flask笔记：4：web表单

来源：互联网发布：淘宝上人参能买吗编辑：程序博客网时间：2024/05/08 05:27

处理web表单表单需要Flask-WTF

在根目录创建一个配置文件

myblog/config.py

CSRF_ENABLED=TrueSECRET_KEY='you-will-never-guess'

CSRF_ENABLED配置是为了激活跨站点请求伪造保护

SECRET_KEY是当CSRF激活后，建立一个加密令牌，用于验证表单

修改app/__init__.py

from flask import Flaskapp=Flask(__name__)app.config.from_object('config')from app import views#读取配置文件

编写第一个表单

app/forms.py

from flask.ext.wtf import Formfrom wtforms import StringField,BooleanFieldfrom wtforms.validators import DataRequiredclass LoginForm(Form):    openid = StringField('openid',validators=[DataRequired()])    remember_me = BooleanField('remember_me',default=False)

导入所需的模块

创建一个Form类

定义一个openid文本框(StringField)，名字是openid，需要验证是否为空validators=[DataRequired()]

定义一个remember_me选择框(BooleanField )，名字remember_me，默认是False

创建表单模板

app/templates/login.html

{% extends "base.html" %}{% block content %}<h1>Sigh In</h1><form method="post" action="" name="login">    {{form.hidden_tag()}}    <p>        Please enter your OpenID:<br>        {{form.openid(size=80)}}<br>    </p>    <p>{{form.remember_me}} Remember Me</p>    <p><input type="submit" value="Sign In"></p></form>{% endblock %}

{{form.hidden_tag()}} 用来实现在配置中的CSRF保护，如果已经激活CSRF，这个字段要出现在所有表单中

{{form.openid(size=80)}} form表单的openid字段，输入框大小80

表单视图

修改 app/views.py

from flask import render_templatefrom app import appfrom .forms import LoginForm@app.route('/')@app.route('/index')def index ():    user={'nickname':'Bob'}    posts=[            {'author':{'nickname':'John'},             'body':'Beautiful day in Portland!'},            {'author':{'nickname':'Susan'},             'body':'The Avengers movie was so cool!'}           ]    return render_template("index.html",    title="Home",    user=user,    posts=posts)@app.route('/login',methods=['GET','POST'])def login ():    form = LoginForm()    return render_template("login.html",    title = "Sign In",    form = form)#导入LoginForm，视图接受GET和POST请求#实例化一个LoginForm

接收表单数据

修改 app/views.py

from flask import render_template,flash,redirectfrom app import appfrom .forms import LoginForm@app.route('/')@app.route('/index')def index ():    user={'nickname':'Bob'}    posts=[            {'author':{'nickname':'John'},             'body':'Beautiful day in Portland!'},            {'author':{'nickname':'Susan'},             'body':'The Avengers movie was so cool!'}           ]    return render_template("index.html",    title="Home",    user=user,    posts=posts)@app.route('/login',methods=['GET','POST'])def login ():    form = LoginForm()    if form.validate_on_submit():        flash('login requested for OpenID="'+form.openid.data+'",remember_me='+str(form.remember_me.data))        return redirect('/index')    return render_template("login.html",    title = "Sign In",    form = form)#form.validate_on_submit()判断是否提交#提交后用flash( )传递数据#redirect( )是url跳转

修改 app/templates/base.html

<html>    <head>        {% if title %}        <title>{{title}} - myblog</title>        {% else %}        <title>Welcome - myblog</title>        {% endif %}    </head>    <body>        <div>MyBlog:<a href="/index">Home</a></div>        <hr>        {% with messages = get_flashed_messages() %}        {% if messages %}        <ul>            {% for message in messages %}            <li>{{ message }}</li>            {% endfor %}        </ul>        {% endif %}        {% endwith %}        {% block content %}        {% endblock%}    </body></html>

修改 app/templates/login.html

{% extends "base.html" %}{% block content %}<h1>Sigh In</h1><form method="post" action="" name="login">    {{form.hidden_tag()}}    <p>        Please enter your OpenID:<br>        {{form.openid(size=80)}}<br>        {% for error in form.openid.errors %}        <span style="color:red;">[{{ error }}]</span>        {% endfor %}<br>    </p>    <p>{{form.remember_me}} Remember Me</p>    <p><input type="submit" value="Sign In"></p></form>{% endblock %}

显示：

不输入直接提交会显示错误，这个是程序自带的错误提示，就是form.openid.errors

在输入框输入bob，选中remember_me

在index页面显示出提交的内容

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