ThreadPool用法和示例

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1、ThreadPool的优点

　　在Java.util.concurrent包下，提供了一系列与线程池相关的类。合理的使用线程池，可以带来多个好处：
　　
（1）降低资源消耗。通过重复利用已创建的线程降低线程创建和销毁造成的消耗；
（2）提高响应速度。当任务到达时，任务可以不需要等到线程创建就能立即执行；
（3）提高线程的可管理性。线程是稀缺资源，如果无限制的创建，不仅会消耗系统资源，还会降低系统的稳定性，使用线程池可以进行统一的分配，调优和监控。

　　线程池可以应对突然大爆发量的访问，通过有限个固定线程为大量的操作服务，减少创建和销毁线程所需的时间。

1、ThreadPool的创建

　　我们一般通过Executors类下的四个成员函数创建相应的线程池：

<code class="hljs cs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//创建一个定时任务的线程池</span>ScheduledExecutorService scheduledThreadPool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">4</span>);<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//创建单线程的线程池</span>ExecutorService singleThreadPool = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//创建缓存线程池（重用先前的线程）</span>ExecutorService cachedThreadPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//创建一个带有固定线程的线程池</span>ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">4</span>);</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li></ul>

我们可以从源码看出，上面四个方法会调用ThreadPoolExecutor的构造方法创建线程池。

<code class="hljs cs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> ExecutorService <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">newFixedThreadPool</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> nThreads) {        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads,<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>());    }</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li></ul>

创建一个ThreadPoolExecutor线程池一般需要以下几个参数：

corePoolSize（线程池的基本大小）：
　　当提交一个任务到线程池时，线程池会创建一个线程来执行任务，即使其他空闲的基本线程能够执行新任务也会创建线程，等到需要执行的任务数大于线程池基本大小时就不再创建。如果调用了线程池的prestartAllCoreThreads方法，线程池会提前创建并启动所有基本线程。
maximumPoolSize（线程池最大大小）：
　　线程池允许创建的最大线程数。如果队列满了，并且已创建的线程数小于最大线程数，则线程池会再创建新的线程执行任务。值得注意的是如果使用了无界的任务队列这个参数就没什么效果。
keepAliveTime（线程活动保持时间）：　
　　
　　线程池的工作线程空闲后，保持存活的时间。所以如果任务很多，并且每个任务执行的时间比较短，可以调大这个时间，提高线程的利用率。
TimeUnit（线程活动保持时间的单位）：
　　可选的单位有天（DAYS），小时（HOURS），分钟（MINUTES），毫秒(MILLISECONDS)等。
　　
workQueue（任务队列）：　
　　用于保存等待执行的任务的阻塞队列。可以选择以下几个阻塞队列：ArrayBlockingQueue、LinkedBlockingQueue、SynchronousQueue、PriorityBlockingQueue　
　　
threadFactory：　
　　
　　用于设置创建线程的工厂，可以通过线程工厂给每个创建出来的线程设置更有意义的名字。　
　　
handler（饱和策略）：　
　　
　　当队列和线程池都满了，说明线程池处于饱和状态，那么必须采取一种策略处理提交的新任务。这个策略默认情况下是AbortPolicy，表示无法处理新任务时抛出异常。
　　我们尽量优先使用Executors提供的静态方法来创建线程池，如果Executors提供的方法无法满足要求，再自己通过ThreadPoolExecutor类来创建线程池。

２、向线程池提交任务

有两种方式：

①　我们可以使用execute提交的任务，但是execute方法没有返回值，所以无法判断任务是否被线程池执行成功。通过以下代码可知execute方法输入的任务是一个Runnable类的实例。

<code class="hljs java has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">threadsPool.execute(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> Runnable() {            <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span>            <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">run</span>() {                <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// TODO Auto-generated method stub</span>            }        });</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li></ul>

②　使用submit 方法来提交任务，它会返回一个future,那么我们可以通过这个future来判断任务是否执行成功，通过future的get方法来获取返回值，get方法会阻塞住直到任务完成，而使用get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)方法则会阻塞一段时间后立即返回，这时有可能任务没有执行完。

<code class="hljs javascript has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">Future<<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">Object</span>> future = executor.submit(harReturnValuetask);<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">try</span> {     <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">Object</span> s = future.get();} <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">catch</span> (InterruptedException e) {    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 处理中断异常</span>} <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">catch</span> (ExecutionException e) {    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 处理无法执行任务异常</span>} <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">finally</span> {    <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 关闭线程池</span>    executor.shutdown();}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li></ul>

３、线程池的关闭

　　我们可以通过调用线程池（ExecutorService的对象）的shutdown或shutdownNow方法来关闭线程池，它们的原理是遍历线程池中的工作线程，然后逐个调用线程的interrupt方法来中断线程，所以无法响应中断的任务可能永远无法终止。但是它们存在一定的区别，shutdownNow首先将线程池的状态设置成STOP，然后尝试停止所有的正在执行或暂停任务的线程，并返回等待执行任务的列表，而shutdown只是将线程池的状态设置成SHUTDOWN状态，然后中断所有没有正在执行任务的线程。

　　只要调用了这两个关闭方法的其中一个，isShutdown方法就会返回true。当所有的任务都已关闭后,才表示线程池关闭成功，这时调用isTerminaed方法会返回true。至于我们应该调用哪一种方法来关闭线程池，应该由提交到线程池的任务特性决定，通常调用shutdown来关闭线程池，如果任务不一定要执行完，则可以调用shutdownNow。

４、线程池的工作流程

　　这里写图片描述　

从上图我们可以看出，当提交一个新任务到线程池时，线程池的处理流程如下：　

1、首先线程池判断基本线程池是否已满（ corePoolSize ）没满，创建一个工作线程来执行任务。满了，则进入下个流程。　

2、其次线程池判断工作队列是否已满？没满，则将新提交的任务存储在工作队列里。满了，则进入下个流程。　

3、最后线程池判断整个线程池是否已满（< maximumPoolSize ？）？没满，则创建一个新的工作线程来执行任务，满了，则交给饱和策略来处理这个任务。

也就是说，线程池优先要创建出基本线程池大小（corePoolSize）的线程数量，没有达到这个数量时，每次提交新任务都会直接创建一个新线程，当达到了基本线程数量后，又有新任务到达，优先放入等待队列，如果队列满了，才去创建新的线程（不能超过线程池的最大数maxmumPoolSize）。

　　线程池创建线程时，会将线程封装成工作线程Worker，Worker在执行完任务后，还会无限循环获取工作队列里的任务来执行。我们可以从Worker的run方法里看到这点：

<code class="hljs cs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">run</span>() {     <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">try</span> {           Runnable task = firstTask;           firstTask = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>;            <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">while</span> (task != <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span> || (task = getTask()) != <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>) {                    runTask(task);                    task = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>;            }      } <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">finally</span> {             workerDone(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>);      }} </code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li></ul>

５、线程池的监控

　　通过继承线程池并重写线程池的beforeExecute，afterExecute和terminated方法，我们可以在任务执行前，执行后和线程池关闭前干一些事情。如监控任务的平均执行时间，最大执行时间和最小执行时间等。这几个方法在线程池里是空方法。

６、线程池的例子

示例一：

<code class="hljs java has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">DifferentKindsThreadPool</span> {</span>    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">main</span>(String[] args) {<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//      displayScheduledThreadPool();</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//      displaySingleThreadPool();</span><span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//      displayCachedThreadPool();</span>        displayThreadPool();    }    <span class="hljs-javadoc" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/**     * 创建一个定时任务的线程池     */</span>    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">displayScheduledThreadPool</span>() {        ScheduledExecutorService scheduledThreadPool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">4</span>);        <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//它可以向固定线程池一样执行任务</span>        distributeTaskForThreadPool(scheduledThreadPool);        <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//这是它的特殊之处，可以定时任务</span>        scheduledThreadPool.schedule(                <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> Runnable() {                    <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span>                    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">run</span>() {                        System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"开始执行任务1"</span>);                    }                },                 <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">5</span>,                 TimeUnit.SECONDS);        <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//每隔2秒再次重新执行任务</span>        scheduledThreadPool.scheduleAtFixedRate(                <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> Runnable() {                    <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span>                    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">run</span>() {                        System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"开始执行任务2"</span>);                    }                },                 <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">5</span>,                 <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">3</span>,                 TimeUnit.SECONDS);    }    <span class="hljs-javadoc" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/**     * 创建只有一个线程的线程池，如果线程终止，     * 他将会创建一个新的线程加入到池子中，这     * 个线程池会保证池子中始终有一个线程     */</span>    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">displaySingleThreadPool</span>() {        ExecutorService singleThreadPool = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();        distributeTaskForThreadPool(singleThreadPool);    }    <span class="hljs-javadoc" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/**     * 创建一个可根据需要创建线程的线程池，但是     * 当先前创建的线程可得到时就会重用先前的线     * 程，如果不存在可得到的线程，一个新的线程     * 将被创建并被加入到池子中。60秒没有被用到     * 的线程将被终止并从缓存中移除     */</span>    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">displayCachedThreadPool</span>() {        ExecutorService cachedThreadPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();        distributeTaskForThreadPool(cachedThreadPool);    }    <span class="hljs-javadoc" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/**     * 创建一个带有固定线程的线程池     */</span>    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">displayThreadPool</span>() {        <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 创建一个带有4个固定线程的线程池</span>        ExecutorService threadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">4</span>);        distributeTaskForThreadPool(threadPool);    }    <span class="hljs-javadoc" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">/**     * 为线程池分配8个任务，使其驱动     *<span class="hljs-javadoctag" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"> @param</span> threadPool     */</span>    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">distributeTaskForThreadPool</span>(ExecutorService threadPool) {        <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 让线程池驱动8个任务</span>        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">for</span> (<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> i = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>; i <= <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">8</span>; i++) {            <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 由于内部类里面不能放一个非final的变量，所以我把i的值赋予task</span>            <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">final</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> task = i;            threadPool.execute(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> Runnable() {                <span class="hljs-annotation" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">@Override</span>                <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">run</span>() {                    System.out.println(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"我是"</span> + Thread.currentThread().getName()                            + <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"，"</span> + <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"拿到了第"</span> + task + <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"个任务，我开始执行了"</span>);                }            });        }    }}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; 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padding: 0px 5px;">89</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">90</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">91</li></ul>

示例二：

<code class="hljs cs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> BankCount {    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> synchronized <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">addMoney</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> money){<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//存钱</span>        System.<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">out</span>.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">">存入："</span> + money);    }    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> synchronized <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">getMoney</span>(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> money){<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//取钱</span>        System.<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">out</span>.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">">取钱："</span> + money);    }}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li></ul>

<code class="hljs cs has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> BankTest {    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">main</span>(String[] args) {        final BankCount bankCount = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> BankCount();        ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">10</span>);        executor.execute(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> Runnable() {<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//存钱线程</span>            @Override            <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">run</span>() {                <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> i = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">5</span>;                <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">while</span>(i-- > <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>){                    bankCount.addMoney(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">200</span>);                    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">try</span> {                        Thread.sleep(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">500</span>);                    } <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">catch</span> (InterruptedException e) {                        e.printStackTrace();                    }                }            }        });        Future<?> future = executor.submit(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> Runnable() {<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//取钱线程</span>            @Override            <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">void</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">run</span>() {                <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> i = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">5</span>;                <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">while</span>(i-- > <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>){                    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">try</span> {                        Thread.sleep(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">500</span>);                    } <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">catch</span> (InterruptedException e) {                        e.printStackTrace();                    }                    bankCount.getMoney(<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">200</span>);                }            }        });        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">try</span> {            Object res = future.<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">get</span>();            System.<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">out</span>.println(res);        } <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">catch</span> (InterruptedException e) {            <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 处理中断异常</span>            e.printStackTrace();        } <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">catch</span> (ExecutionException e) {            <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 处理无法执行任务异常</span>            e.printStackTrace();        }<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">finally</span>{            <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">// 关闭线程池</span>            executor.shutdown();        }    }}</code>

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