标准C函数库和POSIX函数库的关系
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The C POSIX library is a specification of a C standard library for POSIX systems. It was developed at the same time as the ANSI C standard. Some effort was made to make POSIX compatible with standard C; POSIX includes additional functions to those introduced in standard C.
一言以蔽之:POSIX库函数是C标准库函数的超集。
1 标准C库
<assert.h> Contains the assert macro, used to assist with detecting logical errors and other types of bug in debugging versions of a program.<complex.h> C99 A set of functions for manipulating complex numbers.<ctype.h> Defines set of functions used to classify characters by their types or to convert between upper and lower case in a way that is independent of the used character set (typically ASCII or one of its extensions, although implementations utilizing EBCDIC are also known).<errno.h> For testing error codes reported by library functions.<fenv.h> C99 Defines a set of functions for controlling floating-point environment.<float.h> Defines macro constants specifying the implementation-specific properties of the floating-point library.<inttypes.h> C99 Defines exact width integer types.<iso646.h> NA1 Defines several macros that implement alternative ways to express several standard tokens. For programming in ISO 646 variant character sets.<limits.h> Defines macro constants specifying the implementation-specific properties of the integer types.<locale.h> Defines localization functions.<math.h> Defines common mathematical functions.<setjmp.h> Declares the macros setjmp and longjmp, which are used for non-local exits.<signal.h> Defines signal handling functions.<stdalign.h> C11 For querying and specifying the alignment of objects.<stdarg.h> For accessing a varying number of arguments passed to functions.<stdatomic.h> C11 For atomic operations on data shared between threads.<stdbool.h> C99 Defines a boolean data type.<stddef.h> Defines several useful types and macros.<stdint.h> C99 Defines exact width integer types.<stdio.h> Defines core input and output functions<stdlib.h> Defines numeric conversion functions, pseudo-random numbers generation functions, memory allocation, process control functions<stdnoreturn.h> C11 For specifying non-returning functions.<string.h> Defines string handling functions.<tgmath.h> C99 Defines type-generic mathematical functions.<threads.h> C11 Defines functions for managing multiple Threads as well as mutexes and condition variables.<time.h> Defines date and time handling functions<uchar.h> C11 Types and functions for manipulating Unicode characters.<wchar.h> NA1 Defines wide string handling functions.<wctype.h> NA1 Defines set of functions used to classify wide characters by their types or to convert between upper and lower case
2 POSIX库(标准C库除外)
<aio.h> Asynchronous input and output Issue 5<arpa/inet.h> Functions for manipulating numeric IP addresses (part of Berkeley sockets) Issue 6<assert.h> Verify assumptions ??<complex.h> Complex Arithmetic, see C mathematical functions ??<cpio.h> Magic numbers for the cpio archive format Issue 3<dirent.h> Allows the opening and listing of directories Issue 2<dlfcn.h> Dynamic linking Issue 5<errno.h> Retrieving Error Number ??<fcntl.h> File opening, locking and other operations Issue 1<fenv.h> Floating-Point Environment (FPE), see C mathematical functions ??<float.h> Floating-point types, see C data types ??<fmtmsg.h> Message display structures Issue 4<fnmatch.h> Filename matching Issue 4<ftw.h> File tree traversal Issue 1<glob.h> Pathname "globbing" (pattern-matching) Issue 4<grp.h> User group information and control Issue 1<iconv.h> Codeset conversion facility Issue 4<inttypes.h> Fixed sized integer types, see C data types ??<iso646.h> Alternative spellings, see C alternative tokens ??<langinfo.h> Language information constants – builds on C localization functions Issue 2<libgen.h> Pathname manipulation Issue 4<limits.h> Implementation-defined constants, see C data types ??<locale.h> Category macros, see C localization functions ??<math.h> Mathematical declarations, see C mathematical functions ??<monetary.h> String formatting of monetary units Issue 4<mqueue.h> Message queue Issue 5<ndbm.h> NDBM database operations Issue 4<net/if.h> Listing of local network interfaces Issue 6<netdb.h> Translating protocol and host names into numeric addresses (part of Berkeley sockets) Issue 6<netinet/in.h> Defines Internet protocol and address family (part of Berkeley sockets) Issue 6<netinet/tcp.h> Additional TCP control options (part of Berkeley sockets) Issue 6<nl_types.h> Localization message catalog functions Issue 2<poll.h> Asynchronous file descriptor multiplexing Issue 4<pthread.h> Defines an API for creating and manipulating POSIX threads Issue 5<pwd.h> passwd (user information) access and control Issue 1<regex.h> Regular expression matching Issue 4<sched.h> Execution scheduling Issue 5<search.h> Search tables Issue 1<semaphore.h> POSIX semaphores Issue 5<setjmp.h> Stack environment declarations ??<signal.h> Signals, see C signal handling ??<spawn.h> Process spawning Issue 6<stdarg.h> Handle Variable Argument List ??<stdbool.h> Boolean type and values, see C data types ??<stddef.h> Standard type definitions, see C data types ??<stdint.h> Integer types, see C data types ??<stdio.h> Standard buffered input/output, see C file input/output ??<stdlib.h> Standard library definitions, see C standard library ??<string.h> Several String Operations, see C string handling ??<strings.h> Case-insensitive string comparisons Issue 4<stropts.h> Stream manipulation, including ioctl Issue 4<sys/ipc.h> Inter-process communication (IPC) Issue 2<sys/mman.h> Memory management, including POSIX shared memory and memory mapped files Issue 4<sys/msg.h> POSIX message queues Issue 2<sys/resource.h> Resource usage, priorities, and limiting Issue 4<sys/select.h> Synchronous I/O multiplexing Issue 6<sys/sem.h> XSI (SysV style) semaphores Issue 2<sys/shm.h> XSI (SysV style) shared memory Issue 2<sys/socket.h> Main Berkley sockets header Issue 6<sys/stat.h> File information (stat et al.) Issue 1<sys/statvfs.h> File System information Issue 4<sys/time.h> Time and date functions and structures Issue 4<sys/times.h> File access and modification times Issue 1<sys/types.h> Various data types used elsewhere Issue 1<sys/uio.h> Vectored I/O operations Issue 4<sys/un.h> Unix domain sockets Issue 6<sys/utsname.h> Operating system information, including uname Issue 1<sys/wait.h> Status of terminated child processes (see wait) Issue 3<syslog.h> System error logging Issue 4<tar.h> Magic numbers for the tar archive format Issue 3<termios.h> Allows terminal I/O interfaces Issue 3<tgmath.h> Type-Generic Macros, see C mathematical functions ??<time.h> Type-Generic Macros, see C date and time functions ??<trace.h> Tracing of runtime behavior (DEPRECATED) Issue 6<ulimit.h> Resource limiting (DEPRECATED in favor of <sys/resource.h>) Issue 1<unistd.h> Various essential POSIX functions and constants Issue 1<utime.h> inode access and modification times Issue 3<utmpx.h> User accounting database functions Issue 4<wchar.h> Wide-Character Handling, see C string handling ??<wctype.h> Wide-Character Classification and Mapping Utilities, see C character classification ??<wordexp.h> Word-expansion like the shell would perform
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