antlr提取代码注释

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1. 来由

为什么要写提取注释呢,起因是工作需要。弄这么个不太重要的功能点来讲,旨在抛砖引玉。

一般而言,大家使用antlr解析源代码的时候,不会关心注释和空格之类内容,默认会过滤掉,不会放到语法树里,讲了,真把空格这类东西保留在语法树里,会带来很多问题。要保留注释的话,也不会放进语法树里,而是会导流到不同的channel里。channel可以理解为不同的管道,源文件解析后的token会通过默认管道,而注释等其它一些元素,可以导流到自定义管道。这样既不会给解析带来额外负担,也不会丢弃任何内容。

2. 抽取注释

闲话少说,怎么提取代码里的注释呢,在 12.1 Broadcasting Tokens on Different Channels这一节专门有讲。

2.1 语法定义-导流

首先在语法文件里进行不同channel的导流定义:

先看默认的,直接扔掉了:

WS  : [\t\n\r]+ ->  skipSL_COMMENT    : '//' .*? '\n' -> skip    ;

重新定义-导流:

@lexer::members{    public static final int WHITESPACE = 1;    public static final int COMMENTS = 2;}WS  : [ \t\n\r]+ -> channel(WHITESPACE); //channel(1)SL_COMMENT    : '//' .*? '\n' -> channel(COMMENTS) //channel(2)    ;

效果如下图所示,默认的是channel 0,其它用户自定义的都是hidden channel
HIDDEN CHANNEL

2.2 按规则(位置)提取

下面是12.1节里的示例,为什么说按位置提取呢,因为它是按照某个具体的规则定义来抽取注释的。示例代码是要将变量定义右侧的注释,挪动到代码行的上面。

注释挪动

具体实现:

/*** * Excerpted from "The Definitive ANTLR 4 Reference", * published by The Pragmatic Bookshelf. * Copyrights apply to this code. It may not be used to create training material,  * courses, books, articles, and the like. Contact us if you are in doubt. * We make no guarantees that this code is fit for any purpose.  * Visit http://www.pragmaticprogrammer.com/titles/tpantlr2 for more book information.***/import org.antlr.v4.runtime.*;import org.antlr.v4.runtime.tree.ParseTreeWalker;import java.io.FileInputStream;import java.io.InputStream;import java.util.List;public class ShiftVarComments {    public static class CommentShifter extends CymbolBaseListener {        BufferedTokenStream tokens;        TokenStreamRewriter rewriter;        /** Create TokenStreamRewriter attached to token stream         *  sitting between the Cymbol lexer and parser.         */        public CommentShifter(BufferedTokenStream tokens) {            this.tokens = tokens;            rewriter = new TokenStreamRewriter(tokens);        }        @Override        public void exitVarDecl(CymbolParser.VarDeclContext ctx) {            Token semi = ctx.getStop();             int i = semi.getTokenIndex();            List<Token> cmtChannel =                tokens.getHiddenTokensToRight(i, CymbolLexer.COMMENTS);             if ( cmtChannel!=null ) {                Token cmt = cmtChannel.get(0);                 if ( cmt!=null ) {                    String txt = cmt.getText().substring(2);                    String newCmt = "/* " + txt.trim() + " */\n";                    rewriter.insertBefore(ctx.start, newCmt);                     rewriter.replace(cmt, "\n");                              }            }        }    }    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {        String inputFile = null;        if ( args.length>0 ) inputFile = args[0];        InputStream is = System.in;        if ( inputFile!=null ) {            is = new FileInputStream(inputFile);        }        ANTLRInputStream input = new ANTLRInputStream(is);        CymbolLexer lexer = new CymbolLexer(input);        CommonTokenStream tokens = new CommonTokenStream(lexer);        CymbolParser parser = new CymbolParser(tokens);        RuleContext tree = parser.file();        ParseTreeWalker walker = new ParseTreeWalker();        CommentShifter shifter = new CommentShifter(tokens);        walker.walk(shifter, tree);        System.out.print(shifter.rewriter.getText());    }}

从上述代码可以看到,CommentShifter继承listener模式,重载了exitVarDecl方法。在遍历parse tree的时候,会自动调用exitVarDecl,完成了注释顺序改写功能。exitVarDecl对应了语法文件里面的变量定义规则,每当有变量定义的时候,就会调用该方法。

2.3 按channel提取所有注释

上面的注释提取方法有个问题,就是只能提取相应规则的注释。函数有注释,类有注释,参数可能有注释,等等,还有很多别的地方,如果都提取的话,则要费一番周折,弄上一堆函数定义。

如果不关心注释所在的具体规则,只提取注释的话,可以遍历token,通过判断token所在的channel来实现。语法文件里将注释导流到channel(2),那么凡是channel值为2的token则为注释,这就好办了。

    private static void printComments(String code){        CPP14Lexer lexer = new CPP14Lexer(new ANTLRInputStream(code));        CommonTokenStream tokens = new CommonTokenStream(lexer);        List<Token> lt = tokens.getTokens();        for(Token t:lt){            // if t is on channel 2 which is comments channel(configured in grammar file)            // simply pass t, otherwise for two adjacent comments line the first comment line will            // appear twice            if(t.getChannel() == 2) continue;            // getHiddenTokensToLeft will suffice to get all comments            // no need to call getHiddenTokensToRight            int tokenIndex = t.getTokenIndex();            List<Token> comments = tokens.getHiddenTokensToLeft(tokenIndex);            if(comments != null && comments.size() > 0){                for(Token c:comments){                    System.out.println("    " + c.getText());                }            }        }    }
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