Android 实现蓝牙客户端与服务器端通信

一、首先说明：蓝牙通信必须用手机测试，因为avd里没有相关的硬件，会报错！
好了，看看最后的效果图：

二、概述：
1.判断是否支持Bluetooth

BluetoothAdapter bluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();if(bluetoothAdapter == null) {    //the device doesn't support bluetooth} else {    //the device support bluetooth}

2.如果支持，打开Bluetooth

if(!bluetoothAdapter.isEnable()) {    Intent enableIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);    startActivityForResult(enableIntent,REQUEST_ENABLE_BT);}

3.监视Bluetooth打开状态

BroadcastReceiver bluetoothState = new BroadcastReceiver() {    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {    String stateExtra = BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_STATE;       int state = intent.getIntExtra(stateExtra, -1);       switch(state) {    case BluetoothAdapter.STATE_TURNING_ON:        break;    case BluetoothAdapter.STATE_ON:        break;    case BluetoothAdapter.STATE_TURNING_OFF:        break;    case BluetoothAdapter.STATE_OFF:        break;    }    }}registerReceiver(bluetoothState,new IntentFilter(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_STATE_CHANGED));

4.设置本地设备可以被其它设备搜索

Intent discoveryIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_DISCOVERABLE);startActivityForResult(discoveryIntent,REQUEST_DISCOVERY);BroadcastReceiver discovery = new BroadcastReceiver() {    @Override    public void onRecevie(Content context, Intent intent) {        String scanMode = BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_SCAN_MODE;        String preScanMode = BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_PREVIOUS_SCAN_MODE;        int mode = intent.getIntExtra(scanMode);    }}registerReceiver(discovery,new IntentFilter(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_SCAN_MODE_CHANGED);

5.搜索设备
开始搜索 bluetoothAdapter.startDiscovery();
停止搜索 bluetoothAdapter.cancelDiscovery();

当发现一个设备时，系统会发出ACTION_FOUND广播消息，我们可以实现接收这个消息的BroadcastReceiver

BroadcastReceiver deviceFound = new BroadcastReceiver() {    @Override    public void onReceiver(Content content, Intent intent) {        String remoteDeviceName = intent.getStringExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_NAME);        BluetoothDevice remoteDevice = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DEVICE);    }}registerReceiver(deviceFound, new IntentFilter(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_FOUND);

６.连接设备

连接两个蓝牙设备要分别实现服务器端(BluetoothServerSocket）和客户端(BluetoothSocket），这点与J2SE中的

ServerSocket和Socket很类似。

BluetoothServerSocket在服务器端调用方法accept()监听，当有客户端请求到来时,accept()方法返回BluetoothSocket，客户端得到后，两端便可以通信。通过InputStream和OutputStream来实现数据的传输。

accept方法是阻塞的，所以不能放在UI线程中，当用到BluetoothServerSocket和BluetoothSocket时，通常把它们放在各自的新线程中。

三、如何实现
以下是开发中的几个关键步骤：
1）首先开启蓝牙
2）搜索可用设备
3）创建蓝牙socket，获取输入输出流
4）读取和写入数据
5）断开连接关闭蓝牙

1、因为有页面切换，这里我使用了TabHost，但原来的效果不好，没有动画，那只好自己复写了

/** * 带有动画效果的TabHost *  * @Project App_Bluetooth * @Package com.android.bluetooth * @author chenlin * @version 1.0 * @Date 2013年6月2日 * @Note TODO */public class AnimationTabHost extends TabHost {    private int mCurrentTabID = 0;//当前的tabId    private final long mDuration = 400;//动画时间    public AnimationTabHost(Context context) {        this(context, null);    }    public AnimationTabHost(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {        super(context, attrs);    }    /**     * 切换动画     */    @Override    public void setCurrentTab(int index) {        //向右平移         if (index > mCurrentTabID) {            TranslateAnimation translateAnimation = new TranslateAnimation(Animation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF, 0f, Animation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF,                    -1.0f, Animation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF, 0f, Animation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF, 0f);            translateAnimation.setDuration(mDuration);            getCurrentView().startAnimation(translateAnimation);            //向左平移        } else if (index < mCurrentTabID) {            TranslateAnimation translateAnimation = new TranslateAnimation(                    Animation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF, 0f, Animation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF, 1.0f, Animation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF, 0f,                    Animation.RELATIVE_TO_SELF, 0f);            translateAnimation.setDuration(mDuration);            getCurrentView().startAnimation(translateAnimation);        }         super.setCurrentTab(index);        //-----方向平移------------------------------        if (index > mCurrentTabID) {            TranslateAnimation translateAnimation = new TranslateAnimation( //                    Animation.RELATIVE_TO_PARENT, 1.0f,// RELATIVE_TO_SELF                    Animation.RELATIVE_TO_PARENT, 0f, Animation.RELATIVE_TO_PARENT, 0f, Animation.RELATIVE_TO_PARENT, 0f);            translateAnimation.setDuration(mDuration);            getCurrentView().startAnimation(translateAnimation);        } else if (index < mCurrentTabID) {            TranslateAnimation translateAnimation = new TranslateAnimation(                    Animation.RELATIVE_TO_PARENT, -1.0f, Animation.RELATIVE_TO_PARENT, 0f, Animation.RELATIVE_TO_PARENT, 0f,                    Animation.RELATIVE_TO_PARENT, 0f);            translateAnimation.setDuration(mDuration);            getCurrentView().startAnimation(translateAnimation);        }        mCurrentTabID = index;    }}

2、先搭建好主页，使用复写的TabHost滑动，如何滑动，根据状态，有三种状态

/** * 主页 *  * @Project App_Bluetooth * @Package com.android.bluetooth * @author chenlin * @version 1.0 * @Date 2013年6月2日 */@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")public class BluetoothActivity extends TabActivity {    static AnimationTabHost mTabHost;//动画tabhost    static String BlueToothAddress;//蓝牙地址    static Type mType = Type.NONE;//类型    static boolean isOpen = false;    //类型：    enum Type {        NONE, SERVICE, CILENT    };    @Override    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);        setContentView(R.layout.main);        initTab();    }    private void initTab() {        //初始化        mTabHost = (AnimationTabHost) getTabHost();        //添加tab        mTabHost.addTab(mTabHost.newTabSpec("Tab1").setIndicator("设备列表", getResources().getDrawable(android.R.drawable.ic_menu_add))                .setContent(new Intent(this, DeviceActivity.class)));        mTabHost.addTab(mTabHost.newTabSpec("Tab2").setIndicator("会话列表", getResources().getDrawable(android.R.drawable.ic_menu_add))                .setContent(new Intent(this, ChatActivity.class)));        //添加监听        mTabHost.setOnTabChangedListener(new OnTabChangeListener() {            public void onTabChanged(String tabId) {                if (tabId.equals("Tab1")) {                    //TODO                }            }        });        //默认在第一个tabhost上面        mTabHost.setCurrentTab(0);    }    public void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {        Toast.makeText(this, "address:", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();    }}

3、有了主页，就开始分别实现两个列表页面，一个是寻找设备页面DeviceActivity.java，另一个是会话页面ChatActivity.java
1）设备页面DeviceActivity.java

/** * 发现的设备列表 * @Project    App_Bluetooth * @Package    com.android.bluetooth * @author     chenlin * @version    1.0 * @Date       2013年6月2日 * @Note       TODO */public class DeviceActivity extends Activity {    private ListView mListView;    //数据    private ArrayList<DeviceBean> mDatas;    private Button mBtnSearch, mBtnService;    private ChatListAdapter mAdapter;    //蓝牙适配器    private BluetoothAdapter mBtAdapter;    @Override    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);        setContentView(R.layout.devices);        initDatas();        initViews();        registerBroadcast();        init();    }    private void initDatas() {        mDatas = new ArrayList<DeviceBean>();        mAdapter = new ChatListAdapter(this, mDatas);        mBtAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();    }    /**     * 列出所有的蓝牙设备     */    private void init() {        Log.i("tag", "mBtAdapter=="+ mBtAdapter);        //根据适配器得到所有的设备信息        Set<BluetoothDevice> deviceSet = mBtAdapter.getBondedDevices();        if (deviceSet.size() > 0) {            for (BluetoothDevice device : deviceSet) {                mDatas.add(new DeviceBean(device.getName() + "\n" + device.getAddress(), true));                mAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();                mListView.setSelection(mDatas.size() - 1);            }        } else {            mDatas.add(new DeviceBean("没有配对的设备", true));            mAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();            mListView.setSelection(mDatas.size() - 1);        }    }    /**     * 注册广播     */    private void registerBroadcast() {        //设备被发现广播        IntentFilter discoveryFilter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);        this.registerReceiver(mReceiver, discoveryFilter);        // 设备发现完成        IntentFilter foundFilter = new IntentFilter(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED);        this.registerReceiver(mReceiver, foundFilter);    }    /**     * 初始化视图     */    private void initViews() {        mListView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list);        mListView.setAdapter(mAdapter);        mListView.setFastScrollEnabled(true);        mListView.setOnItemClickListener(mDeviceClickListener);        mBtnSearch = (Button) findViewById(R.id.start_seach);        mBtnSearch.setOnClickListener(mSearchListener);        mBtnService = (Button) findViewById(R.id.start_service);        mBtnService.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {            @Override            public void onClick(View arg0) {                BluetoothActivity.mType = Type.SERVICE;                BluetoothActivity.mTabHost.setCurrentTab(1);            }        });    }    /**     * 搜索监听     */    private OnClickListener mSearchListener = new OnClickListener() {        @Override        public void onClick(View arg0) {            if (mBtAdapter.isDiscovering()) {                mBtAdapter.cancelDiscovery();                mBtnSearch.setText("重新搜索");            } else {                mDatas.clear();                mAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();                init();                /* 开始搜索 */                mBtAdapter.startDiscovery();                mBtnSearch.setText("ֹͣ停止搜索");            }        }    };    /**     * 点击设备监听     */    private OnItemClickListener mDeviceClickListener = new OnItemClickListener() {        public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {            DeviceBean bean = mDatas.get(position);            String info = bean.message;            String address = info.substring(info.length() - 17);            BluetoothActivity.BlueToothAddress = address;            AlertDialog.Builder stopDialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(DeviceActivity.this);            stopDialog.setTitle("连接");//标题            stopDialog.setMessage(bean.message);            stopDialog.setPositiveButton("连接", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {                public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {                    mBtAdapter.cancelDiscovery();                    mBtnSearch.setText("重新搜索");                    BluetoothActivity.mType = Type.CILENT;                    BluetoothActivity.mTabHost.setCurrentTab(1);                    dialog.cancel();                }            });            stopDialog.setNegativeButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {                public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {                    BluetoothActivity.BlueToothAddress = null;                    dialog.cancel();                }            });            stopDialog.show();        }    };    /**     * 发现设备广播     */    private final BroadcastReceiver mReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {        @Override        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {            String action = intent.getAction();            if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) {                // 获得设备信息                BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);                // 如果绑定的状态不一样                if (device.getBondState() != BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED) {                    mDatas.add(new DeviceBean(device.getName() + "\n" + device.getAddress(), false));                    mAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();                    mListView.setSelection(mDatas.size() - 1);                }                // 如果搜索完成了            } else if (BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_DISCOVERY_FINISHED.equals(action)) {                setProgressBarIndeterminateVisibility(false);                if (mListView.getCount() == 0) {                    mDatas.add(new DeviceBean("û没有发现蓝牙设备", false));                    mAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();                    mListView.setSelection(mDatas.size() - 1);                }                mBtnSearch.setText("重新搜索");            }        }    };    @Override    public void onStart() {        super.onStart();        if (!mBtAdapter.isEnabled()) {            Intent enableIntent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);            startActivityForResult(enableIntent, 3);        }    }    @Override    protected void onDestroy() {        super.onDestroy();        if (mBtAdapter != null) {            mBtAdapter.cancelDiscovery();        }        this.unregisterReceiver(mReceiver);    }}

2）会话页面ChatActivity.java

/** * 会话界面 *  * @Project App_Bluetooth * @Package com.android.bluetooth * @author chenlin * @version 1.0 * @Date 2013年3月2日 * @Note TODO */public class ChatActivity extends Activity implements OnItemClickListener, OnClickListener {    private static final int STATUS_CONNECT = 0x11;    private ListView mListView;    private ArrayList<DeviceBean> mDatas;    private Button mBtnSend;// 发送按钮    private Button mBtnDisconn;// 断开连接    private EditText mEtMsg;    private DeviceListAdapter mAdapter;    /* 一些常量，代表服务器的名称 */    public static final String PROTOCOL_SCHEME_L2CAP = "btl2cap";    public static final String PROTOCOL_SCHEME_RFCOMM = "btspp";    public static final String PROTOCOL_SCHEME_BT_OBEX = "btgoep";    public static final String PROTOCOL_SCHEME_TCP_OBEX = "tcpobex";    // 蓝牙服务端socket    private BluetoothServerSocket mServerSocket;    // 蓝牙客户端socket    private BluetoothSocket mSocket;    // 设备    private BluetoothDevice mDevice;    private BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter;    // --线程类-----------------    private ServerThread mServerThread;    private ClientThread mClientThread;    private ReadThread mReadThread;    @Override    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);        setContentView(R.layout.chat);        initDatas();        initViews();        initEvents();    }    private void initEvents() {        mListView.setOnItemClickListener(this);        // 发送信息        mBtnSend.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {            @Override            public void onClick(View arg0) {                String text = mEtMsg.getText().toString();                if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(text)) {                    // 发送信息                    sendMessageHandle(text);                    mEtMsg.setText("");                    mEtMsg.clearFocus();                    // 隐藏软键盘                    InputMethodManager manager = (InputMethodManager) getSystemService(Context.INPUT_METHOD_SERVICE);                    manager.hideSoftInputFromWindow(mEtMsg.getWindowToken(), 0);                } else                    Toast.makeText(ChatActivity.this, "发送内容不能为空！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();            }        });        // 关闭会话        mBtnDisconn.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {            @Override            public void onClick(View view) {                if (BluetoothActivity.mType == Type.CILENT) {                    shutdownClient();                } else if (BluetoothActivity.mType == Type.SERVICE) {                    shutdownServer();                }                BluetoothActivity.isOpen = false;                BluetoothActivity.mType = Type.NONE;                Toast.makeText(ChatActivity.this, "已断开连接！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();            }        });    }    private void initViews() {        mListView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list);        mListView.setAdapter(mAdapter);        mListView.setFastScrollEnabled(true);        mEtMsg = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.MessageText);        mEtMsg.clearFocus();        mBtnSend = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_msg_send);        mBtnDisconn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_disconnect);    }    private void initDatas() {        mDatas = new ArrayList<DeviceBean>();        mAdapter = new DeviceListAdapter(this, mDatas);        mBluetoothAdapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();    }    /**     * 信息处理     */    private Handler mHandler = new Handler() {        @Override        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {            String info = (String) msg.obj;            switch (msg.what) {            case STATUS_CONNECT:                Toast.makeText(ChatActivity.this, info, 0).show();                break;            }            if (msg.what == 1) {                mDatas.add(new DeviceBean(info, true));                mAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();                mListView.setSelection(mDatas.size() - 1);            }else {                mDatas.add(new DeviceBean(info, false));                mAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();                mListView.setSelection(mDatas.size() - 1);            }        }    };    @Override    public void onResume() {        super.onResume();        if (BluetoothActivity.isOpen) {            Toast.makeText(this, "连接已经打开，可以通信。如果要再建立连接，请先断开", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();            return;        }        if (BluetoothActivity.mType == Type.CILENT) {            String address = BluetoothActivity.BlueToothAddress;            if (!"".equals(address)) {                mDevice = mBluetoothAdapter.getRemoteDevice(address);                mClientThread = new ClientThread();                mClientThread.start();                BluetoothActivity.isOpen = true;            } else {                Toast.makeText(this, "address is null !", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();            }        } else if (BluetoothActivity.mType == Type.SERVICE) {            mServerThread = new ServerThread();            mServerThread.start();            BluetoothActivity.isOpen = true;        }    }    // 客户端线程    private class ClientThread extends Thread {        public void run() {            try {                mSocket = mDevice.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(UUID.fromString("00001101-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB"));                Message msg = new Message();                msg.obj = "请稍候，正在连接服务器:" + BluetoothActivity.BlueToothAddress;                msg.what = STATUS_CONNECT;                mHandler.sendMessage(msg);                mSocket.connect();                msg = new Message();                msg.obj = "已经连接上服务端！可以发送信息。";                msg.what = STATUS_CONNECT;                mHandler.sendMessage(msg);                // 启动接受数据                mReadThread = new ReadThread();                mReadThread.start();            } catch (IOException e) {                Message msg = new Message();                msg.obj = "连接服务端异常！断开连接重新试一试。";                msg.what = STATUS_CONNECT;                mHandler.sendMessage(msg);            }        }    };    // 开启服务器    private class ServerThread extends Thread {        public void run() {            try {                // 创建一个蓝牙服务器 参数分别：服务器名称、UUID                mServerSocket = mBluetoothAdapter.listenUsingRfcommWithServiceRecord(PROTOCOL_SCHEME_RFCOMM,                        UUID.fromString("00001101-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB"));                Message msg = new Message();                msg.obj = "请稍候，正在等待客户端的连接...";                msg.what = STATUS_CONNECT;                mHandler.sendMessage(msg);                /* 接受客户端的连接请求 */                mSocket = mServerSocket.accept();                msg = new Message();                msg.obj = "客户端已经连接上！可以发送信息。";                msg.what = STATUS_CONNECT;                mHandler.sendMessage(msg);                // 启动接受数据                mReadThread = new ReadThread();                mReadThread.start();            } catch (IOException e) {                e.printStackTrace();            }        }    };    /* 停止服务器 */    private void shutdownServer() {        new Thread() {            public void run() {                if (mServerThread != null) {                    mServerThread.interrupt();                    mServerThread = null;                }                if (mReadThread != null) {                    mReadThread.interrupt();                    mReadThread = null;                }                try {                    if (mSocket != null) {                        mSocket.close();                        mSocket = null;                    }                    if (mServerSocket != null) {                        mServerSocket.close();                        mServerSocket = null;                    }                } catch (IOException e) {                    Log.e("server", "mserverSocket.close()", e);                }            };        }.start();    }    /* ͣ停止客户端连接 */    private void shutdownClient() {        new Thread() {            public void run() {                if (mClientThread != null) {                    mClientThread.interrupt();                    mClientThread = null;                }                if (mReadThread != null) {                    mReadThread.interrupt();                    mReadThread = null;                }                if (mSocket != null) {                    try {                        mSocket.close();                    } catch (IOException e) {                        e.printStackTrace();                    }                    mSocket = null;                }            };        }.start();    }    // 发送数据    private void sendMessageHandle(String msg) {        if (mSocket == null) {            Toast.makeText(this, "没有连接", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();            return;        }        try {            OutputStream os = mSocket.getOutputStream();            os.write(msg.getBytes());            mDatas.add(new DeviceBean(msg, false));            mAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();            mListView.setSelection(mDatas.size() - 1);        } catch (IOException e) {            e.printStackTrace();        }    }    // 读取数据    private class ReadThread extends Thread {        public void run() {            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];            int bytes;            InputStream is = null;            try {                is = mSocket.getInputStream();                while (true) {                    if ((bytes = is.read(buffer)) > 0) {                        byte[] buf_data = new byte[bytes];                        for (int i = 0; i < bytes; i++) {                            buf_data[i] = buffer[i];                        }                        String s = new String(buf_data);                        Message msg = new Message();                        msg.obj = s;                        msg.what = 1;                        mHandler.sendMessage(msg);                    }                }            } catch (IOException e1) {                e1.printStackTrace();            } finally {                try {                    is.close();                } catch (IOException e1) {                    e1.printStackTrace();                }            }        }    }    @Override    public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {    }    @Override    public void onClick(View view) {    }    @Override    protected void onDestroy() {        super.onDestroy();        if (BluetoothActivity.mType == Type.CILENT) {            shutdownClient();        } else if (BluetoothActivity.mType == Type.SERVICE) {            shutdownServer();        }        BluetoothActivity.isOpen = false;        BluetoothActivity.mType = Type.NONE;    }}

三、相关代码下载
链接：http://pan.baidu.com/s/1eSNRvzG 密码：awgv