Populating Next Right Pointers in Each Node(medium)

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【题目】

Given a binary tree

    struct TreeLinkNode {      TreeLinkNode *left;      TreeLinkNode *right;      TreeLinkNode *next;    }

Populate each next pointer to point to its next right node. If there is no next right node, the next pointer should be set toNULL.

Initially, all next pointers are set to NULL.

Note:

  • You may only use constant extra space.
  • You may assume that it is a perfect binary tree (ie, all leaves are at the same level, and every parent has two children).

For example,
Given the following perfect binary tree,

         1       /  \      2    3     / \  / \    4  5  6  7

After calling your function, the tree should look like:

         1 -> NULL       /  \      2 -> 3 -> NULL     / \  / \    4->5->6->7 -> NULL
【题意】

      如果有右孩子,则使其next为右孩子,否则为null

【分析】

      由于只能用常量级别的额外存储空间,所以度搜索是不能用的,因为递归是需要栈的,因此空间复杂度将是 O(logn)。同理广度搜索也不能用,因为队列也是占用空间的,空间占用还高于 O(logn)。但是核心仍然是广度搜索,但是我们可以借用 next 指针,做到不需要队列就能完成广度搜索,如果当前层所有结点的next 指针已经设置好了,那么据此,下一层所有结点的next指针 也可以依次被设置

【实现】

/** * Definition for binary tree with next pointer. * struct TreeLinkNode { *  int val; *  TreeLinkNode *left, *right, *next; *  TreeLinkNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL), next(NULL) {} * }; */class Solution {public:    void connect(TreeLinkNode *root) {        if(NULL == root) return;        TreeLinkNode* curLev;        while(root -> left != NULL){            curLev = root;            while(curLev != NULL){                curLev -> left -> next = curLev -> right;                if(curLev -> next != NULL)                    curLev -> right -> next = curLev -> next -> left;                curLev = curLev -> next;            }            root = root -> left;        }    }};


参考:

思路:

很棒的一道题,可以认为是先序遍历。

(1)根据题述:左孩子为空,则右孩子一定为空,所以左孩子为空,则return

(2)如果左孩子不为空,则右孩子一定不为空,所以链接左孩子和右孩子即可(左孩子的next赋值为右孩子)

(3)由于先序遍历,所以父节点的next比子节点的next先被设置,故父节点不同的两个子节点进行连接,就可以用到父节点的next,整题的精华便是:root->right->next = root->right

/** * Definition for binary tree with next pointer. * struct TreeLinkNode { *  int val; *  TreeLinkNode *left, *right, *next; *  TreeLinkNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL), next(NULL) {} * }; */class Solution {public:    void connect(TreeLinkNode *root) {        if(root == NULL || root -> left == NULL) {            return;        }        root->left->next = root->right;                if(root->next != NULL) {            root->right->next = root->next->left;        }                connect(root->left);        connect(root->right);                return;    }};



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