Android 6.0运行时权限

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1. 运行时获得权限:

从androi 6.0开始,不再是安装应用时用户确定获得全部的权限.而是在使用软件过程中需要该权限时,弹出对话框让用户选择权限.不仅如此,用户选择权限后还可以关闭。

2. 检查是否获得权限:

通过 ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(context,permission)方法,方法返回值为 PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED or PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED

int permissionCheck = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this,                Manifest.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR);        if (permissionCheck == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {            Toast.makeText(PermissionActivity.this, "hava this permission", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();        }else {            Toast.makeText(PermissionActivity.this, "no this permission", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();        }

3. 请求权限:

通过ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity,permissions,requestCode)第二个参数是一个String数组,第三个参数是请求码便于在onRequestPermissionsResult 方法中根据requestCode进行判断.

 ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(PermissionActivity.this,                        new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS},                        MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS);

4. 请求权限后的回调:

请求权限后会回调onRequestPermissionsResult方法,在activity中重写onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode,permissions,grantResults)方法 grantResults是int类型的数组每个值为PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED or PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED 分别对应permissions的每个请求.

     @Override    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {        switch (requestCode) {            case MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS: {                // If request is cancelled, the result arrays are empty.                if (grantResults.length > 0                        && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {                } else {                }            }        }    }

5. 告诉用户为何需要权限:

ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(activity,permission) 这个方法是在用户拒绝权限后返回true. 也就是说:用户第一次点击一个需要权限的地方,该方法返回false(因为用户没拒绝~),当用户拒绝掉该权限,下次点击此权限处,该方法会返回true.可在里面进行对该权限的说明,然后弹出权限让用户选择,并且对话框有don't ask again选项.

@OnClick(R.id.btn_check)    public void onClick() {        //判断是否有权限        if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(PermissionActivity.this,                Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS)                != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {            //当用户拒绝掉权限时.            if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(PermissionActivity.this,                    Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS)) {                Toast.makeText(PermissionActivity.this, "true", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();                AlertDialog dialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(this).setTitle("该权限保证手机不会爆炸^ ^").setPositiveButton("我需要此权限!", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {                    @Override                    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {                        ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(PermissionActivity.this,                                new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS},                                MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS);                    }                }).setNegativeButton("炸吧炸吧~", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {                    @Override                    public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {                        Toast.makeText(PermissionActivity.this, "准备爆炸了", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();                    }                }).show();            } else {                Toast.makeText(PermissionActivity.this, "false", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(PermissionActivity.this,                        new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS},                        MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS);            }        }    }

6.用户选择do't ask again 后

ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(activity,permission) 方法一直返回false,并且ActivityCompat.requestPermissions不会弹出对话框,系统直接deny,并回调onRequestPermissionsResult方法.

    @Override    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {        switch (requestCode) {            case MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS: {                // If request is cancelled, the result arrays are empty.                if (grantResults.length > 0                        && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {                } else {                    showDialog();                   // Toast.makeText(PermissionActivity.this, "request false", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();                }            }        }    }    private void showDialog() {        AlertDialog dialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(this).setTitle("还可以手动开启哦~").setMessage("可以前往设置->app->myapp->permission打开").setPositiveButton("确定!", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {            @Override            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {            }        }).show();    }

7. 用户接受权限

8.补充

android权限有normal和dangerous两种 normal系统会自动给予权限,dangerous需要用户选择.Normal and Dangerous Permissions

用户手动开启权限:

文／yuyue（简书作者）
原文链接：http://www.jianshu.com/p/57798618bd90#rd

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