nagios安装

来源：互联网发布：二战阵亡人数知乎编辑：程序博客网时间：2024/05/16 01:40

前言
最近在研究云监控的相关工具，之前写过Ganglia的安装步骤，这回来记录下Nagios的安装步骤。

本文不讲解相关原理,若想了解请参考其他资料.

本文目的: 即使之前未触过nagios,也能按照文中步骤搭建自己的nagios监控集群.

@Author duangr

@Website http://my.oschina.net/duangr/blog/183160

1. Nagios简介
Nagios是一个可运行在Linux/Unix平台之上的开源监视系统，可以用来监视系统运行状态和网络信息。Nagios可以监视所指定的本地或远程主机以及服务，同时提供异常通知功能。在系统或服务状态异常时发出邮件或短信报警第一时间通知网站运维人员，在状态恢复后发出正常的邮件或短信通知。

2. 相关环境
Host Name IP OS
Arch
duangr-1 192.168.56.10CentOS 6.4 x86_64
duangr-2 192.168.56.11
CentOS 6.4
x86_64
duangr-3 192.168.56.12
CentOS 6.4
x86_64
3. 部署规划
项值
监控服务主节点(Master)
duangr-1
被监控从节点(Slave) duangr-2, duangr-3
Nagios主节点需要安装:

nagios

nagios-plugin

nrpe

php

apache

Nagios从节点需要安装:

nagios-plugin

nrpe

安装路径规划

项值
nagios安装路径
/usr/local/nagios
php安装路径 /usr/local/php
apache安装路径 /usr/local/apache2
4. 代码获取
nagios-4.0.2.tar.gz

nagios-plugins-1.5.tar.gz

nrpe-2.15.tar.gz

httpd-2.2.23.tar.gz

php-5.4.10.tar.gz

5. 前提依赖
5.1 主机环境检查(全部节点)

# rpm -q gcc glibc glibc-common gd gd-devel xinetd openssl-devel
gcc-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64
glibc-2.14.1-6.x86_64
glibc-common-2.14.1-6.x86_64
gd-2.0.35-11.el6.x86_64
package gd-devel is not installed
package xinetd is not installed
openssl-devel-1.0.0-27.el6.x86_64
若有缺失,请先安装. 可通过如下几个镜像网站下载相关安装包:

http://rpm.pbone.net/

http://mirrors.163.com/centos/6.4/os/x86_64/Packages/

http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/6.4/os/x86_64/Packages/

安装后再次检查如下:

# rpm -q gcc glibc glibc-common gd gd-devel xinetd openssl-devel
gcc-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64
glibc-2.14.1-6.x86_64
glibc-common-2.14.1-6.x86_64
gd-2.0.35-11.el6.x86_64
gd-devel-2.0.35-11.el6.x86_64
xinetd-2.3.14-38.el6.x86_64
openssl-devel-1.0.0-27.el6.x86_64
6. 编译安装
6.1 创建用户nagios(全部节点)

useradd nagios -d /usr/local/nagios
passwd nagios (密码自定义)
6.2 安装nagios主程序(主节点安装)

tar -zxf nagios-4.0.2.tar.gz
cd nagios-4.0.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nagios
make all
make install && make install-init && make install-commandmode && make install-config
将nagios添加为服务

chkconfig --add nagios
chkconfig nagios off
chkconfig --level 35 nagios on
chkconfig --list nagios
nagios 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:关闭 3:启用 4:关闭 5:启用 6:关闭
6.3 安装nagios插件(全部节点安装)

tar -zxf nagios-plugins-1.5.tar.gz
cd nagios-plugins-1.5
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nagios --with-nagios-user=nagios --with-nagios-group=nagios
make && make install
如果出现mysql相关的编译错误,是mysql的默认安装路径被修改导致的,调整with-mysql后重新make

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nagios --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql
make && make install
6.4 安装NRPE(全部节点安装)

tar -zxf nrpe-2.15.tar.gz
cd nrpe-2.15
./configure --enable-command-args
make all
make install-plugin
下面步骤只需要在被监控节点执行

make install-daemon && make install-daemon-config && make install-xinetd
6.4.1 被监控节点配置

如果是被监控节点,需要配置NRPE已守护进程运行(通过xinetd来运行)

1、更改/etc/xinetd.d/nrpe文件，设置允许nagios主节点服务器连接

vi /etc/xinetd.d/nrpe
only_from = 127.0.0.1 192.168.56.10
2、在/etc/services结尾增加：

nrpe 5666/tcp # NRPE
3、增加对参数的支持

vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg
dont_blame_nrpe=1
4、启动xinetd

service xinetd restart
5、验证nrpe是否监听

netstat -at | grep nrpe
6、测试nrpe是否正常运行

/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe -H localhost
NRPE v2.15
6.4.2 主节点配置

如果是监控服务主节点，在全部被监控节点NRPE配置完成后，可以依次做下检测

/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe -H 192.168.56.11
NRPE v2.15
/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe -H 192.168.56.12
NRPE v2.15
6.5 安装Apache(主节点安装)

tar -zxf httpd-2.2.23.tar.gz
cd httpd-2.2.23
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2
make && make install
6.6 安装PHP(主节点安装)

cd /export/home/tools/soft/php
tar -zxf php-5.4.10.tar.gz
cd /php-5.4.10
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs
make && make install
6.7 使用apache 发布PHP的WEB

vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf

....
Listen 80
....
<IfModule dir_module>
DirectoryIndex index.html index.php
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
</IfModule>
....
#setting for nagios
ScriptAlias /nagios/cgi-bin "/usr/local/nagios/sbin"
<Directory "/usr/local/nagios/sbin">
AuthType Basic
Options ExecCGI
AllowOverride None
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
AuthName "Nagios Access"
AuthUserFile /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd
Require valid-user
</Directory>
Alias /nagios "/usr/local/nagios/share"
<Directory "/usr/local/nagios/share">
AuthType Basic
Options None
AllowOverride None
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
AuthName "nagios Access"
AuthUserFile /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd
Require valid-user
</Directory>
为web访问时添加用户名和密码(此处用户名为admin,可自定义)

/usr/local/apache2/bin/htpasswd -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd admin
启动apache

/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start
访问页面:

http://192.168.56.10/nagios/

7. 配置Nagios
7.1 配置远程被监控节点

7.1.1 修改配置文件

# su - nagios
$ vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg
修改为如下配置内容:

command[check_users]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_users -w $ARG1$ -c $ARG2$
command[check_load]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_load -w $ARG1$ -c $ARG2$
command[check_disk]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_disk -w $ARG1$ -c $ARG2$ -p $ARG3$
command[check_procs]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_procs -w $ARG1$ -c $ARG2$ -s $ARG3$
command[check_procs_args]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_procs $ARG1$
command[check_swap]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_swap -w $ARG1$ -c $ARG2$
以上监控命令功能:

check_users 监控登陆用户数

check_load 监控CPU负载

check_disk 监控磁盘的使用

check_procs 监控进程数量,状态包括 RSZDT

check_swap 监控SWAP分区使用

7.1.2 重启xinetd服务

配置完上述命令后,重启 xinetd服务

service xinetd restart
7.1.3 校验配置

检查监控命令配置是否ok

/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe -H localhost -c check_users -a 5 10
/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe -H localhost -c check_load -a 15,10,5 30,25,20
/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe -H localhost -c check_disk -a 20% 10% /
/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe -H localhost -c check_procs -a 200 400 RSZDT
/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe -H localhost -c check_swap -a 20% 10%
7.2 配置监控服务主节点

7.2.1 cgi.cfg(控制CGI访问的配置文件)

(使用 nagios 用户)

vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/cgi.cfg

修改如下内容,为admin用户增加权限:

default_user_name=admin
authorized_for_system_information=nagiosadmin,admin
authorized_for_configuration_information=nagiosadmin,admin
authorized_for_system_commands=nagiosadmin,admin
authorized_for_all_services=nagiosadmin,admin
authorized_for_all_hosts=nagiosadmin,admin
authorized_for_all_service_commands=nagiosadmin,admin
authorized_for_all_host_commands=nagiosadmin,admin
7.2.2 nagios.cfg(nagios主配置文件)

(使用 nagios 用户)

vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg

#cfg_file=/export/home/nagios/etc/objects/localhost.cfg (注释掉)
cfg_dir=/export/home/nagios/etc/servers
主配置文件声明了监控脚本的存储路径为 ./servers, 默认没有此目录,需要手工创建

nagios 会读取 servers 目录下面后缀为.cfg的全部文件作为配置文件

cd /usr/local/nagios/etc
mkdir servers
cd servers
7.2.3 定义监控的主机组

声明一个监控的主机组,将主机环境中提到的三台主机全部加入监控

vi /export/home/nagios/etc/servers/group.cfg

新文件,内容如下:

define hostgroup{
hostgroup_name duangr-server
alias duangr Server
members duangr-1,duangr-2,duangr-3
}
解释下上面的配置:

hostgroup_name: 主机组的名称,可随意指定

alias: 主机组别名,可随意指定

members: 主机组成员,多个主机名称之前使用逗号分隔.另外主机名称必须与 define host 中host_name 一致.

主机的定义,后面会说到.

7.2.4 定义监控的主机

下面开始定义具体的主机

7.2.4.1 本地主机监控配置

先定义本地主机 duangr-1

vi /export/home/nagios/etc/servers/duangr-1.cfg

新文件,内容如下:

define host{
use linux-server
host_name duangr-1
alias duangr-1
address 192.168.56.10
}

define service{
use local-service
host_name duangr-1
service_description Host Alive
check_command check-host-alive
}
define service{
use local-service
host_name duangr-1
service_description Users
check_command check_local_users!20!50
}
define service{
use local-service
host_name duangr-1
service_description CPU
check_command check_local_load!5.0,4.0,3.0!10.0,6.0,4.0
}
define service{
use local-service
host_name duangr-1
service_description Disk Root
check_command check_local_disk!20%!10%!/
}
define service{
use local-service
host_name duangr-1
service_description Disk Home
check_command check_local_disk!20%!10%!/export/home
}
define service{
use local-service
host_name duangr-1
service_description Zombie Procs
check_command check_local_procs!5!10!Z
}
define service{
use local-service
host_name duangr-1
service_description Total Procs
check_command check_local_procs!250!400!RSZDT
}
define service{
use local-service
host_name duangr-1
service_description Swap Usage
check_command check_local_swap!20!10
}
说明下,由于是此主机也是监控服务主节点所在主机,因此可以使用check_local_* 的相关命令来进行监控.

这个文件中已经将常用的监控项配置进去.

7.2.4.2 远程主机监控配置

再定义远程主机duangr-2和duangr-3

定义远程主机的监控之前,需要先定义check_nrpe命令

vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/commands.cfg

在文件的最后面添加如下内容:

# 'check_nrpe' command definition
define command{
command_name check_nrpe
command_line $USER1$/check_nrpe -H $HOSTADDRESS$ -t 30 -c $ARG1$
}
define command{
command_name check_nrpe_args
command_line $USER1$/check_nrpe -H $HOSTADDRESS$ -t 30 -c $ARG1$ -a $ARG2$
}
定义duangr-2主机的监控配置

$ vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/servers/duangr-2.cfg

新文件,内容如下:

define host{
use linux-server
host_name duangr-2
alias duangr-2
address 192.168.56.11
}

define service{
use local-service
host_name duangr-2
service_description Host Alive
check_command check-host-alive
}
define service{
use local-service
host_name duangr-2
service_description Users
check_command check_nrpe_args!check_users!5 10
}
define service{
use local-service
host_name duangr-2
service_description CPU
check_command check_nrpe_args!check_load!15,10,5 30,25,20
}
define service{
use local-service
host_name duangr-2
service_description Disk Root
check_command check_nrpe_args!check_disk!20% 10% /
}
define service{
use local-service
host_name duangr-2
service_description Disk /export/home
check_command check_nrpe_args!check_disk!20% 10% /export/home
}
define service{
use local-service
host_name duangr-2
service_description Procs Zombie
check_command check_nrpe_args!check_procs!5 10 Z
}
define service{
use local-service
host_name duangr-2
service_description Procs Total
check_command check_nrpe_args!check_procs_args!"-w400 -c600"
}
define service{
use local-service
host_name duangr-2
service_description Swap Usage
check_command check_nrpe_args!check_swap!20% 10%
}

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;; 下面是一些常用进程的监控,主要是云平台相关进程
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;; 监控crond进程
define service{
use local-service
host_name duangr-2
service_description PS: crond
check_command check_nrpe_args!check_procs_args!"-c1:1 -Ccrond"
}
;; 监控zookeeper进程
define service{
use local-service
host_name duangr-2
service_description PS: QuorumPeerMain
check_command check_nrpe_args!check_procs_args!"-c1:1 -Cjava -aserver.quorum.QuorumPeerMain"
}
;;监控storm的从节点进程
define service{
use local-service
host_name duangr-2
service_description PS: supervisor
check_command check_nrpe_args!check_procs_args!"-c1:1 -Cjava -adaemon.supervisor"
}
;; 监控storm的主节点进程
define service{
use local-service
host_name duangr-2
service_description PS: nimbus
check_command check_nrpe_args!check_procs_args!"-c1:1 -Cjava -adaemon.nimbus"
}
;; 监控MetaQ进程
define service{
use local-service
host_name duangr-2
service_description PS: MetaQ
check_command check_nrpe_args!check_procs_args!"-c1:1 -Cjava -ametamorphosis-server-w"
}
;; 监控Redis进程
define service{
use local-service
host_name duangr-2
service_description PS: redis-server
check_command check_nrpe_args!check_procs_args!"-c1:1 -Credis-server"
}
;; 监控hadoop主节点NameNode进程
define service{
use local-service
host_name duangr-2
service_description PS: NameNode
check_command check_nrpe_args!check_procs_args!"-c1:1 -Cjava -aserver.namenode.NameNode"
}
;; 监控hadoop主节点SecondaryNameNode进程
define service{
use local-service
host_name duangr-2
service_description PS: SecondaryNameNode
check_command check_nrpe_args!check_procs_args!"-c1:1 -Cjava -aserver.namenode.SecondaryNameNode"
}
;; 监控hadoop主节点ResourceManager进程
define service{
use local-service
host_name duangr-2
service_description PS: ResourceManager
check_command check_nrpe_args!check_procs_args!"-c1:1 -Cjava -aserver.resourcemanager.ResourceManager"
}
;; 监控hadoop从节点DataNode进程
define service{
use local-service
host_name duangr-2
service_description PS: DataNode
check_command check_nrpe_args!check_procs_args!"-c1:1 -Cjava -aserver.datanode.DataNode"
}
;;监控hadoop从节点NodeManager进程
define service{
use local-service
host_name duangr-2
service_description PS: NodeManager
check_command check_nrpe_args!check_procs_args!"-c1:1 -Cjava -aserver.nodemanager.NodeManager"
}
说明下,由于duangr-2是远程主机,因此使用check_nrpe_args命令来监控.

这个文件中已经将常用的监控项配置进去, 同时还包含了hadoop、storm、zookeeper、metaq、redis的相关进程监控，主要的监控思路是判断进程是否存在。

定义duangr-3主机的监控配置

vi duangr-3.cfg

内容与duangr-2.cfg类似,只需要修改 host_name 、alias、 address即可.

7.2.4.3 邮件监控

定义监控人邮件地址

vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/contacts.cfg

define contact{
contact_name nagiosadmin ; Short name of user
use generic-contact ; Inherit default values from generic-contact template (defined above)
alias Nagios Admin ; Full name of user
email yourname@domain.com
; <<***** CHANGE THIS TO YOUR EMAIL ADDRESS ******
}
除了配置监控邮件的接收人外,还要确保:

本主机与邮件服务器互通

本主机SendMail可以使用外部SMTP服务发送邮件

7.2.4.4 校验配置

/usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -v /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg
7.2.4.5 启动

/usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -d /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg
nagios已经是一个服务,也可以执行如下操作:

service nagios start/stop/restart/status
8. 监控页面
http://192.168.56.10/nagios

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