iOS中NSBundle的介绍
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bundle是一个目录,其中包含了程序会使用到的资源.这些资源包含了如图像,声音,编译好的代码,nib文件(用户也会把bundle称为plug-in).对应bundle,cocoa提供了类NSBundle.
我们的程序是一个bundle. 在Finder中,一个应用程序看上去和其他文件没有什么区别.但是实际上它是一个包含了nib文件,编译代码,以及其他资源的目录. 我们把这个目录叫做程序的main bundle
bundle中的有些资源可以本地化.例如,对于foo.nib,我们可以有两个版本: 一个针对英语用户,一个针对法语用户.在bundle中就会有两个子目录:English.lproj和French.lproj,我们把各自版本的foo.nib文件放到其中.当程序需要加载foo.nib文件时,bundle会自动根据所设置的语言来加载. 我们会在16章再详细讨论本地化
通过使用下面的方法得到程序的main bundle
NSBundle *myBundle = [NSBundle mainBundle];
一般我们通过这种方法来得到bundle.如果你需要其他目录的资源,可以指定路径来取得bundle
NSBundle *goodBundle;
goodBundle = [NSBundle bundleWithPath:@"~/.myApp/Good.bundle"];
一旦我们有了NSBundle 对象,那么就可以访问其中的资源了
// Extension is optional
NSString *path = [goodBundlepathForImageResource:@"Mom"];
NSImage *momPhoto = [[NSImage alloc]initWithContentsOfFile:path];
bundle中可以包含一个库. 如果我们从库得到一个class, bundle会连接库,并查找该类:
Class newClass = [goodBundle classNamed:@"Rover"];
id newInstance = [[newClass alloc] init];
如果不知到class名,也可以通过查找主要类来取得
Class aClass = [goodBundle principalClass];
id anInstance = [[aClass alloc] init];
可以看到, NSBundle有很多的用途.在这当中, NSBundle负责(在后台)加载nib文件.我们也可以不通过NSWindowController来加载nib文件, 直接使用NSBundle:
BOOL successful = [NSBundle loadNibNamed:@"About"owner:someObject];
注意噢, 我们指定了一个对象someObject作为nib的File's Owner
使用initWithContentsOfFile时,文件路径的写法使用initWithContentsOfFile方法可以通过读取一个文件的内容来初始化对象。 但文件的路径应该怎么确定呢?可以使用
NSBundle
的对象来获取。例如当前程序所在目录下有个文件re.xml,我们要将该文件的内容做为
NSData
的数据源来初始化一个
NSData
对象,可以用下面的方法来实现:
NSString
*filePath = [[
NSBundle
mainBundle] pathForResouse:@
"re"
ofType:@
"xml"
];
NSData
*data = [[
NSData
alloc]initWithContentsOfFile:filePath];
读取plist中的内容:
NSString
*dataPath = [[
NSBundle
mainBundle] pathForResource:@
"Data"
ofType:@
"plist"
];
self
.data= [
NSArray
arrayWithContentsOfFile:dataPath];
删除本地文件
NSString
* thePath=[
self
getUserDocumentDirectoryPath];
NSMutableString
* fullPath=[[[
NSMutableString
alloc]init]autorelease];
[fullPathappendString:thePath];
NSString
* idString=[idArrayobjectAtIndex:indexPath.row];
NSString
* coverName=[
NSString
stringWithFormat:@
"/%@.jpg"
,idString];
[fullPathappendString:coverName];
NSFileManager
*defaultManager;
defaultManager= [
NSFileManager
defaultManager];
-(
BOOL
)removeItemAtPath:(
NSString
*)path error:(
NSError
**)error
BOOL
boolValue=[defaultManager removeItemAtPath: fullPatherror:
nil
];
if
(boolValue) {
NSLog
(@
"remove cover image ok"
);
}
-(
NSString
*)getUserDocumentDirectoryPath {
NSArray
*array =
NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains
(
NSDocumentDirectory
,
NSUserDomainMask
,
YES
);
if
([arraycount])
return
[array objectAtIndex: 0];
else
return
@
""
;
}
NSLog(@"输出ios应用发布后 .app 应用包(文件) 的详细信息。。。。。%@",[[NSBundle mainBundle] infoDictionary]);
{
BuildMachineOSBuild = 15F34;
CFBundleDevelopmentRegion = "zh_CN";
CFBundleDisplayName = "\U533b\U8054\U5929\U4e0b";
CFBundleExecutable = HRShealth;
CFBundleIcons = {
CFBundlePrimaryIcon = {
CFBundleIconFiles = (
AppIcon29x29,
AppIcon40x40,
AppIcon57x57,
AppIcon60x60
);
};
};
CFBundleIdentifier = "com.healthmanage.yltx";
CFBundleInfoDictionaryVersion = "6.0";
CFBundleInfoPlistURL = "Info.plist -- file:///Users/healthmanage/Library/Developer/CoreSimulator/Devices/8F75D5BA-C298-4C69-9179-5E61C859E7B2/data/Containers/Bundle/Application/B336F6B0-DFBC-4DEB-A271-62D5728BD559/HRShealth.app/";
CFBundleName = HRShealth;
CFBundleNumericVersion = 16875520;
CFBundlePackageType = APPL;
CFBundleShortVersionString = "1.0.3";
CFBundleSignature = "????";
CFBundleSupportedPlatforms = (
iPhoneSimulator
);
CFBundleURLTypes = (
{
CFBundleTypeRole = Editor;
CFBundleURLSchemes = (
alisdkhrs
);
}
);
CFBundleVersion = "1.0.1";
DTCompiler = "com.apple.compilers.llvm.clang.1_0";
DTPlatformBuild = "";
DTPlatformName = iphonesimulator;
DTPlatformVersion = "9.3";
DTSDKBuild = 13E230;
DTSDKName = "iphonesimulator9.3";
DTXcode = 0731;
DTXcodeBuild = 7D1014;
LSRequiresIPhoneOS = 1;
MinimumOSVersion = "8.0";
NSAppTransportSecurity = {
NSAllowsArbitraryLoads = 1;
};
UIDeviceFamily = (
1
);
UILaunchImages = (
{
UILaunchImageMinimumOSVersion = "8.0";
UILaunchImageName = "Brand Assets-800-Portrait-736h";
UILaunchImageOrientation = Portrait;
UILaunchImageSize = "{414, 736}";
},
{
UILaunchImageMinimumOSVersion = "8.0";
UILaunchImageName = "Brand Assets-800-Landscape-736h";
UILaunchImageOrientation = Landscape;
UILaunchImageSize = "{414, 736}";
},
{
UILaunchImageMinimumOSVersion = "8.0";
UILaunchImageName = "Brand Assets-800-667h";
UILaunchImageOrientation = Portrait;
UILaunchImageSize = "{375, 667}";
},
{
UILaunchImageMinimumOSVersion = "7.0";
UILaunchImageName = "Brand Assets-700";
UILaunchImageOrientation = Portrait;
UILaunchImageSize = "{320, 480}";
},
{
UILaunchImageMinimumOSVersion = "7.0";
UILaunchImageName = "Brand Assets-700-568h";
UILaunchImageOrientation = Portrait;
UILaunchImageSize = "{320, 568}";
}
);
UILaunchStoryboardName = LaunchScreen;
UIMainStoryboardFile = Main;
UIRequiredDeviceCapabilities = (
armv7
);
UIStatusBarStyle = UIStatusBarStyleLightContent;
UISupportedInterfaceOrientations = (
UIInterfaceOrientationPortrait,
UIInterfaceOrientationLandscapeLeft,
UIInterfaceOrientationLandscapeRight
);
UIViewControllerBasedStatusBarAppearance = 0;
}
1.获取app的info.plist详细信息
版本号:Bundle version
NSString *version = [[[NSBundle mainBundle] infoDictionary] objectForKey:@"CFBundleVersion"];
应用标识:Bundle identifier
NSString *bundleId = [[[NSBundle mainBundle] infoDictionary] objectForKey:@"CFBundleIdentifier"];
应用名称:Bundle display name
NSString *appName = [[NSBundle mainBundle] objectForInfoDictionaryKey:@"CFBundleDisplayName"];
Bundle name
NSString *appName = [[NSBundle mainBundle] objectForInfoDictionaryKey:@"CFBundleName"];
2.应用程序语言本地化
app本地化宏
#define XLocalizedString(key, comment) [[NSBundle mainBundle] localizedStringForKey:(key) value:@"" table:nil]
中英文两个Localizable.strings文件中键值对,例如
"none" = "确定";
"none" = "none";
宏的用法:(返回NSString *)
localizedString("none", "这是注释")
3.获取包内文件路径和文件
获取app包路径
NSString *path = [[NSBundle mainBundle] bundlePath];
app资源目录路径
NSString *resPath = [[NSBundle mainBundle] resourcePath];
获取资源目录下a.bundle
NSString* path = [resPath stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"a.bundle"];NSBundle *bundle = [NSBundle bundleWithPath:path];
获取app包的readme.txt文件路径
NSString *path = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"readme" ofType:@"txt"];
一旦我们有了bundle,就可以访问其中的资源文件了。NSString path = [otherBundle pathForImageResource:@"img"];NSImage img = [[NSImage alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:path];//bundle中可以包含一个库. 如果我们从库得到一个class, bundle会连接库,并查找该类:Class newClass = [otherBundle classNamed:@"Person"];id person = [[newClass alloc] init];//如果不知到class名,也可以通过查找主要类来取得Class aClass = [otherBundle principalClass];id classInstance = [[aClass alloc] init];//可以看到, NSBundle有很多的用途.在这章中, NSBundle负责(在后台)加载nib文件. 我们也可以不通过NSWindowController来加载nib文件, 直接使用NSBundle:BOOL flag = [NSBundle loadNibNamed:@"ViewController" owner:someObject];//注意噢, 我们指定了一个对象someObject作为nib的File”s Owner获取XML文件
NSString *filePath = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResouse:@"re" ofType:@"xml"];
NSData *data = [[NSData alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:filePath];获取属性列表
NSDictionary *dict = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithContentsOfFile:[[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"ViewControllers" ofType:@"plist"]];
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