C# 编写Windows Service(windows服务程序)

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C# 编写Windows Service(windows服务程序)

  •  Windows Service简介:

一个Windows服务程序是在Windows操作系统下能完成特定功能的可执行的应用程序。Windows服务程序虽然是可执行的,但是它不像一般的可执行文件通过双击就能开始运行了,它必须有特定的启动方式。这些启动方式包括了自动启动和手动启动两种。对于自动启动的Windows服务程序,它们在Windows启动或是重启之后用户登录之前就开始执行了。只要你将相应的Windows服务程序注册到服务控制管理器(Service Control Manager)中,并将其启动类别设为自动启动就行了。而对于手动启动的Windows服务程序,你可以通过命令行工具的NET START 命令来启动它,或是通过控制面板中管理工具下的服务一项来启动相应的Windows服务程序。

同样,一个Windows服务程序也不能像一般的应用程序那样被终止。因为Windows服务程序一般是没有用户界面的,所以你也要通过命令行工具或是下面图中的工具来停止它,或是在系统关闭时使得Windows服务程序自动停止。因为Windows服务程序没有用户界面,所以基于用户界面的API函数对其是没有多大的意义。为了能使一个Windows服务程序能够正常并有效的在系统环境下工作,程序员必须实现一系列的方法来完成其服务功能。Windows服务程序的应用范围很广,典型的Windows服务程序包含了硬件控制、应用程序监视、系统级应用、诊断、报告、Web和文件系统服务等功能。

和Windows服务程序相关的命名空间涉及到以下两个:System.ServiceProcess System.Diagnostics

 

  • 用C#创建Windows服务的步骤:

1.创建Windows Service项目

从Visual C# 工程中选取 Windows 服务(Windows Service)选项,给工程一个新文件名,然后点击 确定。

 

2.向服务中函数功能实现

 OnStart函数在启动服务时执行,OnStop函数在停止服务时执行。在这里,当启动和停止服务时,向一个文本文件中写入一些文字信息,代码如下:

复制代码
using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.ComponentModel;using System.Data;using System.Diagnostics;using System.IO;using System.Linq;using System.ServiceProcess;using System.Text;using System.Threading.Tasks;namespace MyService{    public partial class Service1 : ServiceBase    {        public Service1()        {            InitializeComponent();        }        protected override void OnStart(string[] args)        {            FileStream fs = new FileStream(@"d:\xx.txt", FileMode.OpenOrCreate, FileAccess.Write);            StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(fs);            sw.BaseStream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.End);            sw.WriteLine("WindowsService: Service Started" + DateTime.Now.ToString() + "\n");            sw.Flush();            sw.Close();            fs.Close();        }        //protected override void OnContinue()        //{        //    base.OnContinue();        //}        //protected override void OnPause()        //{        //    base.OnPause(); // father class method inherit        //}        //protected override void OnShutdown()        //{        //    base.OnShutdown();        //}        protected override void OnStop()        {            FileStream fs = new FileStream(@"d:\xx.txt", FileMode.OpenOrCreate, FileAccess.Write);            StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(fs);            sw.BaseStream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.End);            sw.WriteLine("WindowsService: Service Stopped" + DateTime.Now.ToString() + "\n");            sw.Flush();            sw.Close();            fs.Close();        }    }}
复制代码

4.回到设计窗口点右键选择-添加安装程序 -生成serviceInstaller1和 serviceProcessInstaller1两个组件 
把serviceInstaller1的属性ServiceName改写为你的服务程序名,并把启动模 式设置为AUTOMATIC  
把serviceProcessInstaller1的属性account改写为 LocalSystem  


5.编译链接生成服务程序

通过从生成菜单中选择生成来生成项目。

 

6.安装服务

用.net framework工具INSTALLUTIL安装服务程序即可。

用项目的输出作为参数,从命令行运行 InstallUtil.exe。在命令行中输入下列代码: 
installutil yourproject.exe

Hint: a windows service must first be installed using installutil.exe and then started with the serviceExplorer, windows Services Administrative tool or the NET START command.

 

7.卸载服务

用项目的输出作为参数,从命令行运行 InstallUtil.exe。

installutil /u yourproject.exe

 

如上服务程序运行结果截图:

 

  • 补充:

1.Service启动属性:

        Manual      服务安装后,必须手动启动。

        Automatic    每次计算机重新启动时,服务都会自动启动。

        Disabled     服务无法启动。

 

2.新建的Service项目,其中各属性的含义(设计视图->右键属性):

  Autolog 是否自动写入系统的日志文件

  CanHandlePowerEvent 服务时候接受电源事件

  CanPauseAndContinue 服务是否接受暂停或继续运行的请求

  CanShutdown 服务是否在运行它的计算机关闭时收到通知,以便能够调用 OnShutDown 过程

  CanStop 服务是否接受停止运行的请求

  ServiceName 服务名

 

3. 也可以在系统服务管理器中,设置相应Service的属性或启动方式等

计算机管理 -> 服务和应用程序  -> 服务  -> ...

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给WINDOWS服务加上描述


标签: windowsservicemanageractionexceptionstring
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    当我们创建一个WINDOWS服务后,却发觉我们所创建的服务没有相关的描述。(你可以打开服务管理器程序查看)。而System.ServiceProcess.ServiceBase这些相关的类都没有提供这方面的信息。同样如果我们需要给我们的服务加上恰当的描述,我们也只能通过非托管代码来处理。

    using System;
    using System.Runtime.InteropServices;


    namespace FileWatchService
    {
     public class modAPI
     {
      [DllImport("advapi32.dll")]
      public static extern int LockServiceDatabase(int hSCManager);
     
      [DllImport("advapi32.dll")]
      public static extern bool UnlockServiceDatabase(int hSCManager);
     
      [DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
      public static extern void CopyMemory(IntPtr pDst, SC_ACTION[] pSrc,int ByteLen);
     
      [DllImport("advapi32.dll")]
      public static extern bool ChangeServiceConfigA(
       int hService, ServiceType dwServiceType, int dwStartType,
       int dwErrorControl, string lpBinaryPathName, string lpLoadOrderGroup,
       int lpdwTagId, string lpDependencies, string lpServiceStartName,
       string lpPassword, string lpDisplayName);
       
      [DllImport("advapi32.dll")]
      public static extern bool ChangeServiceConfig2A(
       int hService, InfoLevel dwInfoLevel,
       [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Struct)] ref SERVICE_DESCRIPTION lpInfo);

      [DllImport("advapi32.dll")]
      public static extern bool ChangeServiceConfig2A(
       int hService, InfoLevel dwInfoLevel,
       [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Struct)] ref SERVICE_FAILURE_ACTIONS lpInfo);

      [DllImport("advapi32.dll")]
      public static extern int OpenServiceA(
       int hSCManager, string lpServiceName, ACCESS_TYPE dwDesiredAccess);

      [DllImport("advapi32.dll")]
      public static extern int OpenSCManagerA(
       string lpMachineName, string lpDatabaseName, ServiceControlManagerType dwDesiredAccess);

      [DllImport("advapi32.dll")]
      public static extern bool CloseServiceHandle(
       int hSCObject);

      [DllImport("advapi32.dll")]
      public static extern bool QueryServiceConfigA(
       int hService, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Struct)] ref QUERY_SERVICE_CONFIG lpServiceConfig, int cbBufSize,
       int pcbBytesNeeded);
      [DllImport("advapi32.dll")]
      public static extern int StartService(int SVHANDLE,int dwNumServiceArgs,string lpServiceArgVectors);

      public const int STANDARD_RIGHTS_REQUIRED = 0xF0000;
      public const int GENERIC_READ = -2147483648;
      public const int ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER = 122;
      public const int SERVICE_NO_CHANGE = -1;
      //public const int SERVICE_NO_CHANGE = 0xFFFF;

      public enum ServiceType
      {
       SERVICE_KERNEL_DRIVER = 0x1,
       SERVICE_FILE_SYSTEM_DRIVER = 0x2,
       SERVICE_WIN32_OWN_PROCESS = 0x10,
       SERVICE_WIN32_SHARE_PROCESS = 0x20,
       SERVICE_INTERACTIVE_PROCESS = 0x100,
       SERVICETYPE_NO_CHANGE = SERVICE_NO_CHANGE
      }

      public enum ServiceStartType:int
      {
       SERVICE_BOOT_START = 0x0,
       SERVICE_SYSTEM_START = 0x1,
       SERVICE_AUTO_START = 0x2,
       SERVICE_DEMAND_START = 0x3,
       SERVICE_DISABLED = 0x4,
       SERVICESTARTTYPE_NO_CHANGE = SERVICE_NO_CHANGE
      }

      public enum ServiceErrorControl:int
      {
       SERVICE_ERROR_IGNORE = 0x0,
       SERVICE_ERROR_NORMAL = 0x1,
       SERVICE_ERROR_SEVERE = 0x2,
       SERVICE_ERROR_CRITICAL = 0x3,
       msidbServiceInstallErrorControlVital = 0x8000,
       SERVICEERRORCONTROL_NO_CHANGE = SERVICE_NO_CHANGE
      }

      public enum ServiceStateRequest:int
      {
       SERVICE_ACTIVE = 0x1,
       SERVICE_INACTIVE = 0x2,
       SERVICE_STATE_ALL = (SERVICE_ACTIVE + SERVICE_INACTIVE)
      }

      public enum ServiceControlType:int
      {
       SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP = 0x1,
       SERVICE_CONTROL_PAUSE = 0x2,
       SERVICE_CONTROL_CONTINUE = 0x3,
       SERVICE_CONTROL_INTERROGATE = 0x4,
       SERVICE_CONTROL_SHUTDOWN = 0x5,
       SERVICE_CONTROL_PARAMCHANGE = 0x6,
       SERVICE_CONTROL_NETBINDADD = 0x7,
       SERVICE_CONTROL_NETBINDREMOVE = 0x8,
       SERVICE_CONTROL_NETBINDENABLE = 0x9,
       SERVICE_CONTROL_NETBINDDISABLE = 0xA,
       SERVICE_CONTROL_DEVICEEVENT = 0xB,
       SERVICE_CONTROL_HARDWAREPROFILECHANGE = 0xC,
       SERVICE_CONTROL_POWEREVENT = 0xD,
       SERVICE_CONTROL_SESSIONCHANGE = 0xE,
      }

      public enum ServiceState:int
      {
       SERVICE_STOPPED = 0x1,
       SERVICE_START_PENDING = 0x2,
       SERVICE_STOP_PENDING = 0x3,
       SERVICE_RUNNING = 0x4,
       SERVICE_CONTINUE_PENDING = 0x5,
       SERVICE_PAUSE_PENDING = 0x6,
       SERVICE_PAUSED = 0x7,
      }

      public enum ServiceControlAccepted:int
      {
       SERVICE_ACCEPT_STOP = 0x1,
       SERVICE_ACCEPT_PAUSE_CONTINUE = 0x2,
       SERVICE_ACCEPT_SHUTDOWN = 0x4,
       SERVICE_ACCEPT_PARAMCHANGE = 0x8,
       SERVICE_ACCEPT_NETBINDCHANGE = 0x10,
       SERVICE_ACCEPT_HARDWAREPROFILECHANGE = 0x20,
       SERVICE_ACCEPT_POWEREVENT = 0x40,
       SERVICE_ACCEPT_SESSIONCHANGE = 0x80
      }

      public enum ServiceControlManagerType:int
      {
       SC_MANAGER_CONNECT = 0x1,
       SC_MANAGER_CREATE_SERVICE = 0x2,
       SC_MANAGER_ENUMERATE_SERVICE = 0x4,
       SC_MANAGER_LOCK = 0x8,
       SC_MANAGER_QUERY_LOCK_STATUS = 0x10,
       SC_MANAGER_MODIFY_BOOT_CONFIG = 0x20,
       SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS = STANDARD_RIGHTS_REQUIRED + SC_MANAGER_CONNECT + SC_MANAGER_CREATE_SERVICE + SC_MANAGER_ENUMERATE_SERVICE + SC_MANAGER_LOCK + SC_MANAGER_QUERY_LOCK_STATUS + SC_MANAGER_MODIFY_BOOT_CONFIG
      }

      public enum ACCESS_TYPE:int
      {
       SERVICE_QUERY_CONFIG = 0x1,
       SERVICE_CHANGE_CONFIG = 0x2,
       SERVICE_QUERY_STATUS = 0x4,
       SERVICE_ENUMERATE_DEPENDENTS = 0x8,
       SERVICE_START = 0x10,
       SERVICE_STOP = 0x20,
       SERVICE_PAUSE_CONTINUE = 0x40,
       SERVICE_INTERROGATE = 0x80,
       SERVICE_USER_DEFINED_CONTROL = 0x100,
       SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS = STANDARD_RIGHTS_REQUIRED + SERVICE_QUERY_CONFIG + SERVICE_CHANGE_CONFIG + SERVICE_QUERY_STATUS + SERVICE_ENUMERATE_DEPENDENTS + SERVICE_START + SERVICE_STOP + SERVICE_PAUSE_CONTINUE + SERVICE_INTERROGATE + SERVICE_USER_DEFINED_CONTROL
      }

      [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
       public struct SERVICE_STATUS
      {
       public int dwServiceType;
       public int dwCurrentState;
       public int dwControlsAccepted;
       public int dwWin32ExitCode;
       public int dwServiceSpecificExitCode;
       public int dwCheckPoint;
       public int dwWaitHint;
      }
     
      [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
       public struct QUERY_SERVICE_CONFIG
      {
       public int dwServiceType;
       public int dwStartType;
       public int dwErrorControl;
       public string lpBinaryPathName;
       public string lpLoadOrderGroup;
       public int dwTagId;
       public string lpDependencies;
       public string lpServiceStartName;
       public string lpDisplayName;
      }

      public enum SC_ACTION_TYPE:int
      {
       SC_ACTION_NONE = 0,
       SC_ACTION_RESTART = 1,
       SC_ACTION_REBOOT = 2,
       SC_ACTION_RUN_COMMAND = 3,
      }

      [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
       public struct SC_ACTION
      {
       public SC_ACTION_TYPE SCActionType;
       public int Delay;
      }

      public enum InfoLevel:int
      {
       SERVICE_CONFIG_DESCRIPTION = 1,
       SERVICE_CONFIG_FAILURE_ACTIONS = 2
      }

      [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
       public struct SERVICE_DESCRIPTION
      {
       public string lpDescription;
      }

      [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
       public struct SERVICE_FAILURE_ACTIONS
      {
       public int dwResetPeriod;
       public string lpRebootMsg;
       public string lpCommand;
       public int cActions;
       public int lpsaActions;
      }
     }
    }

    当我们给服务增加安装包时,我们可以在ProjectInstaller里加上我们修改服务描述的代码

    private void InitializeComponent()
      {

    //这里要增加代码
    this.AfterInstall += new System.Configuration.Install.InstallEventHandler(this.ProjectInstaller_AfterInstall);

    }

    private void ProjectInstaller_AfterInstall(object sender,System.Configuration.Install.InstallEventArgs e)
      {

       int iSCManagerHandle = 0;
       int iSCManagerLockHandle = 0;
       int iServiceHandle = 0;
       bool bChangeServiceConfig = false;
       bool bChangeServiceConfig2 = false;
       modAPI.SERVICE_DESCRIPTION ServiceDescription;
       modAPI.SERVICE_FAILURE_ACTIONS ServiceFailureActions;
       modAPI.SC_ACTION[] ScActions = new modAPI.SC_ACTION[3];

       bool bCloseService = false;
       bool bUnlockSCManager = false;
       bool bCloseSCManager = false;

       IntPtr iScActionsPointer = new IntPtr();

       try
       {
        //打开服务控制台
        iSCManagerHandle = modAPI.OpenSCManagerA(null, null,
         modAPI.ServiceControlManagerType.SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS);

        
        if (iSCManagerHandle < 1)
        {
         throw new Exception("不能打开服务管理器.");
        }

        
        iSCManagerLockHandle = modAPI.LockServiceDatabase(iSCManagerHandle);

        
        if (iSCManagerLockHandle < 1)
        {
         throw new Exception("不能锁定服务管理器.");
        }

        //服务名
        iServiceHandle = modAPI.OpenServiceA(iSCManagerHandle, "JadeWatchService",
         modAPI.ACCESS_TYPE.SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS);

        
        if (iServiceHandle < 1)
        {
         throw new Exception("不能打开服务进行修改.");
        }
     
       
        bChangeServiceConfig = modAPI.ChangeServiceConfigA(iServiceHandle,
         modAPI.ServiceType.SERVICE_WIN32_OWN_PROCESS | modAPI.ServiceType.SERVICE_INTERACTIVE_PROCESS,
         modAPI.SERVICE_NO_CHANGE, modAPI.SERVICE_NO_CHANGE, null, null,
         0, null, null, null, null);

        
        if (bChangeServiceConfig==false)
        {
         throw new Exception("不能改变服务设置.");
        }

       
        ServiceDescription.lpDescription = "青鸟文件监控服务,如果停止该服务,数据将不能正常进行备份!";

     
        bChangeServiceConfig2 = modAPI.ChangeServiceConfig2A(iServiceHandle,
         modAPI.InfoLevel.SERVICE_CONFIG_DESCRIPTION,ref ServiceDescription);

       
        if (bChangeServiceConfig2==false)
        {
         throw new Exception("不能进行服务描述更改.");
        }  

       
        ServiceFailureActions.dwResetPeriod = 600;
        ServiceFailureActions.lpRebootMsg = "服务启动失败! 重启中...";
        // ServiceFailureActions.lpCommand = "SomeCommand.exe Param1 Param2";
        ServiceFailureActions.lpCommand = "";
        ServiceFailureActions.cActions = ScActions.Length;

        //故障恢复设置,这里没有设置
        ScActions[0].Delay = 20000;
        ScActions[0].SCActionType = modAPI.SC_ACTION_TYPE.SC_ACTION_NONE; //不要对失败操作做任何处理,如果重启服务等
        ScActions[1].Delay = 20000;
        ScActions[1].SCActionType = modAPI.SC_ACTION_TYPE.SC_ACTION_NONE;
        ScActions[2].Delay = 20000;
        ScActions[2].SCActionType = modAPI.SC_ACTION_TYPE.SC_ACTION_NONE;

        
        iScActionsPointer = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(Marshal.SizeOf(new modAPI.SC_ACTION()) * 3);

        
        modAPI.CopyMemory(iScActionsPointer, ScActions, Marshal.SizeOf(new modAPI.SC_ACTION()) * 3);

       
        ServiceFailureActions.lpsaActions = iScActionsPointer.ToInt32();

        
        bChangeServiceConfig2 = modAPI.ChangeServiceConfig2A(iServiceHandle,
         modAPI.InfoLevel.SERVICE_CONFIG_FAILURE_ACTIONS,ref ServiceFailureActions);

        
        if (bChangeServiceConfig2==false)
        {
         throw new Exception("不能设置服务的故障恢复设置.");
        }
        
       }
       catch(Exception ex)
       {
        
        throw new Exception(ex.Message);
       }
       finally
       {
        
        Marshal.FreeHGlobal(iScActionsPointer);

        if (iServiceHandle > 0)
        {
         bCloseService = modAPI.CloseServiceHandle(iServiceHandle);
        }

        if (iSCManagerLockHandle > 0)
        {
         bUnlockSCManager = modAPI.UnlockServiceDatabase(iSCManagerLockHandle);
        }

        if (iSCManagerHandle != 0)
        {
         bCloseSCManager = modAPI.CloseServiceHandle(iSCManagerHandle);
        }
       }
       
      }

    在安装完成后,我们对服务进行。这里可以修改的内容包括服务的描述,服务的故障处理等.

    如果你在安装时,需要对服务进行自动处于运行状态,或卸载时需要自动将服务也卸载,你只要注册

    this.BeforeUninstall+=new InstallEventHandler(ProjectInstaller_BeforeUninstall);
       this.Committed+=new InstallEventHandler(ProjectInstaller_Committed);

    这二个事件

    Committed事件,在这里可以将安装的服务进行调整到运行状态

    BeforeUninstall事件,您可以在这里将服务自动卸载掉



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