="table table-hover">          <caption><h3>学生课程设计题目</h3></caption>          <?php            if(!isset($res) || empty($res)) {              echo '<tr><td>暂无学生题目</td></tr>';            } else {          ?>          <thead>            <tr>              <!-- <th>删除</th> -->              <th>序号</th>              <th>学号</th>              <th>姓名</th>              <th>题目</th>              <th>状态</th>              <th>录入时间</th>              <th>合作学生</th>            </tr>          </thead>          <tbody>            <?php              $i = $start ? $start : 1;              foreach ($res as $value) {                echo '<tr>';                echo "<th scope='row'>$i</th>";                echo "<td>{$value['sno']}</td>";                 echo "<td>{$value['name']}</td>";                 echo "<td>{$value['title']}</td>";                 echo "<td>{$value['state']}</td>";                 echo "<td>{$value['last_time']}</td>";                 echo "<td>{$value['partner']}</td>";                 echo '</tr>';                $i++;              }            ?>          </tbody>          <?php            }          ?>        </table>        <nav>          <ul class="pager">            <li>              <?php                if($prePage) {                  if($prePage >= 1) {                    echo "<a href='showController.php?cur=$prePage'>上一页</a>";                  }                }              ?>            </li>            <li>              <?php                if($nextPage) {                  if($nextPage >= 1) {                    echo "<a href='showController.php?cur=$nextPage'>下一页</a>";                  }                }              ?>            </li>          </ul>        </nav>        <a href="/Lab6/Lab6_1/input.php">返回输入界面</a>      </div>    </div>    <!-- jQuery (necessary for Bootstrap's JavaScript plugins) -->    <script src="/Lab6/Lab6_1/Public/js/jquery.min.js"></script>    <!-- Include all compiled plugins (below), or include individual files as needed -->    <script src="/Lab6/Lab6_1/Public/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>  </body></html>

style.css

body {  font-family: "微软雅黑", "Microsoft YaHei";  background-color: #E8DDCB;}.content {  border: 1px solid #DDD;  border-radius: 5px;  box-shadow: 0 0 5px #ABCEDF;  padding: 0 20px 20px;  background-color: #FFF;    margin: 50px 0;  filter:alpha(opacity=100);  /* ie 有效*/  -moz-opacity: 1; /* Firefox  有效*/  opacity: 1; /* 通用,其他浏览器  有效*/  animation: contentAnim 1s;  -moz-animation: contentAnim 1s; /* Firefox */  -webkit-animation: contentAnim 1s;  /* Safari 和 Chrome */  -o-animation: contentAnim 1s; /* Opera */}.content h2 {  text-align: center;  margin: 30px 0;}@keyframes contentAnim {  from {margin-top: 300px; filter:alpha(opacity=0); -moz-opacity: 0; opacity: 0;}  to {margin-top: 50px; filter:alpha(opacity=100); -moz-opacity: 1; opacity: 1;}}@-moz-keyframes contentAnim { /* Firefox */   from {margin-top: 300px; filter:alpha(opacity=0); -moz-opacity: 0; opacity: 0;}  to {margin-top: 50px; filter:alpha(opacity=100); -moz-opacity: 1; opacity: 1;}}@-webkit-keyframes contentAnim { /* Safari 和 Chrome */   from {margin-top: 300px; filter:alpha(opacity=0); -moz-opacity: 0; opacity: 0;}  to {margin-top: 50px; filter:alpha(opacity=100); -moz-opacity: 1; opacity: 1;}}@-o-keyframes contentAnim { /* Opera */   from {margin-top: 300px; filter:alpha(opacity=0); -moz-opacity: 0; opacity: 0;}  to {margin-top: 50px; filter:alpha(opacity=100); -moz-opacity: 1; opacity: 1;}}p.info {  margin: 20px 0;  padding: 10px 30px;  background-color: #E8DDCB;  border: 1px solid #CCC;  border-radius: 5px;}

基本控制器类Controller.class.php 和 基本模型类 Model.class.php 在上面已经列出。

InputController.class.php

<?phprequire_once 'Controller.class.php';require_once '../Model/StudentModel.class.php';class InputController extends Controller {protected $required = array('sno'=>'学生学号不能为空!', 'name'=>'学生姓名不能为空!', 'psw'=>'修改密码不能为空', 'title'=>'题目标题不能为空!');function check() {foreach ($this->required as $key => $value) {if(!$this->validate($_POST[$key])) {$this->redirect('input.php?err=' . $key);}}}function doAction() {if($this->validate($_POST['action'])) {if($_POST['action'] == 'add') {$this->add();} else {$this->modify();}}}function add() {$studentModel = new StudentModel();if($studentModel->add()) {$this->assign('info', 'add')->show();} else {$this->redirect('input.php?err=add');}}function modify() {//echo 'modify';$studentModel = new StudentModel();if($studentModel->modify()) {$this->assign('info', 'modify')->show();} else {$this->redirect('input.php?err=modify');}}function show() {$studentModel = new StudentModel();$cur = 1; //当前页数第一页if($this->validate($_GET['cur'])) {$cur = $_GET['cur'];}$res = $studentModel->page($cur);$this->assign('res', $res)->assign('start', ($cur-1) * $studentModel->getEachPageLen() + 1)->assign('prePage', $cur-1)->assign('nextPage', $cur+1)->display('showStudent.php');}}?>

inputController.php

<?phprequire_once 'InputController.class.php';$inputC = new InputController();$inputC->check();$inputC->doAction();?>

showController.php

<?phprequire_once 'InputController.class.php';$inputC = new InputController();$inputC->show();?>


StudentModel.class.php

<?php require_once 'Model.class.php';class StudentModel extends Model {private $eachPageLen = 15;//新增数据function add() {$sno = $_POST['sno'];$name = $_POST['name'];$psw = $_POST['psw'];$title = $_POST['title'];$partner = $_POST['partner'];$sql = "INSERT INTO students(`sno`, `name`, `psw`, `title`, `last_time`, `partner`) VALUES('$sno', '$name', '$psw', '$title', now(), '$partner')";$res = $this->execute_dml($sql);if($res == 1) {return 1; //新增题目成功} else {return 0; //新增题目失败}}//修改数据function modify() {$sno = $_POST['sno'];$psw = $_POST['psw'];$title = $_POST['title'];$partner = !isset($_POST['partner']) || empty($_POST['partner']) ? '' : $_POST['partner'];$sql = "UPDATE students SET `title` = '$title', `partner` = '$partner' WHERE `sno` = '$sno' AND `psw` = '$psw'";$res = $this->execute_dml($sql);if($res == 1) {return 1; //修改题目成功} else {return 0; //修改题目失败}}//分页查询数据function page($cur) {$length = $this->eachPageLen;$offset = ($cur - 1) * $length;$sql = "SELECT * FROM students ORDER BY sno LIMIT $offset,$length";return $arr = $this->execute_dql_arr($sql);}//得到每页的页数function getEachPageLen() {return $this->eachPageLen;}}?>


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