（4.6.12.3）Android属性allowBackup安全风险浅析

1.allowBackup安全风险描述

Android API Level 8及其以上Android系统提供了为应用程序数据的备份和恢复功能，此功能的开关决定于该应用程序中AndroidManifest.xml文件中的allowBackup属性值[1] ，其属性值默认是True。当allowBackup标志为true时，用户即可通过adb backup和adb restore来进行对应用数据的备份和恢复，这可能会带来一定的安全风险。

Android属性allowBackup安全风险源于adb backup容许任何一个能够打开USB 调试开关的人从Android手机中复制应用数据到外设，一旦应用数据被备份之后，所有应用数据都可被用户读取；adb restore容许用户指定一个恢复的数据来源（即备份的应用数据）来恢复应用程序数据的创建。因此，当一个应用数据被备份之后，用户即可在其他Android手机或模拟器上安装同一个应用，以及通过恢复该备份的应用数据到该设备上，在该设备上打开该应用即可恢复到被备份的应用程序的状态。

尤其是通讯录应用，一旦应用程序支持备份和恢复功能，攻击者即可通过adb backup和adb restore进行恢复新安装的同一个应用来查看聊天记录等信息；对于支付金融类应用，攻击者可通过此来进行恶意支付、盗取存款等；因此为了安全起见，开发者务必将allowBackup标志值设置为false来关闭应用程序的备份和恢复功能，以免造成信息泄露和财产损失。

2.allowBackup安全影响范围

Android API Level 8以及以上系统

3.allowBackup安全风险详情

1)allowBackup 风险位置:

AndroidMannifest.xml文件android:allowBackup属性;

2) allowBackup风险触发前提条件：

未将AndroidMannifest.xml文件中的android:allowBackup属性值设为false；

3) allowBackup风险原理：

当allowBackup标志值为true时，即可通过adb backup和adb restore来备份和恢复应用程序数据；

4.allowBackup风险POC

1) 不在AndroidManifest.xml文件设置allowBackup属性值,其默认值为”true”,则应用可通过adb命令进行备份整个应用的数据；
AndroidManifest.xml文件内容：

<span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);"><?</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">xml version</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">=</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"1.0"</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> encoding</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">=</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"utf-8"</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">?></span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"></span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);"><</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">manifest xmlns</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">:</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">android</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">=</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">          package</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">=</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"com.alibaba.jaq.allowbackuppoc"</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">          android</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">:</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">versionCode</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">=</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"1"</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">          android</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">:</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">versionName</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">=</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"1.0"</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">></span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">    </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);"><</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">uses</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">-</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">sdk android</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">:</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">minSdkVersion</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">=</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"10"</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">/></span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">    </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);"><</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">uses</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">-</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">permission android</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">:</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">name</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">=</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE"</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">/></span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">    </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);"><</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">application               android</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">:</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">label</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">=</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"@string/app_name"</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">></span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">        </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);"><</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">activity android</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">:</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">name</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">=</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"LoginActivity"</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">                  android</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">:</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">label</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">=</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"@string/app_name"</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">></span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">            </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);"><</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">intent</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">-</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">filter</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">></span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">                </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);"><</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">action android</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">:</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">name</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">=</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"android.intent.action.MAIN"</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">/></span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">                </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);"><</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">category android</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">:</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">name</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">=</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">/></span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">            </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);"></</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">intent</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">-</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">filter</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">></span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">        </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);"></</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">activity</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">></span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">        </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);"><</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">activity android</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">:</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">name</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">=</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">".HomeActivity"</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">/></span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">    </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);"></</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">application</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">></span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"></span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);"></</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">manifest</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">></span>

该POC应用启动后如下左图所示与登录之后如下右图所示：

通过adb命令备份该应用登录之后的应用数据：

通过作者Nikolay Elenkov写的解密程序Android Backup Extractor[3]解密出备份的文件”allowBackup.ab”,可得知该POC应用的数据(登录用户名和密码)如下图所示：

在另外一台Android手机上，安装该POC应用，然后通过恢复上面备份的数据，可以使得新安装的应用达到登录状态：

恢复数据之前：

点击“恢复我的数据”，恢复数据之后，在没有输入用户名和密码的情况下，通过恢复数据，点击应用图标，直接进入登录状态：

 

2) 在AndroidManifest.xml文件显示设置allowBackup属性值为false，即android:allowBackup="false",则Android应用不可通过adb命令进行备份和恢复整个应用的数据；
AndroidManifest.xml文件内容：

<span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);"><?</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">xml version</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">=</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"1.0"</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> encoding</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">=</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"utf-8"</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">?></span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"></span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);"><</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">manifest xmlns</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">:</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">android</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">=</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">          package</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">=</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"com.alibaba.jaq.allowbackuppoc"</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">          android</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">:</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">versionCode</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">=</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"1"</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">          android</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">:</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">versionName</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">=</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"1.0"</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">></span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">    </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);"><</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">uses</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">-</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">sdk android</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">:</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">minSdkVersion</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">=</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"10"</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">/></span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">    </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);"><</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">uses</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">-</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">permission android</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">:</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">name</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">=</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE"</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"> </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">/></span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">    </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);"><</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">application            android</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">:</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">allowBackup</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">=</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"false"</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">            android</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">:</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">label</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">=</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"@string/app_name"</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">></span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">        </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);"><</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">activity android</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">:</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">name</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">=</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"LoginActivity"</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">                  android</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">:</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">label</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">=</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"@string/app_name"</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">></span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">            </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);"><</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">intent</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">-</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">filter</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">></span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">                </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);"><</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">action android</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">:</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">name</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">=</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"android.intent.action.MAIN"</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">/></span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">                </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);"><</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">category android</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">:</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">name</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">=</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">"android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">/></span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">            </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);"></</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">intent</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">-</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">filter</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">></span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">        </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);"></</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">activity</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">></span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">        </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);"><</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">activity android</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">:</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">name</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">=</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68);">".HomeActivity"</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">/></span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">    </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);"></</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">application</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">></span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);"></span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);"></</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76);">manifest</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161);">></span>

该POC应用启动后如下左图所示与登录之后如下右图所示：

通过adb命令备份该应用登录之后的应用数据：

通过解密出备份的文件”allowBackup.ab”,通过如下图所示可得知该POC应用的备份的数据为空，因此备份不成功：

在另外一台Android手机上，安装该POC应用，然后通过恢复上面备份的数据，可以使得新安装的应用达到登录状态：

恢复数据之前：

恢复数据之后，重新打开应用，发现没有直接进入登录状态：

5.allowBackup风险修复建议

阿里聚安全建议将allowBackup属性值显示设置为false：

出于安全考虑，阿里聚安全建议关闭应用备份功能; 在AndroidMenifest.xml文件中，将相应组件的“android:allowBackup”属性设置为“false”,如下示例：

<span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;"><</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;">application        android</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;">:</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;">allowBackup</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;">=</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;">"false"</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;">        android</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;">:</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;">label</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;">=</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;">"@string/app_name"</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;">></span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;">    </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;"><</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;">activity android</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;">:</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;">name</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;">=</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;">"LoginActivity"</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;">              android</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;">:</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;">label</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;">=</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;">"@string/app_name"</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;">></span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;">        </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;"><</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;">intent</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;">-</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;">filter</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;">></span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;">            </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;"><</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;">action android</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;">:</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;">name</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;">=</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;">"android.intent.action.MAIN"</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;">/></span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;">            </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;"><</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;">category android</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;">:</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;">name</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;">=</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;">"android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;">/></span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;">        </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;"></</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;">intent</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;">-</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;">filter</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;">></span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;">    </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;"></</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;">activity</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;">></span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;">    </span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;"><</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;">activity android</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;">:</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;">name</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;">=</span><span class="str" style="color: rgb(221, 17, 68); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;">".HomeActivity"</span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;">/></span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;"></span><span class="pun" style="color: rgb(147, 161, 161); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;"></</span><span class="pln" style="color: rgb(72, 72, 76); font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, 'Courier New', monospace;">application</span><span class="pln"><span style="font-family:Arial, Console, Verdana, Courier New;color:#333333;">></span></span>