哈弗曼编码

哈弗曼编码

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问题描述：给定字符集C和每个字符的频率，求关于C的一个最优前缀码。

算法分析：构造最优前缀码的贪心算法就是哈夫曼算法（Huffman）

二元前缀编码存储：二叉树结构，每个字符作为树叶，对应这个字符的前缀码看作根到这片树叶的一条路径，每个结点通向左二子的边记作0，通向右儿子的边记作1.

#include <iostream>#include <string>#include <vector>#include<algorithm>using namespace std;class Huffman{public:char elementChar;//节点元素int weight;//权重char s;//哈夫曼编码Huffman* parent;//父节点Huffman* leftChild;//左孩子Huffman* rightChild;//右孩子public:Huffman();Huffman(char a, int weight);bool operator < (const Huffman &m)const { return weight < m.weight;}};Huffman::Huffman(){this->s = ' ';this->elementChar = '*';//非叶子节点this->parent = this->leftChild = this->rightChild = NULL;}Huffman::Huffman(char a, int weight):elementChar(a),weight(weight){this->s = ' ';this->elementChar = '*';//非叶子节点this->parent = this->leftChild = this->rightChild = NULL;}//递归输出哈夫曼值void huffmanCode(Huffman & h){if(h.leftChild == NULL && h.rightChild == NULL){//如果是叶子节点，输出器哈夫曼编码string s;Huffman temp = h;while(temp.parent != NULL){s = temp.s + s;temp = *temp.parent;}cout << h.elementChar << "的哈夫曼编码是：" << s << endl;return;}//左孩子huffmanCode(*h.leftChild);//右孩子 huffmanCode(*h.rightChild);}int main(){string huffmanStr;cout << "请输入一串字符序列：" << endl;cin >> huffmanStr;//得到字符串信息int i=0,j,n,m[100],h,k=0;char cha[100];n = huffmanStr.length();cout << "字符串总共有字符" << n << "个" << endl;for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){j = 0; h = 0;while(huffmanStr[i] != huffmanStr[j])j++;if(j == i){cha[k] = huffmanStr[i];cout << "字符" << cha[k] << "出现";}//如果j !=i 则略过此次循环elsecontinue;for(j = i; j < n; j++){if(huffmanStr[i] == huffmanStr[j])h++;}cout << h << "次" << endl;m[k] = h;k++;}//哈夫曼编码Huffman huffmanTemp;vector < Huffman > huffmanQueue;//初始化队列for(int i = 0; i < k; i++){huffmanTemp.elementChar = cha[i];huffmanTemp.weight = m[i];huffmanQueue.push_back(huffmanTemp);} //得到哈夫曼树所有节点int huffmanQueue_index = 0;sort(huffmanQueue.begin(), huffmanQueue.end());while(huffmanQueue.size() < 2 * k - 1){//合成最小两个节点的父节点huffmanTemp.weight = huffmanQueue[huffmanQueue_index].weight + huffmanQueue[huffmanQueue_index + 1].weight;huffmanQueue[huffmanQueue_index].s = '0';huffmanQueue[huffmanQueue_index + 1].s = '1';huffmanTemp.elementChar = '*';//将父节点加入队列huffmanQueue.push_back(huffmanTemp);sort(huffmanQueue.begin(), huffmanQueue.end());huffmanQueue_index += 2;}//把所有节点构造成哈夫曼树int step = 0;//步长while(step + 2 < 2 * k){for(int j = step + 1; j <= huffmanQueue.size(); j++){if(huffmanQueue[j].elementChar == '*' && huffmanQueue[j].leftChild == NULL && (huffmanQueue[j].weight == huffmanQueue[step].weight + huffmanQueue[step+1].weight)){huffmanQueue[j].leftChild = &huffmanQueue[step];huffmanQueue[j].rightChild = &huffmanQueue[step+1];huffmanQueue[step].parent = huffmanQueue[step+1].parent = &huffmanQueue[j];break;}}step += 2;}//cout << huffmanQueue.size() << endl;//序列最后一个元素，即哈弗曼树最顶端的节点huffmanTemp = huffmanQueue.back();huffmanCode(huffmanTemp);return 0;}