【C】12864点阵液晶显示

来源：互联网发布：电脑上的编程软件编辑：程序博客网时间：2024/05/16 06:29

1系统12864点阵型液晶显示屏的基本原理

12864点阵图形液晶显示器应用，一种通过C51编程实现对LCD12864液晶屏的控制，液晶显示器（LCD）具有低工作电压、微功耗、显示灵活、成本低等特点。

数字电路中数据以0和1保存，对LCD控制器进行不同的数据操作，可以得到不同的结果。对于显示英文操作，由于英文字母种类少只需要8位（一字节）即可。而对于中文，常用却有6000以上，于是我们的DOS前辈想了一个办法，就是将ASCII表的高128个很少用到的数值以两个为一组来表示汉字，即汉字的内码。而剩下的低128位则留给英文字符使用，即英文的内码。

得到了汉字的内码后，利用文字的字模，即用数字的各位信息来记载英文或汉字的形状，如英文的'A'在字模的记载方式如图1所示：

而中文的“你”在字模中的记载却如图2所示：

2. 汉字图形点阵液晶显示模块（QC12864B）主要技术参数和显示特性：
①　QC12864B汉字图形点阵液晶显示模块，可显示汉字及图形
②　内置 8192个中文汉字（16X16点阵）、128个字符（8X16点阵）及 64X256点阵显示 RAM（GDRAM）
③　电源：VDD 3.3V~+5V(内置升压电路，无需负压)；显示内容：128列× 64 行
④　显示颜色：黄绿屏，蓝屏
⑤　显示角度：6：00钟直视
⑥　LCD类型：STN
⑦　与 MCU接口：8位并口或串行配置 LED背光
⑧　多种软件功能：光标显示、画面移位、自定义字符、睡眠模式等

3.QC12864B读写操作时序：

模块有并行和串行两种连接方法（时序如下）：

一、8 位并行连接时序图

MPU 写资料到模块如图4所示：

图4 MPU写资料到模块图

①MPU 从模块读出资料如图5所示：

图5 MPU从模块读出资料图

二、串行连接时序图

串行数据传送共分三个字节完成：

第一字节：串口控制—格式11111ABC

①　A 为数据传送方向控制：H 表示数据从 LCD 到 MCU，L 表示数据从 MCU 到 LCD

②　B 为数据类型选择：H 表示数据是显示数据，L 表示数据是控制指令

③　C 固定为 0

第二字节： (并行)8 位数据的高 4 位—格式 DDDD0000

第三字节： (并行)8 位数据的低 4 位—格式 0000DDDD 串行接口时序参数：(测试条件：T=25℃ VDD=5.0V)

4.QC12864B点阵型LCD引脚功能说明：

表1 12864LCD的引脚说明

管脚号

管脚名称

LEVER

管脚功能描述

VSS

电源地

VDD

+5.0V

电源电压

液晶显示器驱动电压

D/I(RS)

H/L

D/I=“H”，表示DB7∽DB0为显示数据

D/I=“L”，表示DB7∽DB0为显示指令数据

R/W

H/L

R/W=“H”，E=“H”数据被读到DB7∽DB0

R/W=“L”，E=“H→L”数据被写到IR或DR

H/L

R/W=“L”，E信号下降沿锁存DB7∽DB0

R/W=“H”，E=“H”DDRAM数据读到DB7∽DB0

DB0-DB7

H/L

数据线

CS1

H/L

H:选择芯片(左半屏)信号

CS2

H/L

H:选择芯片(右半屏)信号

RET

H/L

复位信号,低电平复位

VOUT

-10V

LCD驱动负电压

LED+

LED背光板电源

LED-

LED背光板电源

说明：12864点阵型液晶 C语言程序（可根据自己意愿设定指定点）

/**********************电子系统设计C51编程*************************  平台：BST-V51 + Keil U4 + STC89S52*  名称：本程序驱动12864显示一幅图片（包含英文字符、汉字、图形）*  日期：很久很久以前*  晶振：11.0592MHZ*  说明：电子小玩*  编写：Sure******************************************************************/#include <reg51.h>#include <intrins.h>#define uchar unsigned char#define uint  unsigned int/*12864端口定义*/#define LCD_data  P0             //数据口sbit LCD_RS  =  P1^0;            //寄存器选择输入 sbit LCD_RW  =  P1^1;            //液晶读/写控制sbit LCD_EN  =  P2^5;            //液晶使能控制sbit LCD_PSB =  P1^2;            //串/并方式控制unsigned char code zhu[]=//图片代码

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0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xE7,0x87,0x3D,0xC7,0x7D,0xB0,0x89,0x00,0x00,0x03,0xFF,0xE0,0xF8,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xE7,0x87,0x01,0x87,0x7C,0x30,0x08,0x1F,0x00,0x03,0xFD,0xFF,0xF8,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xF7,0x87,0xC1,0x07,0x60,0xF0,0x10,0x3F,0xFF,0xDB,0xFF,0xFF,0xF0,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x07,0x63,0xF4,0x30,0x3F,0xFF,0xDF,0xFF,0xFF,0xF0, 0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xE0,0x00,0x04,0x70,0x3F,0xFF,0xD7,0xFE,0xFF,0xE0,   0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xF0,0x00,0x01,0xF0,0x3F,0xFF,0xD7,0xFE,0xFF,0xE0,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0x40,0x1F,0xF0,0x00,0x3F,0xE7,0xFE,0x00,0x00,    0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xF1,0x00,0x00,0xE7,0xFE,0x00,0x00,     0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xE0,0x00,0x07,0xFE,0x00,0x00,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xFF,0xC0,0x07,0xFE,0x00,0x00};

#define delayNOP(); {_nop_();_nop_();_nop_();_nop_();};void delay0(uchar x);  //x*0.14MSvoid  dataconv();void lcd_pos(uchar X,uchar Y);  //确定显示位置void delay(int ms){   while(ms--){      uchar i;  for(i=0;i<250;i++)     { _nop_();_nop_();_nop_();_nop_();  }   }}/*******************************************************************//*                                                                 *//*检查LCD忙状态                                                   *//*lcd_busy为1时，忙，等待。lcd-busy为0时,闲，可写指令与数据。      *//*                                                                 *//*******************************************************************/bit lcd_busy() {  bit result;    LCD_RS = 0;    LCD_RW = 1;    LCD_EN = 1;    delayNOP();    result = (bit)(P0&0x80);    LCD_EN = 0;    return(result);                     }/*******************************************************************//*写指令数据到LCD                                                 *//*RS=L，RW=L，E=高脉冲，D0-D7=指令码。                          *//*******************************************************************/void lcd_wcmd(uchar cmd){                             while(lcd_busy());    LCD_RS = 0;    LCD_RW = 0;    LCD_EN = 0;    _nop_();    _nop_();     P0 = cmd;    delayNOP();    LCD_EN = 1;    delayNOP();    LCD_EN = 0;  }/*******************************************************************//*                                                                 *//*写显示数据到LCD                                                *//*RS=H，RW=L，E=高脉冲，D0-D7=数据。                           *//*                                                                 *//*******************************************************************/void lcd_wdat(uchar dat){                             while(lcd_busy());    LCD_RS = 1;    LCD_RW = 0;    LCD_EN = 0;    P0 = dat;    delayNOP();    LCD_EN = 1;    delayNOP();    LCD_EN = 0; }/*******************************************************************//*                                                                 *//*  LCD初始化设定                                                *//*                                                                 *//*******************************************************************/void lcd_init(){    LCD_PSB = 1;         //并口方式    lcd_wcmd(0x34);      //扩充指令操作    delay(5);    lcd_wcmd(0x30);      //基本指令操作    delay(5);    lcd_wcmd(0x0C);      //显示开，关光标    delay(5);    lcd_wcmd(0x01);      //清除LCD的显示内容    delay(5);}/*******************************************函数名称:Draw_PM功    能:在整个液晶屏幕上画图参    数:无返回值  :无********************************************/void Draw_PM(const uchar *ptr){    uchar i,j,k;lcd_wcmd(0x34);        //打开扩展指令集i = 0x80;            for(j = 0;j < 32;j++){        lcd_wcmd(i++);        lcd_wcmd(0x80);  for(k = 0;k < 16;k++)  {  lcd_wdat(*ptr++);}}i = 0x80; for(j = 0;j < 32;j++){   lcd_wcmd(i++);        lcd_wcmd(0x88);     for(k = 0;k < 16;k++)  {  lcd_wdat(*ptr++);} }      lcd_wcmd(0x36);        //打开绘图显示lcd_wcmd(0x30);        //回到基本指令集}main() {     lcd_init();         //初始化LCD       Draw_PM(zhu);    //显示设定的图片 while(1); }

实物图

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