【Android基础知识】IntentService基本使用

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IntentService

Android中的Service是用于后台服务的,当应用程序被挂到后台的时候,为了保证应用某些组件仍然可以工作而引入了Service这个概念,那么这里面要强调的是Service不是独立的进程,也不是独立的线程,它是依赖于应用程序的主线程的,也就是说,在更多时候不建议在Service中编写耗时的逻辑和操作,否则会引起ANR

 

那么我们当我们编写的耗时逻辑,不得不被service来管理的时候,就需要引入IntentServiceIntentService是继承Service的,那么它包含了Service的全部特性,当然也包含service的生命周期,那么与service不同的是,IntentService在执行onCreate操作的时候,内部开了一个线程,去执行你的耗时操作。

Service中提供了一个方法:

public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {           onStart(intent, startId);           return mStartCompatibility ? START_STICKY_COMPATIBILITY : START_STICKY;       }  

这个方法的具体含义是,当你的需要这个service启动的时候,或者调用这个servcie的时候,那么这个方法首先是要被回调的。

同时IntentService中提供了这么一个方法:

protected abstract void onHandleIntent(Intent intent);  

这是一个抽象方法,也就是说具体的实现需要被延伸到子类。

子类的声明:

public class ChargeService extends IntentService 

上面提到过IntentService是继承Service的,那么这个子类也肯定继承service,那么onHandleIntent()方法是什么时候被调用的呢?让我们具体看IntentService的内部实现:

private final class ServiceHandler extends Handler {          public ServiceHandler(Looper looper) {              super(looper);          }                @Override          public void handleMessage(Message msg) {              onHandleIntent((Intent)msg.obj);              stopSelf(msg.arg1);          }      }            /**      * Creates an IntentService.  Invoked by your subclass's constructor.      *      * @param name Used to name the worker thread, important only for debugging.      */      public IntentService(String name) {          super();          mName = name;      }            /**      * Sets intent redelivery preferences.  Usually called from the constructor      * with your preferred semantics.      *      * <p>If enabled is true,      * {@link #onStartCommand(Intent, int, int)} will return      * {@link Service#START_REDELIVER_INTENT}, so if this process dies before      * {@link #onHandleIntent(Intent)} returns, the process will be restarted      * and the intent redelivered.  If multiple Intents have been sent, only      * the most recent one is guaranteed to be redelivered.      *      * <p>If enabled is false (the default),      * {@link #onStartCommand(Intent, int, int)} will return      * {@link Service#START_NOT_STICKY}, and if the process dies, the Intent      * dies along with it.      */      public void setIntentRedelivery(boolean enabled) {          mRedelivery = enabled;      }            @Override      public void onCreate() {          // TODO: It would be nice to have an option to hold a partial wakelock          // during processing, and to have a static startService(Context, Intent)          // method that would launch the service & hand off a wakelock.                super.onCreate();          HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread("IntentService[" + mName + "]");          thread.start();                mServiceLooper = thread.getLooper();          mServiceHandler = new ServiceHandler(mServiceLooper);      }            @Override      public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId) {          Message msg = mServiceHandler.obtainMessage();          msg.arg1 = startId;          msg.obj = intent;          mServiceHandler.sendMessage(msg);      } 

在这里我们可以清楚的看到其实IntentService在执行onCreate的方法的时候,其实开了一个线程HandlerThread,并获得了当前线程队列管理的looper,并且在onStart的时候,把消息置入了消息队列,

@Override             public void handleMessage(Message msg) {                 onHandleIntent((Intent)msg.obj);                 stopSelf(msg.arg1);             }  

在消息被handler接受并且回调的时候,执行了onHandlerIntent方法,该方法的实现是子类去做的。

 

结论:

IntentService是通过Handler looper message的方式实现了一个多线程的操作,同时耗时操作也可以被这个线程管理和执行,同时不会产生ANR的情况。

例子:两个按钮,一个启动普通Service,一个启动IntentService


TestActivity.java

public class TestActivity extends Activity {private Button  serviceBtn;private Button  intentServiceBtn;    @Override    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);        setContentView(R.layout.activity_test);        serviceBtn = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button1);        intentServiceBtn = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button2);        serviceBtn.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {@Overridepublic void onClick(View v) {// TODO Auto-generated method stubIntent intent = new Intent(TestActivity.this,MyService.class);startService(intent);}});        intentServiceBtn.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {@Overridepublic void onClick(View v) {// TODO Auto-generated method stubIntent intent = new Intent(TestActivity.this,MyIntentService.class);startService(intent);}});    }}
MyService.java

public class MyService extends Service {@Overridepublic IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {// TODO Auto-generated method stubreturn null;}@Overridepublic int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {// TODO Auto-generated method stub//执行耗时任务,可能造成anrlong endTime = System.currentTimeMillis()+20*1000;while(System.currentTimeMillis()<endTime){synchronized(this){try{wait(endTime - System.currentTimeMillis());}catch(Exception e){}}}return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);}}

MyIntentService.java

public class MyIntentService extends IntentService{public MyIntentService() {super("MyIntentService");// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub}@Overrideprotected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) {// TODO Auto-generated method stublong endTime = System.currentTimeMillis()+20*1000;while(System.currentTimeMillis() <endTime){synchronized(this){try{wait(endTime - System.currentTimeMillis());}catch(Exception e){}}}System.out.print("耗时任务完成");}}

AndroidManifest.xml 中注册service组件

<service android:name=".MyService">            </service><service android:name=".MyIntentService">            </service>

结论:普通service会报ANR错误,IntentService执行耗时任务不会阻塞主线程。

文章转自:http://www.jb51.net/article/82867.htm

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