Spring 4 MVC 表单校验资源处理（带源码）
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#项目下载地址：http://websystique.com/?smd_process_download=1&download_id=1258#
特别说明：此系列教程有的童鞋下载下来运行 经常404 或者改成xml方式以后
缺少org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderServlet等
参见：http://blog.csdn.net/w605283073/article/details/52126347
本文我们将学习使用Spring 表单标签（ Spring Form Tags）,表单验证使用JSR-303验证注解( JSR-303 validation annotations), hibernate-validators,使用 MessageSource 实现国际化支持和ResourceHandlerRegistry实现访问静态资源 (e.g. CSS, javascript, images) 所有的这些都基于注解。
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使用的技术或者软件
- Spring 4.0.6.RELEASE
- validation-api 1.1.0.Final
- hibernate-validator 5.1.2.Final
- Bootstrap v3.1.0
- Maven 3
- JDK 1.6
- Tomcat 7.0.54
- Eclipse JUNO Service Release 2
让我们开始吧。。
第1步: 创建项目目录结构
最终的项目结构
接下来 我们添加或者更新上面项目结构中的文件。
第2步: 修改pom.xml添加Spring 和Servlet 依赖
<?xml version="1.0"?><project xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.websystique.springmvc</groupId> <artifactId>Spring4MVCFormValidationExample</artifactId> <packaging>war</packaging> <version>1.0.0</version> <name>Spring4MVCFormValidationExample</name> <properties> <springframework.version>4.0.6.RELEASE</springframework.version> <hibernate.validator.version>5.1.2.Final</hibernate.validator.version> <javax.validation.version>1.1.0.Final</javax.validation.version> </properties> <dependencies> <!-- Spring dependencies --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <version>${springframework.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> <version>${springframework.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>${springframework.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- jsr303 validation dependencies--> <dependency> <groupId>javax.validation</groupId> <artifactId>validation-api</artifactId> <version>${javax.validation.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId> <version>${hibernate.validator.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- Servlet dependencies --> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> <version>3.1.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId> <version>2.3.1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> <version>1.2</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <pluginManagement> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.2</version> <configuration> <source>1.6</source> <target>1.6</target> </configuration> </plugin> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.4</version> <configuration> <warSourceDirectory>src/main/webapp</warSourceDirectory> <warName>Spring4MVCFormValidationExample</warName> <failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </pluginManagement> <finalName>Spring4MVCFormValidationExample</finalName> </build></project>首先要注意的是 maven-war-plugin 的声明.
因为我们想完
全不用xml，我们需要配置这个插件防止maven创建war包失败。添加了JSP/Servlet/Jstl依赖，因为我们在视图代码里面将会用到servlet api和jstl表达式。
一般来说，容器已经包含了这些库，你可以在pom.xml文件中设置它们的scope为provided 。
第3步:创建 POJO / Domain 对象
此domain 对象将扮演承载表单中的user数据的角色。
想要验证的属性我们将加上注解。
com.websystique.springmvc.model.Student
package com.websystique.springmvc.model; import java.io.Serializable;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.Date;import java.util.List; import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull;import javax.validation.constraints.Past;import javax.validation.constraints.Size; import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.Email;import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.NotEmpty;import org.springframework.format.annotation.DateTimeFormat; public class Student implements Serializable { @Size(min=3, max=30) private String firstName; @Size(min=3, max=30) private String lastName; @NotEmpty private String sex; @DateTimeFormat(pattern="dd/MM/yyyy") @Past @NotNull private Date dob; @Email @NotEmpty private String email; @NotEmpty private String section; @NotEmpty private String country; private boolean firstAttempt; @NotEmpty private List<String> subjects = new ArrayList<String>(); public String getFirstName() { return firstName; } public void setFirstName(String firstName) { this.firstName = firstName; } public String getLastName() { return lastName; } public void setLastName(String lastName) { this.lastName = lastName; } public String getSex() { return sex; } public void setSex(String sex) { this.sex = sex; } public Date getDob() { return dob; } public void setDob(Date dob) { this.dob = dob; } public String getEmail() { return email; } public void setEmail(String email) { this.email = email; } public String getSection() { return section; } public void setSection(String section) { this.section = section; } public String getCountry() { return country; } public void setCountry(String country) { this.country = country; } public boolean isFirstAttempt() { return firstAttempt; } public void setFirstAttempt(boolean firstAttempt) { this.firstAttempt = firstAttempt; } public List<String> getSubjects() { return subjects; } public void setSubjects(List<String> subjects) { this.subjects = subjects; } @Override public String toString() { return "Student [firstName=" + firstName + ", lastName=" + lastName + ", sex=" + sex + ", dob=" + dob + ", email=" + email + ", section=" + section + ", country=" + country + ", firstAttempt=" + firstAttempt + ", subjects=" + subjects + "]"; } }上面代码中
@Size, @Past & @NotNull 是标准验证注解 @NotEmpty & @Email 则不是（来自hibernate或者spring）.Step 4: 添加控制器
com.websystique.springmvc.controller.HelloWorldController
package com.websystique.springmvc.controller; import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.List; import javax.validation.Valid; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;import org.springframework.validation.BindingResult;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; import com.websystique.springmvc.model.Student; @Controller@RequestMapping("/")public class HelloWorldController { /* * This method will serve as default GET handler. * */ @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET) public String newRegistration(ModelMap model) { Student student = new Student(); model.addAttribute("student", student); return "enroll"; } /* * This method will be called on form submission, handling POST request * It also validates the user input */ @RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.POST) public String saveRegistration(@Valid Student student, BindingResult result, ModelMap model){ if(result.hasErrors()) { return "enroll"; } model.addAttribute("success", "Dear "+ student.getFirstName()+" , your Registration completed successfully"); return "success"; } /* * Method used to populate the Section list in view. * Note that here you can call external systems to provide real data. */ @ModelAttribute("sections") public List<String> initializeSections() { List<String> sections = new ArrayList<String>(); sections.add("Graduate"); sections.add("Post Graduate"); sections.add("Research"); return sections; } /* * Method used to populate the country list in view. * Note that here you can call external systems to provide real data. */ @ModelAttribute("countries") public List<String> initializeCountries() { List<String> countries = new ArrayList<String>(); countries.add("USA"); countries.add("CANADA"); countries.add("FRANCE"); countries.add("GERMANY"); countries.add("ITALY"); countries.add("OTHER"); return countries; } /* * Method used to populate the subjects list in view. * Note that here you can call external systems to provide real data. */ @ModelAttribute("subjects") public List<String> initializeSubjects() { List<String> subjects = new ArrayList<String>(); subjects.add("Physics"); subjects.add("Chemistry"); subjects.add("Life Science"); subjects.add("Political Science"); subjects.add("Computer Science"); subjects.add("Mathmatics"); return subjects; } }@Controller 注解表明此控制器将用来处理@RequestMapping映射的请求.带有‘/’,说明这个是默认的开工资器. newRegistration 带有@RequestMethod.GET 处理默认的Get请求, 在模型中添加了student对象为表单提供数据,。
initializeSections, initializeCountries & initializeSubjects 等方法，简单的创建request级别的对象，他们的值将在view或者jsp页面里使用。
带有 将用来处理表单的POST提交.注意此方法参数的顺序@RequestMethod.POST 注解的saveRegistration方法@Valid 要求spring校验对象(student). BindingResult 包含校验过程中包含的错误等信息.注意 BindingResult必修跟在被检验对象的后面，否则spring不仅不进行对象的校验而且还会抛出异常。
注意：如果校验失败，我们不想要的效果：默认或者一般的错误信息将会输出在屏幕上。因此我们可以重写欣慰提供者internationalized messages 指明每个属性。要想这样做，我们需要配置应用中的MessageSource 配置文件提供实际消息的属性文件。
第5步: 添加配置类
com.websystique.springmvc.configuration.HelloWorldConfiguration
package com.websystique.springmvc.configuration; import org.springframework.context.MessageSource;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource;import org.springframework.web.servlet.ViewResolver;import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ResourceHandlerRegistry;import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter;import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver;import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView; @Configuration@EnableWebMvc@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.websystique.springmvc")public class HelloWorldConfiguration extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter { /* * Configure View Resolver */ @Bean public ViewResolver viewResolver() { InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver(); viewResolver.setViewClass(JstlView.class); viewResolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/views/"); viewResolver.setSuffix(".jsp"); return viewResolver; } /* * Configure ResourceHandlers to serve static resources like CSS/ Javascript etc... * */ @Override public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) { registry.addResourceHandler("/static/**").addResourceLocations("/static/"); } /* * Configure MessageSource to provide internationalized messages * */ @Bean public MessageSource messageSource() { ResourceBundleMessageSource messageSource = new ResourceBundleMessageSource(); messageSource.setBasename("messages"); return messageSource; } }@Configuration 表明此类包含一个或者多个含有 @Bean注解的方法，提供spring 容器的bean的管理。
@EnableWebMvc 等价于 xml中的mvc:annotation-driven . 他使得 @Controller注解的类通过@RequestMapping 来映射请求url对应的处理器。
@ComponentScan等价于 context:component-scan base-package="..." 通过此配置spring来扫描bean
viewResolver 配置视图解析器解析到对应的视图.addResourceHandlers 方法为页面所需的静态资源如resources. CSS, JavaScript, images等添加ResourceHandler .上面的配置意思是说所有的对 /static/的资源请求都对应webapp文件夹下的 /static/ 文件夹.
messageSource 配置一个 消息绑定绑定 [internationalized] 配置文件中的消息. 注意baseName 方法设置的值（messages）. 因此Spring 将在类路径搜索messages.properties.
src/main/resources/messages.properties
Size.student.firstName=First Name must be between {2} and {1} characters longSize.student.lastName=Last Name must be between {2} and {1} characters longNotEmpty.student.sex=Please specify your genderNotNull.student.dob=Date of birth can not be blankPast.student.dob=Date of birth must be in the pastEmail.student.email=Please provide a valid Email addressNotEmpty.student.email=Email can not be blankNotEmpty.student.country=Please select your countryNotEmpty.student.section=Please select your sectionNotEmpty.student.subjects=Please select at least one subjecttypeMismatch=Invalid format{验证注解类}.{模型对象}.{属性名}
另外, 对于特定的注解 (如@Size)你也可以使用 {0},{1},..{i}等传递这些消息的参数。
xml配置形式
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd"> <context:component-scan base-package="com.websystique.springmvc" /> <mvc:annotation-driven/> <mvc:resources mapping="/static/**" location="/static/" /> <mvc:default-servlet-handler /> <bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource"> <property name="basename"> <value>messages</value> </property> </bean> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="prefix"> <value>/WEB-INF/views/</value> </property> <property name="suffix"> <value>.jsp</value> </property> </bean> </beans>
第6步: 添加视图(简单得JSP页面)
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%><%@ taglib prefix="form" uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form"%><%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"> <title>Student Enrollment Form</title> <link href="<c:url value='/static/css/bootstrap.css' />" rel="stylesheet"></link> <link href="<c:url value='/static/css/custom.css' />" rel="stylesheet"></link></head> <body> <div class="form-container"> <h1>Enrollment Form</h1> <form:form method="POST" modelAttribute="student" class="form-horizontal"> <div class="row"> <div class="form-group col-md-12"> <label class="col-md-3 control-lable" for="firstName">First Name</label> <div class="col-md-7"> <form:input type="text" path="firstName" id="firstName" class="form-control input-sm"/> <div class="has-error"> <form:errors path="firstName" class="help-inline"/> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="form-group col-md-12"> <label class="col-md-3 control-lable" for="lastName">Last Name</label> <div class="col-md-7"> <form:input type="text" path="lastName" id="lastName" class="form-control input-sm"/> <div class="has-error"> <form:errors path="lastName" class="help-inline"/> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="form-group col-md-12"> <label class="col-md-3 control-lable" for="sex">Sex</label> <div class="col-md-7" class="form-control input-sm"> <form:radiobutton path="sex" value="M" />Male <form:radiobutton path="sex" value="F" />Female <div class="has-error"> <form:errors path="sex" class="help-inline"/> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="form-group col-md-12"> <label class="col-md-3 control-lable" for="dob">Date of birth</label> <div class="col-md-7"> <form:input type="text" path="dob" id="dob" class="form-control input-sm"/> <div class="has-error"> <form:errors path="dob" class="help-inline"/> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="form-group col-md-12"> <label class="col-md-3 control-lable" for="email">Email</label> <div class="col-md-7"> <form:input type="text" path="email" id="email" class="form-control input-sm"/> <div class="has-error"> <form:errors path="email" class="help-inline"/> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="form-group col-md-12"> <label class="col-md-3 control-lable" for="section">Section</label> <div class="col-md-7" class="form-control input-sm"> <form:radiobuttons path="section" items="${sections}" /> <div class="has-error"> <form:errors path="section" class="help-inline"/> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="form-group col-md-12"> <label class="col-md-3 control-lable" for="country">Country</label> <div class="col-md-7"> <form:select path="country" id="country" class="form-control input-sm"> <form:option value="">Select Country</form:option> <form:options items="${countries}" /> </form:select> <div class="has-error"> <form:errors path="country" class="help-inline"/> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="form-group col-md-12"> <label class="col-md-3 control-lable" for="firstAttempt">First Attempt ?</label> <div class="col-md-1"> <form:checkbox path="firstAttempt" class="form-control input-sm"/> <div class="has-error"> <form:errors path="firstAttempt" class="help-inline"/> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="form-group col-md-12"> <label class="col-md-3 control-lable" for="subjects">Subjects</label> <div class="col-md-7"> <form:select path="subjects" items="${subjects}" multiple="true" class="form-control input-sm"/> <div class="has-error"> <form:errors path="subjects" class="help-inline"/> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="form-actions floatRight"> <input type="submit" value="Register" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm"> </div> </div> </form:form> </div></body></html>WEB-INF/views/success.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%><%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %><html><head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"> <title>Student Enrollment Detail Confirmation</title> <link href="<c:url value='/static/css/custom.css' />" rel="stylesheet"></link></head><body> <div class="success"> Confirmation message : ${success} <br> We have also sent you a confirmation mail to your email address : ${student.email}. </div></body></html>第7步:添加初始化类
com.websystique.springmvc.configuration.HelloWorldInitializer
package com.websystique.springmvc.configuration; import javax.servlet.ServletContext;import javax.servlet.ServletException;import javax.servlet.ServletRegistration; import org.springframework.web.WebApplicationInitializer;import org.springframework.web.context.support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext;import org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet; public class HelloWorldInitializer implements WebApplicationInitializer { public void onStartup(ServletContext container) throws ServletException { AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext ctx = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext(); ctx.register(HelloWorldConfiguration.class); ctx.setServletContext(container); ServletRegistration.Dynamic servlet = container.addServlet( "dispatcher", new DispatcherServlet(ctx)); servlet.setLoadOnStartup(1); servlet.addMapping("/"); } }当然也可以通过继承AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer类来简化上面的类
package com.websystique.springmvc.configuration; import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer; public class HelloWorldInitializer extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer { @Override protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() { return new Class[] { HelloWorldConfiguration.class }; } @Override protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() { return null; } @Override protected String[] getServletMappings() { return new String[] { "/" }; } }第8步: 创建和发布应用
如果现在直接提交，将会看到校验的错误信息 和message.properties对应
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