AngularJS 神奇的表单

来源:互联网 发布:知乎上海花卉种植基地 编辑:程序博客网 时间:2024/06/05 06:12

Angular 可使用指令无缝地增强标准表单元素的功能,我们将讨论它的优点,包括
数据绑定、建立模型属性、验证表单、验证表单后反馈信息、表单指令属性
下面我们通过案例验证他们的用法:
一、双向数据绑定(ng-model)和建立模型属性

<!DOCTYPE><!-- use module --><html ng-app="exampleApp"><head>    <title>Angular Directive</title>    <meta charset="utf-8"/>    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/bootstrap.min.css">    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/bootstrap-theme.min.css"></head><body><!-- 案例:双向数据绑定 --><div class="panel" ng-controller="defaultCtrl">    <!-- 过滤complete为false的项 -->    <h3 class="panel-header">To Do List<span class="label label-info">{{(todos | filter : {complete : 'false'}).length}}</span></h3>    <div class="row-fluid">        <div class="col-xs-6">            <div class="form-group row">                <label for="action">Action: </label>                <!-- ng-model 双向绑定 -->                <!-- 双向数据绑定:数据模型(Module)和视图(View)之间的双向绑定。 -->                <!-- 当其中一方发送更替后,另一个也发生变化 -->                <input type="text" id="action" ng-model="newToDo.action" class="form-control">            </div>            <div class="form-group row">                <label for="location">Location: </label>                <select id="location" class="form-control" ng-model="newToDo.location">                    <option>Home</option>                    <option>Office</option>                    <option>Mall</option>                </select>            </div>            <!-- ng-click点击Add添加项目 -->            <button class="btn btn-primary btn-block" ng-click="addNewItem(newToDo)">Add</button>        </div>        <div class="col-xs-6">            <table class="table table-bordered table-striped">                <thead>                    <tr><th>#</th><th>Action</th><th>Done</th></tr>                </thead>                <tbody>                    <tr ng-repeat="item in todos">                        <!-- $index默认为0,递增 -->                        <td>{{$index + 1}}</td>                        <td>{{item.action}}</td>                        <td>                            <input type="checkbox"  ng-model="item.complete"/>                        </td>                    </tr>                </tbody>            </table>        </div>    </div></div><script type="text/javascript" src="js/angular.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">// define a module named exampleAppangular.module("exampleApp", [])    // define a controller named defaultCtrl    .controller('defaultCtrl', function ($scope) {        // 数据模型        $scope.todos = [            { action : "play ball", complete : false },            { action : "singing", complete : false },            { action : "running", complete : true },            { action : "dance", complete : true },            { action : "swimming", complete : false },            { action : "eating", complete : false },        ];        // 添加数据到模型        $scope.addNewItem = function (newItem) {            // 判断是否存在            if (angular.isDefined(newItem) && angular.isDefined(newItem.action) && angular.isDefined(newItem.location)) {                $scope.todos.push({                    action : newItem.action + " (" + newItem.location + ")",                    complete : false                })            }        }    })</script></body></html>

首先定义了数据模型scope.todosaddNewItem()使ngmodelactionlocationscope.todos进行绑定,
最后通过ng-click点击属性触发添加数据到模型的addNewItem()方法完成操作
这里写图片描述

二、验证表单
在我们提交表单到服务器之前,我们需要来检测一下用户提交的数据是否存在或者是说合法,否则提交无用的数据会浪费资源。

<!DOCTYPE><!-- use module --><html ng-app="exampleApp"><head>    <title>Angular Directive</title>    <meta charset="utf-8"/>    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/bootstrap.min.css">    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/bootstrap-theme.min.css">    <style>    </style></head><body><div id="todoPanel" class="panel" ng-controller="defaultCtrl">    <!-- novalidate表示抛弃浏览器自带的表单验证,用NG自己的验证 -->    <!-- ng-submit="addUser(newUser) 当表单数据合法时,提交数据到模型 -->    <form name="myForm" novalidate ng-submit="addUser(newUser)">        <div class="well">            <div class="form-group">                <label>Name:</label>                <!-- required 表该表单必填  -->                <!-- ng-model="newUser.name" 双向数据绑定 -->                <input name="userName" type="text" class="form-control" required ng-model="newUser.name">            </div>            <div class="form-group">                <label>Email:</label>                <input name="userEmail" type="email" class="form-control"required ng-model="newUser.email">            </div>                <div class="checkbox">                    <label>                    <input name="agreed" type="checkbox"ng-model="newUser.agreed" required>                        I agree to the terms and conditions                    </label>                </div>                <!-- g-disabled="myForm.$invalid" 当前面填写表单中的任意一项不合法时,该提交按钮都是不可用的 -->                <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary btn-block" ng-disabled="myForm.$invalid">                OK                </button>        </div>        <div class="well">            Message: {{message}}            <div>                Valid: {{myForm.$valid}}            </div>        </div>    </form></div><script type="text/javascript" src="js/angular.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">angular.module("exampleApp", [])    .controller("defaultCtrl", function ($scope) {    // 添加用户数据到模型$scope.message    $scope.addUser = function (userDetails) {        $scope.message = userDetails.name        + " (" + userDetails.email + ") (" + userDetails.agreed + ")";    }    // 显示验证前后的结果    $scope.message = "Ready";});</script></body></html>

首先定义了数据模型scope.messageaddUser()validatenamengsubmit使ngmodelactionlocationscope.todos进行绑定,且使用验证属性required和email表单
之后对提交按钮进行禁用,仅当表单数据全部合法才能用,不合法都禁用(ng-disabled=”myForm.$invalid”)
最后通过ng-submit属性提交数据到模型的addUser()方法完成操作
这里写图片描述

三、表单验证反馈信息
我们仅仅对表单进行验证是远远不够的,因为用户不知道为什么出错而感到困惑,因此我们需要反馈信息给用户,让他们明白该填写什么
先介绍一下NG中要验证的类

ng-pristine     用户没交互元素被添加到这个类ng-dirty        用户交互过元素被添加到这个类ng-valid        验证结果有效元素被添加到这个类ng-invalid      验证结果无效元素被添加到这个类
<!DOCTYPE><!-- use module --><html ng-app="exampleApp"><head>    <title>Angular Directive</title>    <meta charset="utf-8"/>    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/bootstrap.min.css">    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/bootstrap-theme.min.css">    <style>        /*交互且必填样式*/        form.validate .ng-invalid-required.ng-dirty {            background-color: orange;        }               /*交互不合法样式*/        form .ng-invalid.ng-dirty {            background-color: lightpink;        }        /*邮件不合法且交互过*/        form.validate .ng-invalid-email.ng-dirty {            background-color: lightgoldenrodyellow;        }        div.error{            color: red;            font-weight: bold;        }        div.summary.ng-valid{            color: green;            font-weight: bold;        }        div.summary.ng-invalid{            color: red;            font-weight: bold;        }    </style></head><body><!-- 案例:双向数据绑定 --><div class="panel" ng-controller="defaultCtrl">    <!-- novalidate="novalidate" 仅仅NG表单验证 -->    <!-- ng-submit="addUser(newUser)" 添加数据到模型 -->    <!-- ng-class="showValidation ? 'validate' : '' 当验证合法,showValidation为true,这是触发ng-class为validate -->    <form name="myForm" class="well" novalidate="novalidate" ng-submit="addUser(newUser)" ng-class="showValidation ? 'validate' : ''">    <div class="form-group">        <div class=" form-group">            <label>Email: </label>            <input name="email" type="email" class="form-control" required="required" ng-model="newUser.email">            <!-- 验证提示信息 -->            <div class="error">                <!-- 显示反馈信息 -->                <span ng-class="error" ng-show="showValidation">                    {{getError(myForm.email.$error)}}                </span>            </div>        </div>        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary btn-block" >OK</button>        <div class="well">            Message : {{message}}            <!-- 当myForm.$valid验证合法,showValidation为true,这是触发ng-class为ng-valid,否则,ng-invalid -->            <div class="summary" ng-class="myForm.$valid ? 'ng-valid' : 'ng-invalid'" >                Valid : {{myForm.$valid}}            </div>        </div>    </form></div><script type="text/javascript" src="js/angular.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">// define a module named exampleAppangular.module("exampleApp", [])    // define a controller named defaultCtrl    .controller('defaultCtrl', function ($scope) {        // 添加数据到模型        $scope.addUser = function (userDetails) {            if (myForm.$valid) {                $scope.message = userDetails.name + " (" + userDetails.email + ") (" + userDetails.agreed + ")";             } else {                $scope.showValidation = true;            }        }        // 数据模型        $scope.message = "Ready";        // 错误反馈信息        // 当没有填写信息时,提示Please enter a value        // 当验证出错时,提示Please enter a valid email address        $scope.getError = function (error) {            if (angular.isDefined(error)) {                if (error.required) {                    return "Please enter a value";                } else if (error.email) {                    return "Please enter a valid email address";                }            }        }    })</script></body></html>

首先在style中定义反馈信息的样式、表单验证的样式
接着在JS中写入错误时反馈的信息
最后在视图中绑定ng-class
这里写图片描述

四、表单指令属性
1.使用input元素

<!DOCTYPE><!-- use module --><html ng-app="exampleApp"><head>    <title>Angular Directive</title>    <meta charset="utf-8"/>    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/bootstrap.min.css">    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/bootstrap-theme.min.css">    <style>    </style></head><body><div class="panel" id="todoPanel" ng-controller="defaultCtrl">    <form name="myForm" novalidate="novalidate">        <div class="well">            <div class="form-group">                <label>Text: </label>                <!-- ng-required="requireValue" 通过数据绑定required值 -->                <!-- ng-minlength="3" ng-maxlength="10" 允许最大最小字符-->                <!-- ng-pattern="matchPattern" 正则匹配 -->                <input name="sample" class="form-control" ng-model="inputValue" ng-required="requireValue" ng-minlength="3"                ng-maxlength="10" ng-pattern="matchPattern">            </div>        </div>        <div class="well">            <!-- 必填 -->            <p>Required Error: {{myForm.sample.$error.required}}</p>            <!-- 最小最大长度 -->            <p>Min Length Error: {{myForm.sample.$error.minlength}}</p>            <p>Max Length Error: {{myForm.sample.$error.maxlength}}</p>            <!-- 只匹配小写字母 -->            <p>Pattern Error: {{myForm.sample.$error.pattern}}</p>            <!-- 验证合法 -->            <p>Element Valid: {{myForm.sample.$valid}}</p>        </div>    </form></div><script type="text/javascript" src="js/angular.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">// define a module named exampleAppangular.module("exampleApp", [])    // define a controller named defaultCtrl    .controller('defaultCtrl', function ($scope) {        $scope.requireValue = true;        $scope.matchPattern = new RegExp("^[a-z]");    })</script></body></html>

这里写图片描述
2.选择列表

<!DOCTYPE><!-- use module --><html ng-app="exampleApp"><head>    <title>Angular Directive</title>    <meta charset="utf-8"/>    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/bootstrap.min.css">    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/bootstrap-theme.min.css">    <style>    </style></head><body><div class="panel" id="todoPanel" ng-controller="defaultCtrl">    <form name="myForm" novalidate="novalidate">        <div class="well">            <div class="form-group">                <label>Selection an action: </label>                <!-- 遍历列表 按照item.place排序 item.id as item.action 改变选项值-->                <!-- ng-options="item.id as item.action group by item.place for item in todos" -->                <select ng-model="selectValue" ng-options="item.id as item.action group by item.place for item in todos">                    <option value="" class="">(Pick One)</option>                </select>            </div>        </div>        <div class="well">            <p>Selected: {{selectValue || "None"}}</p>        </div>    </form></div><script type="text/javascript" src="js/angular.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">// define a module named exampleAppangular.module("exampleApp", [])    // define a controller named defaultCtrl    .controller('defaultCtrl', function ($scope) {        // 模型数据        $scope.todos = [            { id : 100, place : "School", action : "play ball", complete : false },            { id : 200, place : "Home", action : "eating", complete : false },            { id : 300, place : "Home", action : "watch TV", complete : true }        ];    })</script></body></html>

这里写图片描述

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