Spring MVC事务配置

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Spring MVC事务配置

要了解事务配置的所有方法，请看一下《Spring事务配置的5种方法》

本文介绍两种配置方法：

一、 XML，使用tx标签配置拦截器实现事务

一、 Annotation方式

以下所使用环境为Spring4.0.3、Hibernate4.3.5

一、 XML，使用tx标签配置拦截器实现事务

Entity类User.java，持久化类，对应数据库表user

package com.lei.demo.entity;import javax.persistence.*;@Entity(name="users")public class Users {        public Users(){        super();    }        @Id    @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.AUTO)    @Column(name="id")    private Integer id;        @Column(name="user_name",length=32)    private String user_name;        @Column(name="age")    private Integer age;        @Column(name="nice_name",length=32)    private String nice_name;        //属性实现......}

UserDAO.javar，表user的一些操作，其中属性sessionFactory应该由Spring注入，如下：

package com.lei.demo.dao;import java.util.List;import javax.annotation.Resource;import org.hibernate.Query;import org.hibernate.Session;import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;import com.lei.demo.entity.Users;public class UsersDAO {    private SessionFactory sessionFactory;    public void setSessionFactory(SessionFactory sessionFactory) {        this.sessionFactory = sessionFactory;    }    public SessionFactory getSessionFactory() {        return sessionFactory;    }    public List<Users> getAllUser(){        String hsql="from users";        Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();        Query query = session.createQuery(hsql);                return query.list();    }}

UserService.java，业务实现类，如下

package com.lei.demo.service;import javax.annotation.Resource;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Isolation;import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;import com.lei.demo.dao.*;public class UserService {    private UsersDAO userDao;        public int userCount(){        return userDao.getAllUser().size();    }    public UsersDAO getUserDao() {        return userDao;    }    public void setUserDao(UsersDAO userDao) {        this.userDao = userDao;    }}

首先看一下xml配置，spring-hibernate.xml如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"    xsi:schemaLocation="        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans             http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd        ">    <!-- Hibernate4 -->    <!-- 加载资源文件  其中包含变量信息，必须在Spring配置文件的最前面加载，即第一个加载-->    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:persistence-mysql.properties" />        <bean id="sessionFactory"         class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean">        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />        <property name="packagesToScan">            <list>                <!-- 可以加多个包 -->                <value>com.lei.demo.entity</value>            </list>        </property>        <property name="hibernateProperties">            <props>                <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">${hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto}</prop>                <prop key="hibernate.dialect">${hibernate.dialect}</prop>                <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">${hibernate.show_sql}</prop>                <!--  <prop key="hibernate.current_session_context_class">thread</prop> -->             </props>        </property>    </bean>        <!-- 数据库映射 -->    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">      <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}" />      <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" />      <property name="username" value="${jdbc.user}" />      <property name="password" value="${jdbc.pass}" />   </bean>       <!-- 配置Hibernate事务管理器 -->    <bean id="transactionManager"        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager">      <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />   </bean>      <!-- 配置事务异常封装 -->   <bean id="persistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor"        class="org.springframework.dao.annotation.PersistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor" />      <!--  声明式容器事务管理 ,transaction-manager指定事务管理器为transactionManager -->    <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">        <tx:attributes>            <tx:method name="add*" propagation="REQUIRED" />            <tx:method name="get*" propagation="REQUIRED" />            <tx:method name="*" read-only="true" />        </tx:attributes>    </tx:advice>        <aop:config expose-proxy="true">        <!-- 只对业务逻辑层实施事务 -->        <aop:pointcut id="txPointcut" expression="execution(* com.lei.demo.service..*.*(..))" />        <!-- Advisor定义，切入点和通知分别为txPointcut、txAdvice -->        <aop:advisor pointcut-ref="txPointcut" advice-ref="txAdvice"/>    </aop:config>    </beans>

其中主要配置中是tx:advice和aop:config两个配置节，以Spring AOP的方式实现事务管理。

tx:advice配置了事务的管理者是transactionManager，同时tx:method也规定了如果方法名匹配“add*”和“get*”方法时使用事务，propagation是设定事务的传播级别。除了“add*”和“get*”方法，其他的方法的事务是只读的（典型地，对于只执行查询的事务你会将该属性设为true，如果出现了更新、插入或是删除语句时只读事务就会失败）

aop:config指定了一个aop:pointcut去引用上边的advice。

这样就通过AOP的拦截机制实现了事务，当然你还要用Spring的方式自己配置UserDAO和UserService。

二、 Annotation方式

第一步，首先看一下web.xml，如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"     xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"     xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"     xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee         http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"         id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>  <context-param>    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>    <param-value>classpath:/spring-*.xml</param-value>  </context-param>  <listener>    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>  </listener>  <servlet>    <servlet-name>lei-dispatcher</servlet-name>    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>    <init-param>      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>      <param-value>classpath:/lei-dispatcher-servlet.xml</param-value>    </init-param>    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>  </servlet>  <servlet-mapping>    <servlet-name>lei-dispatcher</servlet-name>    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>  </servlet-mapping></web-app>

第二步，spring-hibernate配置，见以下spring-hibernate.xml配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"    xsi:schemaLocation="        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans             http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd        ">    <!-- Hibernate4 -->    <!-- 加载资源文件  其中包含变量信息，必须在Spring配置文件的最前面加载，即第一个加载-->    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:persistence-mysql.properties" />        <bean id="sessionFactory"         class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean">        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />        <property name="packagesToScan">            <list>                <!-- 可以加多个包 -->                <value>com.lei.demo.entity</value>            </list>        </property>        <property name="hibernateProperties">            <props>                <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">${hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto}</prop>                <prop key="hibernate.dialect">${hibernate.dialect}</prop>                <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">${hibernate.show_sql}</prop>                <!--  <prop key="hibernate.current_session_context_class">thread</prop> -->             </props>        </property>    </bean>        <!-- 数据库映射 -->    <!--  class="org.apache.tomcat.dbcp.dbcp.BasicDataSource" -->    <!--  class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource" -->    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">      <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}" />      <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" />      <property name="username" value="${jdbc.user}" />      <property name="password" value="${jdbc.pass}" />   </bean>       <!-- 配置Hibernate事务管理器 -->    <bean id="transactionManager"        class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager">      <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />   </bean>      <!-- 配置事务异常封装 -->   <bean id="persistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor"        class="org.springframework.dao.annotation.PersistenceExceptionTranslationPostProcessor" /></beans>

第一节中xml配置事务中需要通过配置tx:advice和aop:config来增加事务的功能。此处采用全注释方法，这两个配置节就不需要了。

相应的需要在视图解析配置中启用注释，如下lei-dispatcher-servlet.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"    xsi:schemaLocation="        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans             http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd        ">            <!-- 启动自动扫描 该包下所有的Bean(@Controller) -->    <context:component-scan base-package="com.lei.demo" />        <!-- 基于注释的事务，当注释中发现@Transactional时，使用id为“transactionManager”的事务管理器  -->    <!-- 如果没有设置transaction-manager的值，则spring以缺省默认的事务管理器来处理事务，默认事务管理器为第一个加载的事务管理器 -->    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>        <!-- 定义视图解析器 -->    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">        <property name="prefix">            <value>/WEB-INF/user/</value>        </property>        <property name="suffix">            <value>.jsp</value>        </property>    </bean>    </beans>

UserDAO如下

package com.lei.demo.dao;import java.util.List;import javax.annotation.Resource;import org.hibernate.Query;import org.hibernate.Session;import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;import com.lei.demo.entity.Users;@Repositorypublic class UsersDAO {    @Resource(name="sessionFactory")    private SessionFactory sessionFactory;    public void setSessionFactory(SessionFactory sessionFactory) {        this.sessionFactory = sessionFactory;    }    public SessionFactory getSessionFactory() {        return sessionFactory;    }    public List<Users> getAllUser(){        String hsql="from users";        Session session = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession();        Query query = session.createQuery(hsql);                return query.list();    }}

UserService.java如下

package com.lei.demo.service;import javax.annotation.Resource;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Isolation;import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;import com.lei.demo.dao.*;@Service("userService")public class UserService {    @Resource    private UsersDAO userDao;        @Transactional    public int userCount(){        return userDao.getAllUser().size();    }    public UsersDAO getUserDao() {        return userDao;    }    public void setUserDao(UsersDAO userDao) {        this.userDao = userDao;    }}

这里，方法名userCount上加入@Transactional，说明这个方法要启用事务。如果类名UserService上加入@Transactional，则表明这个类中的所有方法都会启用事务。

如果配有多个transactionManager，例如配置有transactionManager1,和transactionManager2，则可以通过@Transactional(“transactionManager1”)，的方式指定使用哪个数据源的事务。

源代码下载：

http://www.oschina.net/code/snippet_1764868_35775

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