Android组件(Broadcast Receiver)
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1.BroadcastReceiver定义
2.BroadcastReceiver作用(能干嘛?)
3.BroadcastReceiver两种注册方式
4.BroadcastReceiver分类及对比
5.BroadcastReceiver发送与接收
6.常用的系统广播
2.BroadcastReceiver定义:
BroadcastReceiver(广播接收者),相当于人的“耳朵”,听别人说话,然后我们做出响应,那么话由谁来传递呢,那就是Intent(android信使)
它相当于我们说话声音的传播媒介。
3.BroadcastReceiver作用(能干嘛?)
明白了它的定义,当然作用我相信大家也知道了,它的作用主要是接受系统以及其他应用发的广播,然后应用做出相应的响应(例如:
电量低广播,开机启动广播,网络状态广播 等等)
4.BroadcastReceiver两种注册方式
4.1 静态注册(xml注册)
4.1.1 发送广播类(MainActivity.java)
package com.eandy.staticbroadcastreceiver;import android.annotation.SuppressLint;import android.app.Activity;import android.content.Intent;import android.os.Bundle;import android.util.Log;import android.view.View;import android.view.View.OnClickListener;import android.widget.Button;import android.widget.Toast;public class MainActivity extends Activity {Button send;@Overrideprotected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);send = (Button) findViewById(R.id.send);// 设置按钮监听send.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {@SuppressLint("ShowToast")@Overridepublic void onClick(View v) {// 调用send()函数发送广播send();Log.i("click", "button clicked");}});}private void send() {// 采用隐式Intent发送广播()Intent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.BROADCAST");intent.putExtra("broadcast", "Hello! I'm a broadcast,Did you receive?");// 发送广播sendBroadcast(intent);}}
4.1.2 接收广播类(MyStaticBroadcastReceiver.java)
package com.eandy.staticbroadcastreceiver;import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;import android.content.Context;import android.content.Intent;import android.util.Log;public class MyStaticBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {/* * onReceive()方法实现接收广播操作 */@Overridepublic void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {// 获取广播数据String data = intent.getStringExtra("broadcast");// 打印到LOGCATLog.i("MyStaticBroadcastReceiver", "MyStaticBroadcastReceiver-->"+ data);}}
4.1.3 广播注册(Manifest.xml)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="com.eandy.staticbroadcastreceiver" android:versionCode="1" android:versionName="1.0" > <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="14" android:targetSdkVersion="14" /> <application android:allowBackup="true" android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher" android:label="@string/app_name" android:theme="@style/AppTheme" > <activity android:name=".MainActivity" android:label="@string/app_name" > <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity> <receiver android:name=".MyStaticBroadcastReceiver" > <intent-filter> <!-- 匹配隐式intent的action --> <action android:name="android.intent.action.BROADCAST" /> <!-- 匹配隐式intent启动 --> <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" /> </intent-filter> </receiver>> </application></manifest>
4.1.4 截图
4.2 动态注册(代码注册)
4.2.1 发送广播类
package com.andy.dynamicbroadcastreceiver;import android.app.Activity;import android.content.Intent;import android.content.IntentFilter;import android.os.Bundle;import android.view.View;import android.view.View.OnClickListener;import android.widget.Button;import android.widget.Toast;public class MainActivity extends Activity {Button send;@Overrideprotected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);send = (Button) findViewById(R.id.send);//注册动态BroadcastReceiverMyDynamicBroadcastReceiver receiver= new MyDynamicBroadcastReceiver();IntentFilter filter =new IntentFilter("android.intent.action.BROADCAST");registerReceiver(receiver, filter);// 设置按钮监听send.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {@Overridepublic void onClick(View v) {// 调用send()函数发送广播send();}});}private void send() {// 采用隐式Intent发送广播()Intent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.BROADCAST");intent.putExtra("broadcast", "Hello! I'm a broadcast,Did you receive?");// 发送广播sendBroadcast(intent);}}
4.2.2 接收广播类
package com.andy.dynamicbroadcastreceiver;import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;import android.content.Context;import android.content.Intent;import android.util.Log;public class MyDynamicBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver { /* * onReceive()方法实现接收广播操作 */ @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { // 获取广播数据 String data = intent.getStringExtra("broadcast"); // 打印到LOGCAT Log.i("MyDynamicBroadcastReceiver", "MyDynamicBroadcastReceiver-->" + data); }}
4.2.2 截图
静态注册即使程序没有运行也能收到广播并进行相应处理,而动态注册只有在程序运行的时候才能收到广播
5.BroadcastReceiver分类及对比
5.1 普通广播
5.1.1 定义:所有广播平等,无先后顺序,并不会给谁优待,同时收到广播。(注意:普通广播中所有接收者无法干涉其他
接收者时候接收广播,也就是无法中断其他接收者接收广播)
5.2 有序广播
5.2.1 定义:接收者有优先级,关系好(优先级高)先收到,同时是一个传递过程,第一个传递给第二个以此类推。(注意:在传递过程中
前面的接收者可修改甚至中断广播,阻止后面的接收者接收广播)
5.3 有序与普通广播区别案例
5.3.1 MainActivity.java
package com.andy.normalandorderedbroadcasts;import android.app.Activity;import android.content.Intent;import android.os.Bundle;import android.util.Log;import android.view.View;import android.view.View.OnClickListener;import android.widget.Button;public class MainActivity extends Activity {Button normalButton;Button orderedButton;@Overrideprotected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);// 绑定buttonnormalButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.normalButton);orderedButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.orderedButton);// 设置normalButton监听normalButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {@Overridepublic void onClick(View v) {send(v);}});// 设置orderedButton事件监听orderedButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {@Overridepublic void onClick(View v) {send(v);}});}/* * 点击发送广播方法 */public void send(View v) {switch (v.getId()) {case R.id.normalButton:// 声明初始化IntentIntent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.MY_NORMAL_BROADCAST");// 添加额外传输数据intent.putExtra("data", "hello I'm a normal broadcast");// 发送广播sendBroadcast(intent);Log.i("MY_NORMAL_BROADCAST", "send a normal broadcast");break;case R.id.orderedButton:// 声明初始化IntentIntent intent1 = new Intent("android.intent.action.MY_ORDERED_BROADCAST");// 添加额外传输数据intent1.putExtra("msg", "hello I'm a ordered broadcast");// 发送广播 第二个参数是manifest.xml文件中定义的权限,定义在发送广播的manifest.xml中sendOrderedBroadcast(intent1, "andy.permission.MY_ORDERED_BROADCAST");Log.i("MY_ORDERED_BROADCAST", "send a ordered broadcast");break;default:break;}}}5.3.2 FirstNormalRecevier.java
package com.andy.normalandorderedbroadcasts.normalbroadcastrecevier;import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;import android.content.Context;import android.content.Intent;import android.util.Log;public class FirstNormalRecevier extends BroadcastReceiver {@Overridepublic void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {//获得intent数据String data =intent.getStringExtra("data");Log.i("MY_NORMAL_BROADCAST", "FirstNormalRecevier->"+data);}}
5.3.3 SecondNormalRecevier.java
package com.andy.normalandorderedbroadcasts.normalbroadcastrecevier;import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;import android.content.Context;import android.content.Intent;import android.util.Log;public class SecondNormalRecevier extends BroadcastReceiver {@Overridepublic void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {//获得intent数据String data =intent.getStringExtra("data");Log.i("MY_NORMAL_BROADCAST", "SecondNormalRecevier->"+data);}}
5.3.4 ThirdNormalRecevier.java
package com.andy.normalandorderedbroadcasts.normalbroadcastrecevier;import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;import android.content.Context;import android.content.Intent;import android.util.Log;public class ThirdNormalRecevier extends BroadcastReceiver {@Overridepublic void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {//获得intent数据String data =intent.getStringExtra("data");Log.i("MY_NORMAL_BROADCAST", "ThirdNormalRecevier->"+data);}}
5.3.5 FirstOrderedRecevier.java
package com.andy.normalandorderedbroadcasts.orderedbroadcastrecevier;import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;import android.content.Context;import android.content.Intent;import android.os.Bundle;import android.util.Log;public class FirstOrderedRecevier extends BroadcastReceiver {@Overridepublic void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {//获取intent传递数据String msg = intent.getStringExtra("msg");//String msg = getResultExtras(true).getString("msg");Log.i("MY_ORDERED_BROADCAST", "FirstOrderedRecevier:"+msg);Bundle bundle =new Bundle();bundle.putString("extraDate", msg+"+FirstOrderedRecevier extraDate");//Bundle对象设置为结果集对象,传入下一个接收者setResultExtras(bundle);}}
5.3.6 SecondOrderedRecevier.java
package com.andy.normalandorderedbroadcasts.orderedbroadcastrecevier;import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;import android.content.Context;import android.content.Intent;import android.os.Bundle;import android.util.Log;public class SecondOrderedRecevier extends BroadcastReceiver {@Overridepublic void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {//String data = intent.getStringExtra("data");获取不到附加数据//获取intent和接收者附加数据集String msg = getResultExtras(true).getString("extraDate");Log.i("MY_ORDERED_BROADCAST", "SecondOrderedRecevier:"+msg);Bundle bundle =new Bundle();bundle.putString("extraDate", msg+"+SecondOrderedRecevier extraDate");//Bundle对象设置为结果集对象,传入下一个接收者setResultExtras(bundle);}}
5.3.7 ThirdOrderedRecevier.java
package com.andy.normalandorderedbroadcasts.orderedbroadcastrecevier;import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;import android.content.Context;import android.content.Intent;import android.os.Bundle;import android.util.Log;public class ThirdOrderedRecevier extends BroadcastReceiver {@Overridepublic void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {//String data = intent.getStringExtra("data");获取不到附加数据//获取intent和接收者附加数据集String msg = getResultExtras(true).getString("extraDate");Log.i("MY_ORDERED_BROADCAST", "ThirdOrderedRecevier:"+msg);}}
5.3.8 普通广播运行Log
5.3.9 有序广播运行Log
ps:有序广播附加参数的特点上面代码已经展现,终止广播继续传播的特点,就不再演示,伙伴们可以试着在FirstOrderedRecevier.java/SecondOrderedRecevier.java中添加如下代码,运行测试
abortBroadcast(); //中断广播继续发送给下一个接收者
6.1 BroadcastReceiver的发送
// 采用隐式Intent发送广播()Intent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.BROADCAST");intent.putExtra("broadcast", "Hello! I'm a broadcast,Did you receive?");// 发送广播sendBroadcast(intent);
6.2 BroadcastReceiver的接收
/* * onReceive()方法实现接收广播操作 */@Overridepublic void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {// 获取广播数据String data = intent.getStringExtra("broadcast");// 打印到LOGCATLog.i("MyDynamicBroadcastReceiver", "MyDynamicBroadcastReceiver-->"+ data);}
7.常用的系统广播(参考自,雨季o莫忧离:http://blog.csdn.net/luckkof)
Intent.ACTION_AIRPLANE_MODE_CHANGED; ——————> 关闭或打开飞行模式时的广播
Intent.ACTION_BATTERY_CHANGED; ——————> 充电状态,或者电池的电量发生变化广播
Intent.ACTION_BATTERY_LOW;——————> 表示电池电量低时广播
Intent.ACTION_BATTERY_OKAY;——————> 表示电池电量充足,即从电池电量低变化到饱满时会发出广播
Intent.ACTION_BOOT_COMPLETED;——————> 在系统启动完成后广播(只有一次)
Intent.ACTION_CAMERA_BUTTON;——————> 按下照相时的拍照按键(硬件按键)时发出的广播
Intent.ACTION_CLOSE_SYSTEM_DIALOGS;——————> 当屏幕超时进行锁屏,用户按下电源按钮,长按或短按时进行锁屏时广播
Intent.ACTION_CONFIGURATION_CHANGED;——————> 设备当前设置被改变时发出的广播
Intent.ACTION_DATE_CHANGED;——————> 设备日期改变时广播
Intent.ACTION_DEVICE_STORAGE_LOW;——————> 内存不足时广播
Intent.ACTION_DEVICE_STORAGE_OK;——————> 内存从不足到充足时广播
Intent.ACTION_EXTERNAL_APPLICATIONS_AVAILABLE;——————> 移动APP完成之后广播
Intent.ACTION_EXTERNAL_APPLICATIONS_UNAVAILABLE;——————> 正在移动APP时广播
Intent.ACTION_GTALK_SERVICE_CONNECTED;——————> Gtalk已建立连接时广播
Intent.ACTION_GTALK_SERVICE_DISCONNECTED;——————> Gtalk已断开连接时广播
Intent.ACTION_HEADSET_PLUG;——————> 插入耳机时广播
Intent.ACTION_INPUT_METHOD_CHANGED;——————> 改变输入法时广播
Intent.ACTION_LOCALE_CHANGED;——————> 当前区域设置已更改时广播
Intent.ACTION_MANAGE_PACKAGE_STORAGE;
Intent.ACTION_MEDIA_BAD_REMOVAL;——————> 未正确移除SD卡时广播
Intent.ACTION_MEDIA_BUTTON;——————> 按下"Media Button" 按键时广播
Intent.ACTION_MEDIA_CHECKING;——————> 插入外部储存装置时广播
Intent.ACTION_MEDIA_EJECT;——————> 拔掉外部大容量储存设备广播
Intent.ACTION_MEDIA_MOUNTED;——————> 插入SD卡并正确安装时广播
Intent.ACTION_MEDIA_NOFS;——————>
Intent.ACTION_MEDIA_REMOVED;——————> 外部储存设备移除广播
Intent.ACTION_MEDIA_SCANNER_FINISHED;——————> 已经扫描完介质的一个目录时广播
Intent.ACTION_MEDIA_SCANNER_SCAN_FILE;——————>
Intent.ACTION_MEDIA_SCANNER_STARTED;——————>开始扫描介质的一个目录时广播
Intent.ACTION_MEDIA_SHARED;——————> 扩展介质的挂载被解除
Intent.ACTION_MEDIA_UNMOUNTABLE;——————>
Intent.ACTION_MEDIA_UNMOUNTED;——————>扩展介质存在,但没有被挂载时广播
Intent.ACTION_NEW_OUTGOING_CALL;——————>
Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED;——————> 成功的安装APK之后
Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_CHANGED;——————> 已存在的应用程序包改变时广播
Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_DATA_CLEARED;——————> 清除一个应用程序的数据时广播
Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_INSTALL;——————> 触发一个下载并且完成安装时发出的广播
Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_REMOVED;——————> 成功的删除某个APK之后发出的广播
Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_REPLACED;——————> 替换一个现有的安装包时广播
Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_RESTARTED;——————> 用户重新开始一个包
Intent.ACTION_POWER_CONNECTED;——————> 插上外部电源时广播
Intent.ACTION_POWER_DISCONNECTED;——————> 断开外部电源连接时广播
Intent.ACTION_PROVIDER_CHANGED;——————>
Intent.ACTION_REBOOT;——————> 重启设备时的广播
Intent.ACTION_SCREEN_OFF;——————> 屏幕被关闭之后的广播
Intent.ACTION_SCREEN_ON;——————> 屏幕被打开之后的广播
Intent.ACTION_SHUTDOWN;——————> 关闭系统时广播
Intent.ACTION_TIMEZONE_CHANGED;——————> 时区改变时广播
Intent.ACTION_TIME_CHANGED;——————> 时间被设置时广播
Intent.ACTION_TIME_TICK;——————> 当前时间已变化,通过Context.registerReceiver()注册
Intent.ACTION_UID_REMOVED;——————> 某用户ID已从系统中移除广播
Intent.ACTION_UMS_CONNECTED;——————>设备进入USB大容量储存状态时广播
Intent.ACTION_UMS_DISCONNECTED;——————>设备已从USB大容量储存状态转为正常状态时广播
Intent.ACTION_USER_PRESENT;
Intent.ACTION_WALLPAPER_CHANGED;——————> 设备墙纸已改变时广播
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