oracle arvhivelog、noarchivelog与mount的关系
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这里仅仅想解释下，为什么alter database archivelog 与alter database noarchivelog需要在mount状态下执行。
我们来分步骤看看oracle的启动过程日志:
SQL> startup pfile='$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/pfileorcl.ora' mount;
ORA-32006: LOG_ARCHIVE_START initialization parameter has been deprecated
ORA-32006: REMOTE_OS_AUTHENT initialization parameter has been deprecated
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 480182272 bytes
Fixed Size 2254424 bytes
Variable Size 352324008 bytes
Database Buffers 117440512 bytes
Redo Buffers 8163328 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL>
SQL> show parameter log_archive_start
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
log_archive_start booleanFALSE
SQL> archive log list
Database log mode No Archive Mode
Automatic archival Disabled
Archive destination /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/log/archive
Oldest online log sequence 65
Current log sequence 67
SQL> select name ,log_mode from v$database;
NAME LOG_MODE
--------- ------------
ORCL NOARCHIVELOG
SQL>
看看alert_${ORACLE_SID}.log中记录的启动日志
Sat May 28 00:54:04 2016
Adjusting the default value of parameter parallel_max_servers
from 160 to 120 due to the value of parameter processes (150)
Starting ORACLE instance (normal)
LICENSE_MAX_SESSION = 0
LICENSE_SESSIONS_WARNING = 0
Initial number of CPU is 4
Number of processor cores in the system is 4
Number of processor sockets in the system is 4
CELL communication is configured to use 0 interface(s):
CELL IP affinity details:
NUMA status: non-NUMA system
cellaffinity.ora status: N/A
CELL communication will use 1 IP group(s):
Grp 0:
Picked latch-free SCN scheme 3
Autotune of undo retention is turned on.
IMODE=BR
ILAT =27
LICENSE_MAX_USERS = 0
SYS auditing is disabled
Starting up:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options.
ORACLE_HOME = /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
System name: Linux
Node name: localhost.localdomain
Release: 3.10.0-229.el7.x86_64
Version: #1 SMP Fri Mar 6 11:36:42 UTC 2015
Machine: x86_64
VM name: VMWare Version: 6
Using parameter settings in client-side pfile /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/pfileorcl.ora on machine localhost.localdomain
System parameters with non-default values:
processes = 150
memory_target = 460M
control_files = "/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl"
control_files = "/home/oracle/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl"
db_block_size = 8192
compatible = "11.2.0.4.0"
log_archive_dest_1 = "location=/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/log/archive"
log_archive_start = FALSE
db_recovery_file_dest = "/home/oracle/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area"
db_recovery_file_dest_size= 4182M
undo_tablespace = "UNDOTBS1"
resumable_timeout = 2
remote_os_authent = TRUE
remote_login_passwordfile= "EXCLUSIVE"
db_domain = ""
instance_name = "orclwf"
dispatchers = "(PROTOCOL=TCP)(SERVICE=orclXDB)(DISPATCHERS=3)"
shared_servers = 3
local_listener = ""
audit_file_dest = "/home/oracle/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump"
audit_trail = "DB"
db_name = "orcl"
db_unique_name = "orcluni"
open_cursors = 300
diagnostic_dest = "/home/oracle/app/oracle"
Deprecated system parameters with specified values:
log_archive_start
remote_os_authent
End of deprecated system parameter listing
Sat May 28 00:54:05 2016
PMON started with pid=2, OS id=16377
Sat May 28 00:54:05 2016
PSP0 started with pid=3, OS id=16379
Sat May 28 00:54:06 2016
VKTM started with pid=4, OS id=16381 at elevated priority
VKTM running at (1)millisec precision with DBRM quantum (100)ms
Sat May 28 00:54:06 2016
GEN0 started with pid=5, OS id=16385
Sat May 28 00:54:06 2016
DIAG started with pid=6, OS id=16387
Sat May 28 00:54:06 2016
DBRM started with pid=7, OS id=16389
Sat May 28 00:54:06 2016
DIA0 started with pid=8, OS id=16391
Sat May 28 00:54:06 2016
MMAN started with pid=9, OS id=16393
Sat May 28 00:54:06 2016
DBW0 started with pid=10, OS id=16395
Sat May 28 00:54:06 2016
LGWR started with pid=11, OS id=16397
Sat May 28 00:54:06 2016
CKPT started with pid=12, OS id=16399
Sat May 28 00:54:06 2016
SMON started with pid=13, OS id=16401
Sat May 28 00:54:06 2016
RECO started with pid=14, OS id=16403
Sat May 28 00:54:06 2016
MMON started with pid=15, OS id=16405
Sat May 28 00:54:06 2016
MMNL started with pid=16, OS id=16407
starting up 3 dispatcher(s) for network address '(ADDRESS=(PARTIAL=YES)(PROTOCOL=TCP))'...
starting up 3 shared server(s) ...
ORACLE_BASE from environment = /home/oracle/app/oracle
Sat May 28 00:54:06 2016
ALTER DATABASE MOUNT
Successful mount of redo thread 1, with mount id 1440771246
Database mounted in Exclusive Mode
Lost write protection disabled
Completed: ALTER DATABASE MOUNT
再来open数据库
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
SQL>
启动日志：Sat May 28 01:00:47 2016
alter database open
Sat May 28 01:00:47 2016
Thread 1 opened at log sequence 67
Current log# 1 seq# 67 mem# 0: /home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log
Successful open of redo thread 1
MTTR advisory is disabled because FAST_START_MTTR_TARGET is not set
Sat May 28 01:00:47 2016
SMON: enabling cache recovery
[16425] Successfully onlined Undo Tablespace 2.
Undo initialization finished serial:0 start:29501794 end:29501824 diff:30 (0 seconds)
Verifying file header compatibility for 11g tablespace encryption..
Verifying 11g file header compatibility for tablespace encryption completed
SMON: enabling tx recovery
*********************************************************************
WARNING: The following temporary tablespaces contain no files.
This condition can occur when a backup controlfile has
been restored. It may be necessary to add files to these
tablespaces. That can be done using the SQL statement:
ALTER TABLESPACE <tablespace_name> ADD TEMPFILE
Alternatively, if these temporary tablespaces are no longer
needed, then they can be dropped.
Empty temporary tablespace: TEMPTS1
*********************************************************************
Database Characterset is AL32UTF8
No Resource Manager plan active
replication_dependency_tracking turned off (no async multimaster replication found)
Starting background process QMNC
Sat May 28 01:00:47 2016
QMNC started with pid=24, OS id=16585
Completed: alter database open
Sat May 28 01:00:48 2016
db_recovery_file_dest_size of 4182 MB is 0.00% used. This is a
user-specified limit on the amount of space that will be used by this
database for recovery-related files, and does not reflect the amount of
space available in the underlying filesystem or ASM diskgroup.
Sat May 28 01:00:48 2016
Starting background process CJQ0
Sat May 28 01:00:48 2016
CJQ0 started with pid=27, OS id=16609
我们再来以重新启动数据库，并以归档模式打开，
abase closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup pfile=startup pfile='$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/pfileorcl.ora' mount;
SP2-0714: invalid combination of STARTUP options
SQL> startup pfile='$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/pfileorcl.ora' mount;
ORA-32006: LOG_ARCHIVE_START initialization parameter has been deprecated
ORA-32006: REMOTE_OS_AUTHENT initialization parameter has been deprecated
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 480182272 bytes
Fixed Size 2254424 bytes
Variable Size 352324008 bytes
Database Buffers 117440512 bytes
Redo Buffers 8163328 bytes
Database mounted.
启动日志：
Shutting down instance (immediate)
Shutting down instance: further logons disabled
Stopping background process QMNC
Sat May 28 01:03:13 2016
Stopping background process CJQ0
Stopping background process MMNL
Stopping background process MMON
License high water mark = 5
All dispatchers and shared servers shutdown
ALTER DATABASE CLOSE NORMAL
Sat May 28 01:03:17 2016
SMON: disabling tx recovery
SMON: disabling cache recovery
Sat May 28 01:03:17 2016
Shutting down archive processes
Archiving is disabled
Archive process shutdown avoided: 0 active
Thread 1 closed at log sequence 67
Successful close of redo thread 1
Completed: ALTER DATABASE CLOSE NORMAL
ALTER DATABASE DISMOUNT
Shutting down archive processes
Archiving is disabled
Completed: ALTER DATABASE DISMOUNT
ARCH: Archival disabled due to shutdown: 1089
Shutting down archive processes
Archiving is disabled
ARCH: Archival disabled due to shutdown: 1089
Shutting down archive processes
Sat May 28 01:03:18 2016
Stopping background process VKTM
Archiving is disabled
Sat May 28 01:03:20 2016
Instance shutdown complete
Sat May 28 01:03:49 2016
Adjusting the default value of parameter parallel_max_servers
from 160 to 120 due to the value of parameter processes (150)
Starting ORACLE instance (normal)
LICENSE_MAX_SESSION = 0
LICENSE_SESSIONS_WARNING = 0
Initial number of CPU is 4
Number of processor cores in the system is 4
Number of processor sockets in the system is 4
CELL communication is configured to use 0 interface(s):
CELL IP affinity details:
NUMA status: non-NUMA system
cellaffinity.ora status: N/A
CELL communication will use 1 IP group(s):
Grp 0:
Picked latch-free SCN scheme 3
Autotune of undo retention is turned on.
IMODE=BR
ILAT =27
LICENSE_MAX_USERS = 0
SYS auditing is disabled
Starting up:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options.
ORACLE_HOME = /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
System name: Linux
Node name: localhost.localdomain
Release: 3.10.0-229.el7.x86_64
Version: #1 SMP Fri Mar 6 11:36:42 UTC 2015
Machine: x86_64
VM name: VMWare Version: 6
Using parameter settings in client-side pfile /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/pfileorcl.ora on machine localhost.localdomain
System parameters with non-default values:
processes = 150
memory_target = 460M
control_files = "/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl"
control_files = "/home/oracle/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl"
db_block_size = 8192
compatible = "11.2.0.4.0"
log_archive_dest_1 = "location=/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/log/archive"
log_archive_start = FALSE
db_recovery_file_dest = "/home/oracle/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area"
db_recovery_file_dest_size= 4182M
undo_tablespace = "UNDOTBS1"
resumable_timeout = 2
remote_os_authent = TRUE
remote_login_passwordfile= "EXCLUSIVE"
db_domain = ""
instance_name = "orclwf"
dispatchers = "(PROTOCOL=TCP)(SERVICE=orclXDB)(DISPATCHERS=3)"
shared_servers = 3
local_listener = ""
audit_file_dest = "/home/oracle/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump"
audit_trail = "DB"
db_name = "orcl"
db_unique_name = "orcluni"
open_cursors = 300
diagnostic_dest = "/home/oracle/app/oracle"
Deprecated system parameters with specified values:
log_archive_start
remote_os_authent
End of deprecated system parameter listing
Sat May 28 01:03:49 2016
PMON started with pid=2, OS id=16781
Sat May 28 01:03:49 2016
PSP0 started with pid=3, OS id=16783
Sat May 28 01:03:50 2016
VKTM started with pid=4, OS id=16785 at elevated priority
VKTM running at (1)millisec precision with DBRM quantum (100)ms
Sat May 28 01:03:50 2016
GEN0 started with pid=5, OS id=16789
Sat May 28 01:03:50 2016
DIAG started with pid=6, OS id=16791
Sat May 28 01:03:50 2016
DBRM started with pid=7, OS id=16793
Sat May 28 01:03:50 2016
DIA0 started with pid=8, OS id=16795
Sat May 28 01:03:50 2016
MMAN started with pid=9, OS id=16797
Sat May 28 01:03:50 2016
DBW0 started with pid=10, OS id=16799
Sat May 28 01:03:50 2016
LGWR started with pid=11, OS id=16801
Sat May 28 01:03:50 2016
CKPT started with pid=12, OS id=16803
Sat May 28 01:03:50 2016
SMON started with pid=13, OS id=16805
Sat May 28 01:03:50 2016
RECO started with pid=14, OS id=16807
Sat May 28 01:03:50 2016
MMON started with pid=15, OS id=16809
Sat May 28 01:03:50 2016
MMNL started with pid=16, OS id=16811
starting up 3 dispatcher(s) for network address '(ADDRESS=(PARTIAL=YES)(PROTOCOL=TCP))'...
starting up 3 shared server(s) ...
ORACLE_BASE from environment = /home/oracle/app/oracle
Sat May 28 01:03:50 2016
ALTER DATABASE MOUNT
Successful mount of redo thread 1, with mount id 1440763894
Database mounted in Exclusive Mode
Lost write protection disabled
Completed: ALTER DATABASE MOUNT
修改归档模式，打开归档，并open数据库
SQL> alter database archivelog;
Database altered.
SQL> select name,log_mode from v$database;
NAME LOG_MODE
--------- ------------
ORCL ARCHIVELOG
SQL> archive log list
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/log/archive
Oldest online log sequence 65
Next log sequence to archive 67
Current log sequence 67
SQL> alter database open
2 ;
Database altered.
SQL>
再看启动日志：
Sat May 28 01:04:21 2016
alter database archivelog
Completed: alter database archivelog
Sat May 28 01:12:03 2016
alter database open
Sat May 28 01:12:03 2016
LGWR: STARTING ARCH PROCESSES
Sat May 28 01:12:03 2016
ARC0 started with pid=24, OS id=16984
ARC0: Archival started
LGWR: STARTING ARCH PROCESSES COMPLETE
ARC0: STARTING ARCH PROCESSES
Sat May 28 01:12:04 2016
ARC1 started with pid=25, OS id=16986
Thread 1 opened at log sequence 67
Current log# 1 seq# 67 mem# 0: /home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log
Successful open of redo thread 1
MTTR advisory is disabled because FAST_START_MTTR_TARGET is not set
Sat May 28 01:12:04 2016
SMON: enabling cache recovery
Sat May 28 01:12:04 2016
ARC2 started with pid=26, OS id=16988
Sat May 28 01:12:04 2016
ARC3 started with pid=27, OS id=16990
ARC1: Archival started
ARC2: Archival started
ARC1: Becoming the 'no FAL' ARCH
ARC1: Becoming the 'no SRL' ARCH
ARC2: Becoming the heartbeat ARCH
[16829] Successfully onlined Undo Tablespace 2.
Undo initialization finished serial:0 start:30178264 end:30178284 diff:20 (0 seconds)
Verifying file header compatibility for 11g tablespace encryption..
Verifying 11g file header compatibility for tablespace encryption completed
SMON: enabling tx recovery
*********************************************************************
WARNING: The following temporary tablespaces contain no files.
This condition can occur when a backup controlfile has
been restored. It may be necessary to add files to these
tablespaces. That can be done using the SQL statement:
ALTER TABLESPACE <tablespace_name> ADD TEMPFILE
Alternatively, if these temporary tablespaces are no longer
needed, then they can be dropped.
Empty temporary tablespace: TEMPTS1
*********************************************************************
Database Characterset is AL32UTF8
No Resource Manager plan active
replication_dependency_tracking turned off (no async multimaster replication found)
Starting background process QMNC
Sat May 28 01:12:04 2016
QMNC started with pid=28, OS id=16992
Completed: alter database open
Sat May 28 01:12:04 2016
db_recovery_file_dest_size of 4182 MB is 0.00% used. This is a
user-specified limit on the amount of space that will be used by this
database for recovery-related files, and does not reflect the amount of
space available in the underlying filesystem or ASM diskgroup.
Sat May 28 01:12:04 2016
Starting background process CJQ0
Sat May 28 01:12:04 2016
CJQ0 started with pid=30, OS id=17006
ARC3: Archival started
ARC0: STARTING ARCH PROCESSES COMPLETE
比较非归档模式与归档模式下的启动日志，发现了什么？没错，在open阶段，归档模式下，多了启动arch process步骤，看这句 LGWR: STARTING ARCH PROCESSES。LGWR进程触发了arch进程的启动。但是在非归档模式下，arch进程是不启动的。
这也解释了为什么必须在mount阶段设置数据库的归档与非归档模式。因为，在mount阶段设置，在open阶段启动。
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